scholarly journals Change in FGF23 concentration over time and its association with all-cause mortality in patients treated with haemodialysis or haemodiafiltration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annet Bouma-de Krijger ◽  
Camiel L M de Roij van Zuijdewijn ◽  
Menso J Nubé ◽  
Muriel P C Grooteman ◽  
Marc G Vervloet
Keyword(s):  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 ◽  
Convective Transport ◽  
Contrast Study ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Fgf23 Concentration ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Substantial Decline ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Previous studies in patients on haemodialysis (HD) have shown an association of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) with all-cause mortality. As of yet, the result of FGF23 lowering on mortality is unknown in this population. Methods FGF23 was measured in a subset of 404 patients from the Dutch CONvective TRansport STudy (CONTRAST study) [a randomized trial in prevalent dialysis patients comparing HD and haemodiafiltration (HDF) with clinical outcome] at baseline and Months 6 and 12. A substantial decline of FGF23 change over time was anticipated in patients randomized to HDF since HDF induces higher dialytic clearance of FGF23. The associations of both baseline FGF23 and 6-months change in FGF23 with all-cause mortality were analysed. In addition, the difference in FGF23 change between HD and HDF was explored. Furthermore, the role of dialysis modality in the association between FGF23 change and outcome was analysed. Results No association was observed between quartiles of baseline FGF23 and all-cause mortality. Over 6 months, FGF23 declined in patients on HDF, whereas FGF23 remained stable in patients on HD. A decrease in FGF23 was not associated with improved survival compared with a stable FGF23 concentration. However, increasing FGF23 was associated with a significantly higher mortality risk, both in crude and fully adjusted models [hazard ratio 2.01 (95% confidence interval 1.30–3.09)]. Conclusion Whereas no association between a single value of FGF23 and all-cause mortality was found, increasing FGF23 concentrations did identify patients at risk for mortality. Since lowering FGF23 did not improve outcome, this study found no argument for therapeutically lowering FGF23.

1. Introduction

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Andrew Davies
Keyword(s):  
Project Success ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Project Performance ◽  
Project Manager ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Agrarian Societies ◽  
Over Time

Projects have existed since the earliest agrarian societies. While they may differ in purpose, scale, and scope, each project is established to bring together people with diverse knowledge to complete a temporary assignment, solve a complex problem, or turn a novel idea into reality. The Introduction defines a project as a combination of people and other resources brought together in a temporary organization and process to achieve a specified goal. It considers the role of the project manager, the difference between projects and operations, and a brief history of projects. Traditionally, project performance has been measured by the three constraints of cost, time, and quality, but it is now recognized that project success is multidimensional and varies over time.

scholarly journals Phosphate Transporter Regulator That Prevents Abnormal Hyperphosphatemia.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumire Sasaki ◽  
Yuji Shiozaki ◽  
Ai Hanazaki ◽  
Megumi Koike ◽  
Kazuya Tanifuji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Proximal Tubules ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Sodium Dependent ◽  
Fgf23 Concentration

Abstract Renal type II sodium-dependent inorganic phosphate (Pi) transporters NaPi2a and NaPi2c cooperate with other organs to strictly regulate the plasma Pi concentration. A high Pi load induces the phosphaturic hormones parathyroid hormone (PTH) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), enhances urinary Pi excretion and prevents the onset of hyperphosphatemia. How FGF23 is induced from the bones by a high Pi load and the setpoint of the plasma Pi concentration, however, are unclear. Here, we investigated the role of transporter-associated protein (TRAP), found in gene co-expression networks in NaPi2a and NaPi2c function. TRAP is localized in the renal proximal tubules and interacts with NaPi2a. In TRAP-knockout (KO) mice, the serum FGF23 concentration was markedly increased but increased Pi excretion and hypophosphatemia were not observed. In addition, TRAP-KO mice exhibit reduced NaPi2a responsiveness to FGF23 and PTH administration. Furthermore, a dietary Pi load causes marked hyperphosphatemia and abnormal NaPi2a regulation in TRAP-KO mice. Thus, TRAP is thought to be associated with FGF23 induction in bones and the regulation of NaPi2a to prevent an increase in the plasma Pi concentration due to a high Pi load and kidney injury.

