scholarly journals Motivations to Adopt Plant-Based Diets: Data from the Adhering to Dietary Approaches for Personal Taste (ADAPT) Study (P16-024-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akari Miki ◽  
Micaela Karlsen ◽  
Kara Livingston ◽  
Gail Rogers ◽  
Sara Folta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Personal Taste ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Objectives To examine the differences in key motivations to adopt a dietary pattern (1) between self-reported plant-based diet followers and omnivores, and (2) among three types of plant-based diet followers: whole food, plant-based (WFPB), vegan, and vegetarian+pescatarian. Methods Adhering to Dietary Approaches for Personal Taste (ADAPT) is an online survey that recruits followers of popular diets. Of the 2010 enrolled participants, 1227 participants described their diet as plant-based, either WFPB (n = 705), vegan (n = 388), vegetarian (n = 103), or pescatarian (n = 31). The remaining 783 participants were categorized as omnivores. A multiple choice question with a free text option prompted participants to indicate their reasons for adhering to their self-identified dietary pattern, and a follow-up question asked them to rank their key motivations for adherence. The percentage of participants who chose each response as one of their top 2 key motivators was tabulated within each dietary pattern. Logistic regression, adjusted for age and gender, was used to compare the prevalence of top reasons among dietary patterns. The results were considered significant if <P = 0.05 after Bonferroni correction. Results The majority of both plant-based diet followers (79%) and of omnivores (83%) identified disease prevention and overall wellness as top motivations for following their dietary patterns. Significantly more plant-based diet followers, versus omnivores, chose helping the environment (17% vs. 4%) and supporting animal welfare (28% vs. 1%). Significantly more omnivores chose enjoyment (39% vs. 26%) and the need to address a specific health concern (44% vs. 29%). Significantly more WFPB followers (87%) chose disease prevention and overall wellness compared to vegans (71%) and vegetarians+pescatarians (66%). Significantly more vegans (47%) and vegetarians+pescatarians (33%) chose animal welfare than WFPB followers (15%). Conclusions The dietary motivations of plant-based diet followers are more diverse compared to those of omnivores. Among plant-based diet followers, WFPB followers often chose health motivations, and vegans, vegetarians, and pescatarians often chose ethical motivations. Funding Sources The Lisa Wendel Memorial Foundation, Tufts Collaborates Seed Grant, Tufts Summer Scholars Grant, and USDA ARS agreement No. 58-1950-4-003.

scholarly journals The Perceived Impact of The First UK Covid-19 Lockdown on Companion Animal Welfare and Behaviour: A Mixed-Method Study of Associations with Owner Mental Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6171
Author(s):  
Emily Shoesmith ◽  
Luciana Santos de Assis ◽  
Lion Shahab ◽  
Elena Ratschen ◽  
Paul Toner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Companion Animal ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Human Animal

Background: Companion animals may be a positive presence for their owners during the Covid-19 pandemic. However, the welfare of a companion animal is strongly influenced by the behaviour of their owners, as well as their physical and social environment. We aimed to investigate the reported changes in companion animal welfare and behaviour and to examine the association between these changes and companion animal owners’ mental health. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey of UK residents over 18 years of age was conducted between April and June 2020 (n = 5926). The questionnaire included validated, bespoke items measuring outcomes related to mental health, human-animal bonds and reported changes in animal welfare and behaviour. The final item of the survey invited open-ended free-text responses, allowing participants to describe experiences associated with human-animal relationships during the first UK lockdown phase. Results: Animal owners made up 89.8% of the sample (n = 5323), of whom 67.3% reported changes in their animal’s welfare and behaviour during the first lockdown phase (n = 3583). These reported changes were reduced to a positive (0–7) and negative (0–5) welfare scale, following principal component analysis (PCA) of 17 items. Participants reported more positive changes for cats, whereas more negative changes were reported for dogs. Thematic analysis identified three main themes relating to the positive and negative impact on companion animals of the Covid-19 pandemic. Generalised linear models indicated that companion animal owners with poorer mental health scores pre-lockdown reported fewer negative changes in animal welfare and behaviour. However, companion animal owners with poorer mental health scores since lockdown reported more changes, both positive and negative, in animal welfare and behaviour. Conclusion: Our findings extend previous insights into perceived welfare and behaviour changes on a very limited range of species to a wider a range of companion animals. Owner mental health status has a clear, albeit small, effect on companion animal welfare and behaviour.

