Anonymous linkage between college students and HIV facilities: systematic evaluation of urine self-collection for HIV testing initiative in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Lv ◽  
Guanqiao Li ◽  
Maogui Hu ◽  
Chengdong Xu ◽  
Hongyan Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Student Activity ◽  
Vending Machines

Abstract Background Identifying young HIV-infected individuals who are unaware of their status is a major challenge for HIV control in China. To address this, an innovative, anonymous vending machine-based urine self-collection for HIV testing (USCT) program was implemented in 2016 in colleges across China. Methods From June 2016 to December 2019, 146 vending machines stocked with urine self-collection kits were distributed on 73 college campuses across 11 provinces of China. Urine samples were collected, delivered, and tested in an anonymous manner. We analyzed the returned rate, reactive rate (likelihood of HIV screening positive), testing effectiveness (the annual number of HIV-infected college students screened by USCT or other testing methods), and the spatiotemporal relationship between USCT usage and student activity per college generated from the usage of a social networking application. Results Among the total of 5178 kits sold, 3109 (60%) samples were returned and of these 2933 (94%) were eligible for testing. The HIV-reactive rate was 2.3% (66/2933). The average effectiveness ratio among the 34 participating Beijing colleges was 0.39 (12:31) between USCT and conventional testing methods. A strong spatiotemporal correlation between USCT numbers and online student activity was observed during school semesters in Beijing. Conclusions USCT is a powerful complement to current interventions that target at-risk students and promote HIV testing. The social networking-based evaluation framework can guide us in prioritizing at-risk target populations.

Prevalence and correlates of HIV testing among college students: an exploratory study

Sexual Health ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Crosby ◽  
Kim H. Miller ◽  
Ruth R. Staten ◽  
Melody Noland
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Sexual Risk Behaviour ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Vaginal Sex

Objectives: Whether college students who are most at-risk of HIV infection are being tested is unknown. This exploratory study identified the prevalence and correlates of ever having an HIV test among college students. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a probability sample of 903 college students. Measures of sexual risk behaviour were assessed. Results: Of the students surveyed, 22.5% reported they had been tested for HIV. Testing was more likely among those 20 years of age or older (27.8% v. 14.7%; P = 0.0001), females (25.4% v. 17.8%; P = 0.01), and members of racial/ethnic minorities (42.7% v. 20.3%; P = 0.0001). After adjusting for these covariates, those who reported ever having vaginal sex (AOR = 5.5; 95% CI = 3.1–9.6); anal sex (AOR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.6–3.6), and oral sex (AOR = 6.3; 95% CI = 3.0–13.3) were significantly more likely to report being tested. Students having vaginal sex in the past 12 months were significantly more likely to report testing (AOR = 5.3; 95% CI = 3.1–9.1). Those reporting vaginal sexual debut (AOR = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.2–3.1) or oral sexual debut (AOR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.1–2.5) ≤age 15 were significantly more likely to be tested. Students reporting four or more sex partners were significantly more likely to be tested than sexually experienced students reporting fewer partners (AOR = 3.2; 95% CI = 2.2–4.6). Finally, those reporting at least one episode of forced vaginal sex (AOR = 3.9; 95% CI = 2.1–7.2) and reporting at least one episode of any forced sex (vaginal, anal, oral) (AOR = 3.0; 95% CI = 1.8–5.0) were significantly more likely to report being tested. Conclusions: Within this population, demographically controlled findings suggest that those most at-risk of HIV infection are indeed being tested for the virus.

Awe in nature heals: Evidence from military veterans, at-risk youth, and college students.

