scholarly journals Natal dispersal in a social landscape: Considering individual behavioral phenotypes and social environment in dispersal ecology

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina W. Wey ◽  
Orr Spiegel ◽  
Pierre-Olivier Montiglio ◽  
Karen E. Mabry
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Behavioral Ecology ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Natal Dispersal ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Behavioral Phenotypes ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Landscape

Abstract Natal dispersal, the movement of an organism from its birthplace to the site of first reproduction, is fundamental to many ecological and evolutionary processes. Mechanistically, individual dispersal decisions can depend on both individual phenotype and environmental cues. In particular, many established evolutionary theories of dispersal highlight the importance of the social environment. More recent research in behavioral ecology has focused on the importance of individual behavioral phenotypes. We reviewed the literature on individual behavioral phenotypes and dispersal and suggest that how individual behavioral phenotypes interact with the immediate social environment experienced by individuals in influencing dispersal is still poorly understood, despite growing interest. We found that very few studies had examined the interaction of individual behavioral phenotypes and social factors, and behavioral phenotypes related to social tendencies were less commonly measured than were behavioral phenotypes related to exploration or response to risk. Further, and unsurprisingly, studies on social behavioral phenotypes and dispersal behaviors during the transience stage of dispersal were underrepresented compared to the departure or settlement stages. Future studies in this area should aim to: a) make explicit links between behavioral traits and their proposed effects on dispersal decisions throughout multiple stages of dispersal, b) integrate more continuous dispersal variables, and c) consider the effects of the spatial distribution and phenotypes of conspecifics (i.e., the social landscape) encountered by individual dispersers.

scholarly journals Criminological Aspect on Case of Prostitution around Poncol Station Semarang

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-36
Author(s):  
Andri Aditya Wicaksono ◽  
Yusuf Rizky Saefudin ◽  
Hafiz Ramadhan ◽  
Rico Alfian Pangestu ◽  
Ridwan Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Family Factors ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Sexual Deviation ◽  
Street Prostitution ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Prostitution is an anti-social sexual deviation because it violates the norms of decency, norms of decency, customary norms and religious norms. This prostitution occurs in society in the form carried out by a group or individual in an organized manner consisting of pimps, the purpose of getting wages or rewards from those who have used their services. there are two parties namely PSK (Commercial Sex Workers) and masher men as customers. In the Criminal Code (KUHP) only regulates pimps, not yet regulating PSK and its customers. This has an impact on the development of prostitution in people's lives. Prostitution is regulated in Article 296 and Article 506. There are various factors behind the occurrence of this prostitution, such as economic factors caused by economic pressures and life burdens, there are also social factors such as the social environment, and family factors due to divorce or family problems. This study aims to find out what factors underlie the phenomenon of a CSW and analyze based on the perspective of criminological law. This research is located at Semarang Poncol Station on Jalan Imam Bonjol Semarang. This research uses an empirical and qualitative juridical approach. The results of the research and discussion show that the author obtained, among others, can be explained through the formulation that we discussed, namely: The characteristics that exist in the perpetrators of street prostitution, the impact on prostitution, technicalities in transactions between customers and prostitutes, and theories justify the existence of deviations in prostitution.

scholarly journals The Sources of Organizational Gossips in Schools

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bünyamin Han
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
School Life ◽  
Organizational Functioning ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Unethical Behaviors ◽  
Descriptive Survey

Informal and evaluative speech about a person who is not present in a conversation environment is defined as gossip. Gossip is one of the informal forms of communication that is also important in school life, because schools have an intense network of communication. This research aims to detect the sources of organizational gossips in schools that have the potential to harm organizational functioning. A descriptive survey model was applied in the research. Gossip Sources Questionnaire (GSQ) prepared by the researcher was used to investigate the topic. In the research the factors causing gossips in schools are classified as; individual factors stemming from the people themselves, social factors arising from the social environment in which the individuals stay and organizational factors arising from the characteristics of the organizational structure of the workplace. According to the teacher views individual features such as jealousy, envy, unethical behaviors, curiosity, vanity and aimlessness are the most common sources of gossips in schools. At the end of the research, there are some suggestions for teachers and principals about coping techniques of organizational gossips.

TRANSFORMATION OF LABOR POTENTIAL OF COMPANY PERSONNEL UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF FACTORS OF THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-134
Author(s):  
Гришакова ◽  
Elena Grishakova
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Regional Labour Market ◽  
Labour Potential ◽  
Employment Potential ◽  
Labor Potential

The article is devoted to the problems of operation of employment potential of company personnel under regional labour market. The author presents social factors which influence employment potential of company personnel and offers means which can stimulate the realization of labour potential in the professional activity.

scholarly journals Social forces can impact the circadian clocks of cohabiting hamsters

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1779) ◽  
pp. 20132535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Paul ◽  
Premananda Indic ◽  
William J. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Daily Rhythms ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Temperature Rhythms ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Wavelet Analyses ◽  
Individual Body