scholarly journals Health Needs of Trans and Gender Diverse Adults in Australia: A Qualitative Analysis of a National Community Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 5088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sav Zwickl ◽  
Alex Wong ◽  
Ingrid Bretherton ◽  
Max Rainier ◽  
Daria Chetcuti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Health Service Delivery ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Healthcare Needs ◽  
Gender Diverse ◽  
And Gender

There is an increasing demand for trans and gender diverse (TGD) health services worldwide. Given the unique and diverse healthcare needs of the TGD community, best practice TGD health services should be community-led. We aimed to understand the healthcare needs of a broad group of TGD Australians, how health professionals could better support TGD people, and gain an understanding of TGD-related research priorities. An anonymous online survey received 928 eligible responses from TGD Australian adults. This paper focuses on three questions out of that survey that allowed for free-text responses. The data were qualitatively coded, and overarching themes were identified for each question. Better training for healthcare professionals and more accessible transgender healthcare were the most commonly reported healthcare needs of participants. Findings highlight a pressing need for better training for healthcare professionals in transgender healthcare. In order to meet the demand for TGD health services, more gender services are needed, and in time, mainstreaming health services in primary care will likely improve accessibility. Evaluation of training strategies and further research into optimal models of TGD care are needed; however, until further data is available, views of the TGD community should guide research priorities and the TGD health service delivery.

scholarly journals Characterizing the Gut Microbiome of Dietary Patterns Using Pooled Samples: Assessing a Novel Methodological Approach to a Complex Web of Confounders

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1157-1157
Author(s):  
Leigh Frame ◽  
Stephanie Servetas ◽  
Scott Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Metabolomic Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Pooled Samples

Abstract Objectives The response to a dietary pattern exhibits large interindividual variability—due in part to the uniqueness of the microbiome of each individual. However, specific attributes of the microbiome related to dietary intake may be directly related to the precise dietary pattern. To determine what attributes come solely from a dietary pattern, we must isolate the individual differences. To do this, we aim to establish the feasibility of assessing microbiome attributes related to disparate dietary patterns using pooled samples. Methods Samples from 4 self-identified vegans and omnivores were collected, pooled, homogenized and stored at −80°C until time of analysis. Dietary patterns were self-reported using DietID. Whole genome shotgun metagenomics was performed (Replicates: 10/diet, 4/individual). Metabolomic profiles were analyzed using NMR and MS/MS. Genomic and metabolomic data were analyzed to identify diet-specific signatures. As part of a comprehensive literature review, we developed a table predictive of the microbiomes of omnivores versus vegans. We compare our findings to this summary of emerging research to assess potential validity of pooled sample analysis. Results Key differences were detected between the vegan and omnivore samples individually and in pools including 10 genera significantly enriched in vegan and 15 in omnivore, e.g., Akkermansia, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Faecalibacterium, Methanobrevibacter, and Ruminococcus. Fold changes were &gt; 2 in 13 of 25 genera (4 vegan, 9 omnivore). Differences were comparable to the predictive table. Ongoing analyses include comparisons at additional taxonomic levels and diversity/richness assessments which will improve the resolution of the aforementioned relationships and the ability to detect them using pooled samples. Conclusions Even with a small cohort of pooled samples, we are able to reproduce the findings of the evidence-base to-date—the same variability and stability in microbiome composition. Funding Sources National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), The International Life Sciences Institute – North America (ILSI-NA).

scholarly journals Perceptions of the Use of Alcohol and Drugs after Sudden Bereavement by Unnatural Causes: Analysis of Online Qualitative Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Drabwell ◽  
Jessica Eng ◽  
Fiona Stevenson ◽  
Michael King ◽  
David Osborn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Alcohol And Drugs ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Gender

Bereavement is associated with an increased risk of psychiatric morbidity and all-cause mortality, particularly in younger people and after unnatural deaths. Substance misuse is implicated but little research has investigated patterns of drug or alcohol use after bereavement. We used a national online survey to collect qualitative data describing whether and how substance use changes after sudden bereavement. We conducted thematic analysis of free-text responses to a question probing use of alcohol and drugs after the sudden unnatural (non-suicide) death of a family member or a close friend. We analysed data from 243 adults in British Higher Education Institutions aged 18–40, identifying two main themes describing post-bereavement alcohol or drug use: (1) sense of control over use of drugs or alcohol (loss of control versus self-discipline), (2) harnessing the specific effects of drugs or alcohol. Across themes we identified age patterning in relation to substance misuse as a form of rebellion among those bereaved in childhood, and gender patterning in relation to men using alcohol to help express their emotions. The limitations of our sampling mean that these findings may not be generalizable from highly-educated settings to young people in the general population. Our findings describe how some young bereaved adults use drugs and alcohol to help them cope with traumatic loss, and suggest how clinicians might respond to any difficulties controlling substance use.