ROLE OF ANTITHROMBIN FOR INACTIVATION OF THROMBIN ON ENDOTHELIUM

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Swedenborg ◽  
S Frebelius ◽  
S Nydahl ◽  
P Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Rabbit Aorta ◽  
Chromogenic Substrate ◽  
Endothelial Surface ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Free Plasma ◽  
Inhibition Of Thrombin ◽  
Over Time

Inactivation of thrombin which occurs mainly on the endothelium requires binding of the enzyme to receptors on the endothelial cells. One receptor for thrombin is glycosaminoglycans (GAG). Antithrombin (AT), however, also binds to GAG and may be involved in endothelial inactivation of thrombin.The purpose of the present study was to study the role of AT for the inhibition of thrombin on endothelium. The experiments were performed on rabbit aorta segment in vitro. Thrombin in solution and on the endothelial surface was functionally assayed with aid of a synthetic chromogenic substrate (thrombinS) or fibrinogen (thrombinF). In the latter case liberation of fibrinopeptide A (FPA) was measured. Inactivation of thrombin was estimated by the difference between loss of thrombin from the solution and recovery of thrombin on the endothelial surface during the incubation with thrombin.Preincubation of the endothelium with AT or plasma increased the inactivation of both thrombinS and thrombinF but AT-free plasma had no such effect. Preincubation with heparin (5 IU ml) decreas-the inactivation of thrombin on the endothelium. Endothelial segments preincubated with AT caused a much more rapid inactivation of thrombin over time as compared to control segments. Aortic segments preincubated with heparin caused a slower inactivation of thrombin on the sruface as compared to control segments.It is concluded, that preincubation with AT enhances the inactivation of thrombin on the endothelium whereas preincubation with heparin has the opposite effect. Heparin causes liberation of endogenous AT from the endothelial surface which may explain the decreased inactivation on the surface in the latter case.

scholarly journals Big Five Personality Traits Influence Tinnitus Improvement Over Time

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Simões ◽  
Winfried Schlee ◽  
Martin Schecklmann ◽  
Berthold Langguth ◽  
Daria Farahmand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Tinnitus Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tinnitus Distress ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTPrevious studies investigating the relation between personality and tinnitus distress showed that high neuroticism and low extraversion scores are related to higher tinnitus distress measured by the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and the Tinnitus Questionnaire (TQ). However, little is known about the role of personality on tinnitus distress over time.We collected the THI, TQ and Big Five Factor Index 2 of 388 patients who visited the Tinnitus Center Regensburg between 2012 and 2017, and filled in a survey with the same questionnaires in 2018. We used personality traits and facets to predict tinnitus distress cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Neuroticism and extraversion were significant predictors of THI and TQ scores in cross-sectional linear regression setups, and could explain up to 40% of the variance. However, the linear regressions could explain only little variance of both THI and TQ longitudinally. We clustered patients in three groups based in the difference THI and TQ between the two assessments: “clinically improved”, “clinically stable” and “clinically worsened”. The patients in the “clinically improved” and “clinically stable” groups scored statistically significantly lower in neuroticism and higher in extraversion than patients in the group “clinically worsened”. We observed a similar trend among patients who tried at least one clinical treatment.Our results suggest that personality traits, namely neuroticism and extraversion, are relevant markers of tinnitus distress over time and could be used to statistically distinguish patient groups with clinically relevant changes of tinnitus distress. These markers could inform both treatment responses from clinical studies and future choices on more efficient individual tinnitus treatments.

Repetition

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter John Glanville
Keyword(s):  
Sound Symbolism ◽  
Semantic Function ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Over Time

Chapter 7 is an analysis of Arabic verb patterns characterized by reduplication. It argues that the repetition of phonological material in a given verb is symbolic of repeated action in the event that the verb describes. The chapter examines verbs marked by gemination of the second root consonant, itself a type of reduplication, and verbs marked by identity of the first and second consonants. It considers the role of sound symbolism in accounting for the difference between these two verb patterns, and discusses the extent to which the notion of a biconsonantal etymon and the idea of a phonestheme are useful in establishing the origins of certain verbs and their derivational relationship to other verbs containing the same two consonants. The chapter concludes with an account of the shifting semantic function of these patterns over time.

