Capsule chemistry technology for high-speed clinical chemistry analyses.

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1453-1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Cassaday ◽  
H Diebler ◽  
R Herron ◽  
M Pelavin ◽  
D Svenjak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Flow Path ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Carrier Materials ◽  
Line Detector ◽  
Selective Analysis

Abstract We describe a new analytical approach--"capsule chemistry"--for high-speed, selective analysis of a wide variety of analytes. Sequential micro-aliquots of sample and reagents are encapsulated within an inert fluorocarbon liquid. The resulting "test capsule" is introduced into a single analytical flow path, composed of a solid fluorocarbon, Teflon, where the sample is incubated, mixed, reacted, and measured as a moving series of individual tests. These randomly selective assays are processed at a rate of 720 per hour. The unique physical interaction between the liquid and solid fluorocarbon carrier materials effectively prevents detectable "carryover" of aqueous constituents between the successive test capsules. Reactions are monitored through the walls of the Teflon analytical channel at nine in-line detector stations for colorimetric and nephelometric measurements.

Methods to reduce lipemic interference in clinical chemistry tests: a systematic review and recommendations

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila X. Soh ◽  
Tze Ping Loh ◽  
Sunil K. Sethi ◽  
Lizhen Ong
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Pubmed Search ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Clinical Chemistry Tests

Abstract Objectives Lipemia is the presence of abnormally high lipoprotein concentrations in serum or plasma samples that can interfere with laboratory testing. There is little guidance available from manufacturers or professional bodies on processing lipemic samples to produce clinically acceptable results. This systematic review summarizes existing literature on the effectiveness of lipid removal techniques in reducing interference in clinical chemistry tests. Methods A PubMed search using terms relating to lipid removal from human samples for clinical chemistry tests produced 1,558 studies published between January 2010 and July 2021. 15 articles met the criteria for further analyses. Results A total of 66 analytes were investigated amongst the 15 studies, which showed highly heterogenous study designs. High-speed centrifugation was consistently effective for 13 analytes: albumin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin, creatine kinase (CK), creatinine (Jaffe method), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), glucose (hexokinase-based method), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), phosphate, potassium, and urea. Lipid-clearing agents were uniformly effective for seven analytes: ALT, AST, total bilirubin, CK, creatinine (Jaffe method), lipase, and urea. Mixed results were reported for the remaining analytes. Conclusions For some analytes, high-speed centrifugation and/or lipid-clearing agents can be used in place of ultracentrifugation. Harmonized protocols and acceptability criteria are required to allow pooled data analysis and interpretation of different lipemic interference studies.

Numerical investigation of particle trapping in various groove configurations in straight and bent flow channels

SIMULATION ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 679-699
Author(s):  
LA Florio
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Particle Interaction ◽  
Flow Path ◽  
Particle Flow ◽  
Computational Technique ◽  
Straight Channel ◽  
Particle Trapping ◽  
Flow Interactions ◽  
Groove Configurations ◽  
Channel Configuration

A novel computational technique is applied to investigate particle trapping in straight and bent channel flow paths with various groove configurations in high-speed compressible, particle laden flow. The technique is valid for particle sizes of the same order of magnitude as the groove dimensions and where the particle–flow path, particle–particle, and particle–flow interactions play significant roles in determining the particle motion. The sacrificial grooves within the flow path can remove particles from the flow to reduce particle impact-induced wear. The feasibility of the trapping grooves and the conditions for which they are most beneficial can be gleaned from analysis of the model results. Three groove configurations are studied: a straight groove, a flared groove, and a 45 degree angle groove, for the same groove entrance size, groove depth, and spacing in a straight channel and a channel with a 90 degree bend. A transient maximum of 22% of the particles were trapped for the flared groove for the bent channel and a transient maximum of 15% of the particles for the straight channel configuration. The second groove of the bent channel produces the greatest single groove particle holding of 8.25% of all of the particles for the flared grove configuration. The contributions of the groove positioning, groove shape, gas flow, and particle interaction conditions to the trapping characteristics can be readily obtained from examination of the model results since the modeling technique includes detailed treatment of particle–flow path and flow interactions, allowing for the study of the mechanisms acting to trap the particles within the grooves.

Comparative Assessment of Thermal Protective Characteristics of Metal and Ceramic Shields of Flow Paths of High-Temperature Gas Dynamic Facilities

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-75
Author(s):  
V.A. Tovstonog
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Thermal Protection ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Flow Path ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Gas Dynamic ◽  
Heat Shields ◽  
Ramjet Engines

In modern technology, gas dynamic facilities with a flow path of a high-temperature working fluid are widely used. Their effectiveness largely depends on the maximum achievable temperature, which is to a great extent determined by the heat resistance of structural materials and thermal protection systems of the most heat-stressed structural units. Most often, mass transfer thermal protection methods using the coolant of fuel components are used in such plants. However, in some gas dynamic facilities, such as high-speed ramjet engines, the use of such methods is only sufficient to maintain an acceptable temperature level for the elements of the flow path itself. As for the thermal protection of the enclosing structural elements which are adjacent to the path, it can be provided with either uncooled screens or heat-insulating linings. The study gives a comparative assessment of the temperature regime and characteristics of alternative types of heat shields

A high-speed liquid-chromatographic method for measuring urinary porphyrins.