scholarly journals Development and validation of an algorithm to assist in the interpretation of the electrocardiogram

EP Europace ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Pallikadavath ◽  
J Watts ◽  
S Gay ◽  
A Sandilands
Keyword(s):  
Delphi Study ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Survey Tool ◽  
Modified Delphi ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Delphi Exercise ◽  
Predetermined Level ◽  
Time Critical ◽  
Ecg Interpretation

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background and Purpose Interpretation of the electrocardiogram (ECG) is often poorly performed, affecting time critical patient care. There are no reliable methods that consistently bridge the gap between novices and competency. However, the development of a framework allowing a step-wise approach to interpret the ECG based on relevant signals might help. Indeed, in addition to expert teaching, a pilot study of this algorithm significantly improves sustained ECG interpretation in medical students. This study aimed to validate the ECG algorithm tool by confirming the appropriateness of its step-wise components through expert cardiologists. Methods A Modified Delphi Exercise protocol was used. Cardiologists were invited to participate in a questionnaire through an online survey tool. Expert participants evaluated each stage of the ECG algorithm through multiple levels of agreement and explained their decision making with the option of free-text comments. These were collated and analysed by the four authors and changes subsequently made. The process was repeated, with evaluation of the changes from each round until a predetermined level of agreement was achieved. Results This Modified Delphi Exercise produced two rounds. Overall, 55 responses from experts was achieved (first round = 33, round two = 22). The average agreement in round one was 85.8%  with 25 changes from 124 comments. Round two achieved 93.4% agreement with 12 changes from 57 comments. After discussion by four authors, a consensus was reached and a final algorithm was achieved. Figure 1 shows the bradycardia section of the final algorithm (tachycardia and ST/T-wave/ischaemia sections not shown). Conclusions We have validated an ECG algorithm through a rigorous development and review process in a multi-institutional and multi-national Modified Delphi study. The completed expert reviewed algorithm may be a safe, informative tool for novice users to improve ECG interpretation. However, further validation in user groups is now mandated to refine the tool. Abstract Figure 1- Algorithm one of three

scholarly journals Consumption Patterns of Grain-Based Foods among Adults in Canada: Evidence from Canadian Community Health Survey—Nutrition 2015

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed H Hosseini ◽  
Yanni Papanikolaou ◽  
Naorin Islam ◽  
Patil Rashmi ◽  
Arash Shamloo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Community Health Survey

In this study, we used the Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition (CCHS) 2015 data to examine the consumption patterns of grain-based foods (GBFs) for Canadian adults. We used a k-mean cluster analysis based on the contribution of 21 grain-based foods to total energy intake of adults in Canada to find the dietary patterns of GBFs. Cluster analyses rendered seven dietary patterns including: ‘other bread’, ‘cake and cookies’, ‘pasta’, ‘rice’, ‘mixed’, ‘white bread’, and finally ‘whole wheat and whole-grain bread’. ‘No grain’ and ‘rice’ consumers had lower intakes of dietary fibre, folate, iron and calcium, which are the nutrients of public health concern in Canada. Adults consuming a ‘mixed grain’ dietary pattern had a greater daily intake of calcium, potassium, magnesium, riboflavin, and vitamin B6 than those in the ‘no grain’ dietary pattern. We also observed that a considerable proportion of individuals clustered in the ‘rice’ group are immigrants and belong to households with lower income levels.

Cardiorespiratory fitness is positively associated with both healthy and western dietary pattern in Iranian middle-aged

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hossein Shahinfar ◽  
Farhang Djafari ◽  
Nadia Babaei ◽  
Samira Davarzani ◽  
Mojdeh Ebaditabar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Western Dietary Pattern ◽  
Healthy Dietary Pattern

Abstract. Background: The association between dietary patterns and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is not well established. Objective: We sought to investigate association between a posteriori dietary pattern and CRF in middle-aged adults. Design: Adults (n = 276), aged 20–74 years, who were residents of Tehran, Iran were recruited. Diet was assessed by using a validated 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Principal component analysis was used to derive dietary patterns. Socio-economic status, anthropometric measures, body composition, and blood pressure were recorded. CRF was assessed by using a graded exercise treadmill test. Analysis of variance and linear regression models were used to discern the association between dietary patterns and CRF. Results: Higher scores of the healthy dietary pattern had no association with VO2max (p = 0.13 ). After controlling for potential confounders, VO2max was positively associated across tertiles of healthy dietary patterns (p < 0.001). Higher adherence to the “mixed” dietary pattern was inversely related to VO2max (p < 0.01). After adjusting for confounders, the significant association disappeared (p = 0.14). Higher scores of the “Western” dietary pattern was not associated with VO2max (p = 0.06). However, after controlling for potential confounders, VO2max was positively associated with the “Western” dietary pattern (p = 0.01). A positive linear association between the “healthy” dietary pattern and CRF for the total sample (R2 = 0.02; p < 0.01) were presented. Conclusions: Overall, our findings suggest that higher adherence to a “healthy” and “Western” dietary pattern was positively associated with CRF. However, further studies are required to examine and clarify the causal relationship between dietary patterns and CRF.