The role of differential phase contrast in electron microscopy

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-177
Author(s):  
E.M. Waddell ◽  
J.N. Chapman ◽  
R.P. Ferrier
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Position Vector ◽  
Differential Phase ◽  
Pure Phase ◽  
Differential Phase Contrast ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Image Position ◽  
First Moment

Dekkers and de Lang (1977) have discussed a practical method of realising differential phase contrast in a STEM. The method involves taking the difference signal from two semi-circular detectors placed symmetrically about the optic axis and subtending the same angle (2α) at the specimen as that of the cone of illumination. Such a system, or an obvious generalisation of it, namely a quadrant detector, has the characteristic of responding to the gradient of the phase of the specimen transmittance. In this paper we shall compare the performance of this type of system with that of a first moment detector (Waddell et al.1977).For a first moment detector the response function R(k) is of the form R(k) = ck where c is a constant, k is a position vector in the detector plane and the vector nature of R(k)indicates that two signals are produced. This type of system would produce an image signal given bywhere the specimen transmittance is given by a (r) exp (iϕ (r), r is a position vector in object space, ro the position of the probe, ⊛ represents a convolution integral and it has been assumed that we have a coherent probe, with a complex disturbance of the form b(r-ro) exp (iζ (r-ro)). Thus the image signal for a pure phase object imaged in a STEM using a first moment detector is b2 ⊛ ▽ø. Note that this puts no restrictions on the magnitude of the variation of the phase function, but does assume an infinite detector.

On the Role of Transferrin in 67Ga Uptake by Tumor Cells

1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (04) ◽  
pp. 151-153
Author(s):  
P. Thouvenot ◽  
F. Brunotte ◽  
J. Robert ◽  
L. J. Anghileri
Keyword(s):  
Specific Binding ◽  
Subcellular Fractionation ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sarcoma Cells ◽  
In Vitro Uptake

In vitro uptake of 67Ga-citrate and 59Fe-citrate by DS sarcoma cells in the presence of tumor-bearing animal blood plasma showed a dramatic inhibition of both 67Ga and 59Fe uptakes: about ii/io of 67Ga and 1/5o of the 59Fe are taken up by the cells. Subcellular fractionation appears to indicate no specific binding to cell structures, and the difference of binding seems to be related to the transferrin chelation and transmembrane transport differences

REFLECTION COEFFICIENT OF AN ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE IN CONDUCTIVE MEDIA

2018 ◽  
pp. 100-106
Author(s):  
M. S. Sudakova ◽  
M. L. Vladov ◽  
M. R. Sadurtdinov
Keyword(s):  
Reflection Coefficient ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Direct And Inverse Problems ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Ideal Dielectric

Within the ground penetrating radar bandwidth the medium is considered to be an ideal dielectric, which is not always true. Electromagnetic waves reflection coefficient conductivity dependence showed a significant role of the difference in conductivity in reflection strength. It was confirmed by physical modeling. Conductivity of geological media should be taken into account when solving direct and inverse problems, survey design planning, etc. Ground penetrating radar can be used to solve the problem of mapping of halocline or determine water contamination.

Speculative Realism and Science Fiction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Willems
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Cormac Mccarthy ◽  
Doris Lessing ◽  
Speculative Realism ◽  
Neil Gaiman ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Quentin Meillassoux

A human-centred approach to the environment is leading to ecological collapse. One of the ways that speculative realism challenges anthropomorphism is by taking non-human things to be as valid objects of investivation as humans, allowing a more responsible and truthful view of the world to take place. Brian Willems uses a range of science fiction literature that questions anthropomorphism both to develop and challenge this philosophical position. He looks at how nonsense and sense exist together in science fiction, the way in which language is not a guarantee of personhood, the role of vision in relation to identity formation, the difference between metamorphosis and modulation, representations of non-human deaths and the function of plasticity within the Anthropocene. Willems considers the works of Cormac McCarthy, Paolo Bacigalupi, Neil Gaiman, China Miéville, Doris Lessing and Kim Stanley Robinson are considered alongside some of the main figures of speculative materialism including Graham Harman, Quentin Meillassoux and Jane Bennett.

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