Emotion ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1195-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig L. Anderson ◽  
Maria Monroy ◽  
Dacher Keltner
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Military Veterans ◽  
At Risk Youth

scholarly journals Changes in Hypertension Diagnostic Criteria Enhance Early Identification of at Risk College Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver W. A. Wilson ◽  
Kadiatu Kamara ◽  
Zack Papalia ◽  
Melissa Bopp ◽  
Christopher M. Bopp
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Early Identification

scholarly journals Impact of Birth Control Use on Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Female College Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 165-165
Author(s):  
Lilah Chase ◽  
Jesse Morrell
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
College Health ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female College

Abstract Objectives Research suggests birth control (BC) use alters blood lipids in women. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in metabolic syndrome risk between birth control users vs. nonusers in a sample of female college students, 18–24 years old. Methods Data were collected between 2005–18 from the College Health and Nutrition Assessment Survey, an ongoing, cross-sectional study conducted at a midsized, northeastern university. Anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical measures were obtained in the fasted state and used to determine metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence. BC use was self-reported. Proportional differences between BC vs. non-BC users of MetS and individual MetS components were evaluated via chi-square tests. Results Forty-five % of the final sample (n = 6456) reported using BC. MetS (≥3 MetS criteria) was present in 3.9% of students; 16.7% of students had ≥ 2 MetS criteria. BC users vs. nonusers were more likely to have at-risk triglyceride levels (22.4 vs. 11.0%, P < .001) but less likely to have at-risk HDL levels (21.2 vs. 27.7%, P < .001) and abdominal obesity (14.3% vs. 16.4, P < .05). No significant differences were observed in prevalence of elevated blood pressure or glucose between BC users vs. nonusers. Overall, MetS prevalence did not differ between groups (3.8 vs. 3.9%, P = .85). Conclusions Our findings suggest BC use is common and impacts different MetS criteria in college females. College health providers and nutrition educators can utilize research findings to tailor information for female students at risk for MetS and chronic disease. Funding Sources New Hampshire Agriculture Experiment Station and USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch Project 1,010,738.

scholarly journals Evaluating process-based integrated assessment models of climate change mitigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 166 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlie Wilson ◽  
Céline Guivarch ◽  
Elmar Kriegler ◽  
Bas van Ruijven ◽  
Detlef P. van Vuuren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Integrated Assessment ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Evaluation Research ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Integrated Assessment Models ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Change Mitigation

AbstractProcess-based integrated assessment models (IAMs) project long-term transformation pathways in energy and land-use systems under what-if assumptions. IAM evaluation is necessary to improve the models’ usefulness as scientific tools applicable in the complex and contested domain of climate change mitigation. We contribute the first comprehensive synthesis of process-based IAM evaluation research, drawing on a wide range of examples across six different evaluation methods including historical simulations, stylised facts, and model diagnostics. For each evaluation method, we identify progress and milestones to date, and draw out lessons learnt as well as challenges remaining. We find that each evaluation method has distinctive strengths, as well as constraints on its application. We use these insights to propose a systematic evaluation framework combining multiple methods to establish the appropriateness, interpretability, credibility, and relevance of process-based IAMs as useful scientific tools for informing climate policy. We also set out a programme of evaluation research to be mainstreamed both within and outside the IAM community.

scholarly journals An Evaluation Framework for Urban Cadastral System Policy in Ethiopia

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Dargie Chekole ◽  
Walter Timo de Vries ◽  
Gebeyehu Belay Shibeshi
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Objective Basis ◽  
Cadastral System ◽  
Desk Review ◽  
Vital Resource ◽  
Cadastral Systems

Land is the most vital resource on earth from which people derive their basic needs. In order to administer and manage this vital resource in a sustainable way, there are several mechanisms, of which the cadastral system is the prime one. Literature documents that the performance measurement methods of cadastral systems are not appropriate. In most developing countries, systematic performance evaluation mechanisms for cadastral systems are very inadequate. For example, Ethiopia has no systematic evaluation framework to measure and evaluate the state of cadastral systems. This article aims to develop an evaluation framework to measure and evaluate the performance of urban cadastral systems in Ethiopia based on the methods that have proven successful in developed countries. The goal is furthermore to present a set of good practices and a set of indicators that can provide an objective basis to support a systematic evaluation of urban cadastral systems in Ethiopia. The study employs a desk review research strategy and a qualitative analytical approach.

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