A number of field and laboratory studies have shown that the social environment influences daily rhythms in numerous species. However, underlying mechanisms, including the circadian system's role, are not known. Obstacles to this research have been the inability to track and objectively analyse rhythms of individual animals housed together. Here, we employed temperature dataloggers to track individual body temperature rhythms of pairs of cohabiting male Syrian hamsters ( Mesocricetus auratus ) in constant darkness and applied a continuous wavelet transform to determine the phase of rhythm onset before, during, and after cohabitation. Cohabitation altered the predicted trajectory of rhythm onsets in 34% of individuals, representing 58% of pairs, compared to 12% of hamsters single-housed as ‘virtual pair’ controls. Deviation from the predicted trajectory was by a change in circadian period ( τ ), which tended to be asymmetric—affecting one individual of the pair in nine of 11 affected pairs—with hints that dominance might play a role. These data implicate a change in the speed of the circadian clock as one mechanism whereby social factors can alter daily rhythms. Miniature dataloggers coupled with wavelet analyses should provide powerful tools for future studies investigating the principles and mechanisms mediating social influences on daily timing.

Pathways to Agricultural Skill Development in the Indian Himalayas

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-292
Author(s):  
Trent Brown
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Skill Development ◽  
Local Power ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Transition To Agriculture ◽  
Indian Himalayas

Policymakers and practitioners in the field of skill development often carry individualist and narrowly instrumental understandings of the reasons people enrol in their programmes. This article argues that people in the Global South seek to develop skills for a range of reasons, many of which are strongly influenced by their social environment and factors outside of their control. It presents the findings of a study involving surveys and semi-structured interviews with 53 trainees enrolled in agricultural skill development programmes in the state of Himachal Pradesh in the Indian Himalayas. Trainees’ responses were analysed to determine common ‘pathways’ to agricultural skill development programmes. Seven major pathways were identified: supporting one’s family; adopting commercial approaches to agriculture; managing a transition to agriculture after working in other sectors; gaining new knowledge; contributing to society; working from home; and developing a fallback option while seeking other work. These pathways were highly inflected by gender, age and caste. It is suggested that agricultural skill development practitioners will benefit from working with these pathways rather than assuming trainees carry more economistic motivations, but also from being critically aware of how the social factors that impinge on trainees’ pathways are influenced by local power structures.

scholarly journals Role of the social factors in success of solar photovoltaic reuse and recycle programmes

Nature Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Walzberg ◽  
Alberta Carpenter ◽  
Garvin A. Heath
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Global Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
Realistic Assessment ◽  
Customer Attitudes

AbstractBy 2050, the cumulative mass of end-of-life photovoltaic (PV) modules may reach 80 Mt globally. The impacts could be mitigated by module recycling, repair and reuse; however, previous studies of PV circularity omit the consideration of critical social factors. Here we used an agent-based model to integrate social aspects with techno-economic factors, which provides a more realistic assessment of the circularity potential for previously studied interventions that assesses additional interventions that cannot be analysed using techno-economic analysis alone. We also performed a global sensitivity analysis using a machine-learning metamodel. We show that to exclude social factors underestimates the effect of lower recycling prices on PV material circularity, which highlights the relevance of considering social factors in future studies. Interventions aimed at changing customer attitudes about used PV boost the reuse of modules, although used modules can only satisfy one-third of the US demand during 2020–2050, which suggests that reuse should be complemented by recycling.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Social Environment on the Formation of Crime in Minors

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-292
Author(s):  
A. Chubarova
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Younger Generation ◽  
High Level

The article examines the influence of the social environment on the formation of juvenile delinquency, as well as the ways, methods and methods used to prevent juvenile delinquency. The analysis of the social conditions of juvenile delinquency is carried out. The article examines the social factors influencing the commission of crimes by minors, as a kind of criminological factors. The author’s research demonstrates that despite the quantitative decrease in juvenile delinquency, the latency of this group is still at a high level, which makes it necessary to minimize the criminalization of the younger generation. Based on the research materials, the main personal and victimological factors have been identified. In addition, the author considered the issue of the influence of the Internet on juvenile delinquency.

What Does It Mean to Be Social? Defining the Social Landscape for Children With Childhood Apraxia of Speech

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 843-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Tarshis ◽  
Michelle Garcia Winner ◽  
Pamela Crooke
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Social Goals ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Social Competencies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Landscape ◽  
Communication Challenges ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Speech Motor

Purpose What does it mean to be social? In addition, how is that different from behaving socially appropriately? The purpose of this clinical focus article is to tackle these two questions along with taking a deeper look into how communication challenges in childhood apraxia of speech impact social competencies for young children. Through the lens of early social development and social competency, this clinical focus article will explore how speech motor challenges can impact social development and what happens when young learners miss early opportunities to grow socially. While not the primary focus, the clinical focus article will touch upon lingering issues for individuals diagnosed with childhood apraxia of speech as they enter the school-aged years. Conclusion Finally, it will address some foundational aspects of intervention and offer ideas and suggestions for structuring therapy to address both speech and social goals.

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