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
P M Johnson ◽  
S L Perkins ◽  
S W Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Chemistry Laboratory ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract We describe a rapid quantitative and qualitative "high-performance" liquid-chromatographic (HPLC) method for measuring porphyrins in urine. Direct injection of acidified, filtered urine onto a 3-micron (particle size) 3-cm-long reversed-phase column fully resolves uroporphyrin, hepta-, hexa-, and pentacarboxylic acid porphyrins, and coproporphyrin. Instrument response is linearly related to concentration over the range 25 to 300 nmol/L. The method provides data essential for the differential diagnosis of porphyric states, including porphyria variegata and porphyria cutanea tarda. This relatively inexpensive method requires a run time of only 8 min per sample, making it particularly suitable for routine use in the clinical chemistry laboratory.

F.05 Characterization of NBCA glue polymerization for embolization of brain AVM’s

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (S2) ◽  
pp. S19-S20
Author(s):  
BH Wang ◽  
D Pelz ◽  
D Lee ◽  
MR Boulton ◽  
SP Lownie
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Polymerization Rate ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Glue Injection ◽  
Glue Embolization

Background: Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVM’s) are abnormal connections between arteries and veins. Endovascular glue embolization with N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) is an accepted form of treatment, with most complications related to timing of polymerization. Current literature reports a wide range of polymerization times with large discrepancies between in-vivo and in-vitro results. Methods: Polymerization time was measured for mixtures of lipiodol/NBCA of 50/50, 60/40, 70/30. The influence of pH, temperature and presence of biological catalysts on polymerization rate was investigated in-vivo using submerged droplet tests. PVA-C, silicone and endothelium surfaces were compared and contact angles were measured to assess physical interaction with NBCA. High-speed video of glue injection through a microcatheter was captured to characterize coaxial flow. Results: Polymerization rate increases with pH and temperature. A hydrophilic substrate such as PVA-C provides surface properties that are most similar to endothelium. Endothelium provides a catalytic surface that increases the rate of polymerization. Blood products further increase the polymerization rate with RBC’s providing almost instantaneous polymerization of NBCA upon contact. Characterization of coaxial flow shows dripping to jetting transition with significant wall effect. Conclusions: We have successfully deconstructed and characterized the dynamic behavior of NBCA embolization. A refined understanding of NBCA behavior could help reduce embolization-related complications.

scholarly journals On the Analytical Approach to Present Engineering Problems: Photovoltaic Systems Behavior, Wind Speed Sensors Performance, and High-Speed Train Pressure Wave Effects in Tunnels

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Pindado ◽  
Javier Cubas ◽  
Félix Sorribes-Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Wave ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
High Speed Train ◽  
Photovoltaic Devices ◽  
Engineering Problems ◽  
Wave Effects ◽  
Physical Phenomena ◽  
Cup Anemometer

At present, engineering problems required quite a sophisticated calculation means. However, analytical models still can prove to be a useful tool for engineers and scientists when dealing with complex physical phenomena. The mathematical models developed to analyze three different engineering problems: photovoltaic devices analysis; cup anemometer performance; and high-speed train pressure wave effects in tunnels are described. In all cases, the results are quite accurate when compared to testing measurements.

scholarly journals Multi path pipelined architecture with twin parallel processing after second stage for high-speed FFT

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.29) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
G Prasanna Kumar ◽  
Pushpa Kotipalli ◽  
B T. krishna
Keyword(s):  
Parallel Processing ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Data Flow ◽  
Flow Path ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Parallel Form ◽  
Pipelined Architecture ◽  
Twiddle Factor ◽  
Two Stages

This paper presents review on different pipelined FFT architectures and proposes a new pipelined FFT architecture with twin parallel processing after second stage. The proposed architecture follows a novel data flow path, Twiddle factor generation and multiplication is implemented by multiplier and shift registers. The first two stages are implemented by multipath pipelined form after that it follows twin parallel form. The twin parallel form consists of two pipelined units simultaneously generates FFT output values. This architecture reduces latency in a greater extent with a smaller cost of hardware. The proposed architecture compared with previous architectures. The proposed architecture is implemented for Radix-2 and Radix-22 DIF FFT. The throughput of proposed architecture is four.  

CFD Analyses and Design of a Turbocompound System

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Vogel ◽  
Philipp Epple ◽  
Andreas Hermann ◽  
Bettina Willinger ◽  
Antonio Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Guide Vane ◽  
Flow Path ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
System A ◽  
Power Turbine

In a turbocompound (TC) system a turbocharged engine is coupled with an additional power turbine, which recovers exergy of the exhaust gas after the turbocharger. The gained power is added to the engine power by a gearbox and a hydrodynamic coupling. The benefit of turbocompound is that the efficiency of internal combustion engines is improved substantially.The challenge with turbocompounding is that a high speed turbine is coupled with a slow speed engine. Through the transient requirements in mobile applications the operating points of the engine are variable while the turbo machine is designed for a continuous and steady flow. Matching the components is an additional challenge in designing the flow path of a TC System. A systematic approach in which the flow path is divided into three regions is applied: the interstage duct, the power turbine consisting of the rotor and its guide vane as well as the exhaust gas collector. After defining performance criteria for the individual regions, they are analysed by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). For this purpose, the model for the CFD-simulation is validated with measurements. For the interstage duct the influence of the mass flow and the outlet swirl of the turbocharger are analysed. For the exhaust gas collector the influence of the outlet swirl and mass flow from the power turbine is evaluated by a sensitivity study. Based on verified CFD simulations as well as analytical considerations it was possible to show that an improvement of the turbine performance is still possible. Parameters to be optimized were identified. As a result of the study an improved method for high efficiency aerodynamic design of turbocompound systems was developed. Based on this method the parts of the TC system were aerodynamically optimized. The performance of the new design was verified by CFD. Improvements in the power output up to 10% were achieved in stationary engine points.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document