Association of Major Dietary Patterns with General and Abdominal Obesity in Iranian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 145-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjan Ghane Basiri ◽  
Gity Sotoudeh ◽  
Mahmood Djalali ◽  
Mohammad Reza Eshraghian ◽  
Neda Noorshahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
General Obesity ◽  
Healthy Dietary Pattern

Abstract. Background: The aim of this study was to identify dietary patterns associated with general and abdominal obesity in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: We included 728 patients (35 - 65 years) with type 2 diabetes mellitus in this cross-sectional study. The usual dietary intake of individuals over 1 year was collected using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured according to standard protocol. Results: The two major dietary patterns identified by factor analysis were healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns. After adjustment for potential confounders, subjects in the highest quintile of the healthy dietary pattern scores had a lower odds ratio for the general obesity when compared to the lowest quintile (OR = 0.45, 95 % CI = 0.26 - 0.79, P for trend = 0.02), while patients in the highest quintile of the unhealthy dietary pattern scores had greater odds for the general obesity (OR = 3.2, 95 % CI = 1.8 - 5.9, P for trend < 0.001). There were no significant associations between major dietary patterns and abdominal obesity, even after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusion: This study shows that in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, a healthy dietary pattern is inversely associated and an unhealthy dietary pattern is directly associated with general obesity.

Feeling Threatened by Immigrants: The Role of Ideology and Subjective Societal Status

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bollwerk ◽  
Bernd Schlipphak ◽  
Joscha Stecker ◽  
Jens Hellmann ◽  
Gerald Echterhoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Right Wing Authoritarianism ◽  
Threat Perceptions ◽  
Contextual Determinants ◽  
Intergroup Conflicts ◽  
And Gender

Threat perceptions towards immigrants continue to gain importance in the context of growing international migration. To reduce associated intergroup conflicts, it is crucial to understand the personal and contextual determinants of perceived threat. In a large online survey study (N = 1,184), we investigated the effects of ideology (i.e., Right-Wing Authoritarianism and Social Dominance Orientation), subjective societal status (SSS) and their interaction effects in predicting symbolic and realistic threat perceptions towards Middle Eastern immigrants. Results showed that ideology (higher RWA and SDO) and lower SSS significantly predicted both symbolic and realistic threat, even after controlling for income, education, age, and gender. Furthermore, ideology and SSS interacted significantly in predicting realistic threat, with higher levels of SDO and RWA enhancing the effect of SSS. In the discussion, we focus on the implications of our findings with respect to understanding societal conflicts, discuss methodological limitations, and provide directions for future research.

Quantifying empathy levels among UK undergraduate medical students: an online survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. bjgp20X711293
Author(s):  
Sarah Garnett ◽  
Hajira Dambha-Miller ◽  
Beth Stuart
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Curriculum Design ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional

BackgroundEmpathy is a key health care concept and refers to care that incorporates understanding of patient perspective’s, shared decision making, and consideration of the broader context in which illness is experience. Evidence suggests experiences of doctor empathy correlate with improved health outcomes and patient satisfaction. It has also been linked to job satisfaction, and mental wellbeing for doctors. To date, there is a paucity of evidence on empathy levels among medical students. This is critical to understand given that it is a key point at which perceptions and practices of empathy in the longer term might be formed.AimTo quantify the level of empathy among UK undergraduate medical studentsMethodAn anonymised cross-sectional online survey was distributed to medical students across three universities. The previously validated Davis’s Interpersonal Reactivity Index was used to quantify empathy. The survey also collected information on age, sex, ethnicity, year of medical school training and included a free-text box for ‘any other comments’.ResultsData analysis is currently underway with high response rates. Mean empathy scores by age, sex, year of study and ethnic group are presented. A correlation analysis will examine associations between age and year of study, and mean empathy sores.ConclusionThese data will help to provide a better understanding of empathy levels to inform the provision of future empathy training and medical school curriculum design. Given previous evidence linking experiences of empathy to better health outcomes, the findings may also be significant to future patient care

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