scholarly journals Mapping Progressive Gray Matter Alterations in Early Childhood Autistic Brain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaonan Guo ◽  
Xujun Duan ◽  
John Suckling ◽  
Jia Wang ◽  
Xiaodong Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Social Brain ◽  
Structural Alterations ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Social

Abstract Autism spectrum disorder is an early-onset neurodevelopmental condition. This study aimed to investigate the progressive structural alterations in the autistic brain during early childhood. Structural magnetic resonance imaging scans were examined in a cross-sectional sample of 67 autistic children and 63 demographically matched typically developing (TD) children, aged 2–7 years. Voxel-based morphometry and a general linear model were used to ascertain the effects of diagnosis, age, and a diagnosis-by-age interaction on the gray matter volume. Causal structural covariance network analysis was performed to map the interregional influences of brain structural alterations with increasing age. The autism group showed spatially distributed increases in gray matter volume when controlling for age-related effects, compared with TD children. A significant diagnosis-by-age interaction effect was observed in the fusiform face area (FFA, Fpeak = 13.57) and cerebellum/vermis (Fpeak = 12.73). Compared with TD children, the gray matter development of the FFA in autism displayed altered influences on that of the social brain network regions (false discovery rate corrected, P < 0.05). Our findings indicate the atypical neurodevelopment of the FFA in the autistic brain during early childhood and highlight altered developmental effects of this region on the social brain network.

scholarly journals Reduced Gray Matter Volume in the Social Brain Network in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wataru Sato ◽  
Takanori Kochiyama ◽  
Shota Uono ◽  
Sayaka Yoshimura ◽  
Yasutaka Kubota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Social Brain ◽  
Adults With Autism ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
The Social

scholarly journals Age-related changes in baroreflex sensitivity and cardiac autonomic tone in children mirrored by regional brain gray matter volume trajectories

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 498-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark W DiFrancesco ◽  
Abu Shamsuzzaman ◽  
Keith B McConnell ◽  
Stacey L Ishman ◽  
Nanhua Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Autonomic Tone ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Regional Brain ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

scholarly journals Normal age-related brain morphometric changes: nonuniformity across cortical thickness, surface area and gray matter volume?

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 617.e1-617.e9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herve Lemaitre ◽  
Aaron L. Goldman ◽  
Fabio Sambataro ◽  
Beth A. Verchinski ◽  
Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Systemic Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Trajectories Relate to Brain Health in Typically Aging Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 1558-1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cutter A Lindbergh ◽  
Kaitlin B Casaletto ◽  
Adam M Staffaroni ◽  
Fanny Elahi ◽  
Samantha M Walters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Abstract Background Central nervous system levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, regulate the neuroinflammatory response and may play a role in age-related neurodegenerative diseases. The longitudinal relation between peripheral levels of TNF-α and typical brain aging is understudied. We hypothesized that within-person increases in systemic TNF-α would track with poorer brain health outcomes in functionally normal adults. Methods Plasma-based TNF-α concentrations (pg/mL; fasting morning draws) and magnetic resonance imaging were acquired in 424 functionally intact adults (mean age = 71) followed annually for up to 8.4 years (mean follow-up = 2.2 years). Brain outcomes included total gray matter volume and white matter hyperintensities. Cognitive outcomes included composites of memory, executive functioning, and processing speed, as well as Mini-Mental State Examination total scores. Longitudinal mixed-effects models were used, controlling for age, sex, education, and total intracranial volume, as appropriate. Results TNF-α concentrations significantly increased over time (p < .001). Linear increases in within-person TNF-α were longitudinally associated with declines in gray matter volume (p < .001) and increases in white matter hyperintensities (p = .003). Exploratory analyses suggested that the relation between TNF-α and gray matter volume was curvilinear (TNF-α 2p = .002), such that initial increases in inflammation were associated with more precipitous atrophy. There was a negative linear relationship of within-person changes in TNF-α to Mini-Mental State Examination scores over time (p = .036) but not the cognitive composites (all ps >.05). Conclusion Systemic inflammation, as indexed by plasma TNF-α, holds potential as a biomarker for age-related declines in brain health.

scholarly journals Gray Matter Structural Alterations in Chronic and Episodic Migraine: A Morphometric Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

Pain Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 2997-3011
Author(s):  
Álvaro Planchuelo-Gómez ◽  
David García-Azorín ◽  
Ángel L Guerrero ◽  
Margarita Rodríguez ◽  
Santiago Aja-Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Chronic Migraine ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Episodic Migraine ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Structural Alterations ◽  
Matter Volume

Abstract Objective This study evaluates different parameters describing the gray matter structure to analyze differences between healthy controls, patients with episodic migraine, and patients with chronic migraine. Design Cohort study. Setting Spanish community. Subjects Fifty-two healthy controls, 57 episodic migraine patients, and 57 chronic migraine patients were included in the study and underwent T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging acquisition. Methods Eighty-four cortical and subcortical gray matter regions were extracted, and gray matter volume, cortical curvature, thickness, and surface area values were computed (where applicable). Correlation analysis between clinical features and structural parameters was performed. Results Statistically significant differences were found between all three groups, generally consisting of increases in cortical curvature and decreases in gray matter volume, cortical thickness, and surface area in migraineurs with respect to healthy controls. Furthermore, differences were also found between chronic and episodic migraine. Significant correlations were found between duration of migraine history and several structural parameters. Conclusions Migraine is associated with structural alterations in widespread gray matter regions of the brain. Moreover, the results suggest that the pattern of differences between healthy controls and episodic migraine patients is qualitatively different from that occurring between episodic and chronic migraine patients.

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