scholarly journals The contribution of female health to economic development

2020 ◽  
Vol 130 (630) ◽  
pp. 1650-1677 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E Bloom ◽  
Michael Kuhn ◽  
Klaus Prettner
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Male Health ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Utility Gain ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Development Goals

Abstract We analyse the economic consequences for poor countries of investing in female health within a unified growth model featuring health-related gender differences in productivity. Better female health accelerates the demographic transition and thereby the take-off towards sustained economic growth. By contrast, male health improvements delay the transition and take-off because they tend to raise fertility. However, households tend to prefer male health improvements over female health improvements because they imply a larger static utility gain. This highlights the existence of a dynamic trade-off between the short-run interests of households and long-run development goals.

scholarly journals Impacts of Hosting Forced Migrants in Poor Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 439-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Maystadt ◽  
Kalle Hirvonen ◽  
Athur Mabiso ◽  
Joachim Vandercasteelen
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Humanitarian Assistance ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Disease Propagation ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Displaced People

Most of the world's displaced people are hosted in low-income countries. Focusing on evidence from poor countries, we review the literature on the economic consequences of hosting refugees or internally displaced people. In the short run, violence, environmental degradation, and disease propagation are major risks to the host populations. In the long run, infrastructure, trade, and labor markets are key channels that determine the impacts on host communities. These impacts can be positive or negative and often unequally distributed among different hosts. We discuss policy options for building resilience in the light of this evidence. Investments in road infrastructure and deepening trade with refugees’ countries of origin are strategies worth exploring for enhancing resilience and transitioning from humanitarian assistance toward development. Finally, we identify key knowledge gaps in this literature and formulate a research agenda for the near future.

Does educational progress impact energy consumption? A causality test for India

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumen Rej ◽  
Barnali Nag
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Educational Advancement ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Per Capita

Purpose Both energy and education have been positioned as priority objectives under the itinerary of UN development goals. Hence, it is necessary to address the implicit inter relationship between these two development goals in the context of developing nations such as India who are trying to grow in both per capita income and socio economic factors whilst struggling with the challenges of a severe energy supply constrained economy. Design/methodology/approach In the present study, the causal relationship between energy consumption per capita and education index (EI) as a proxy of educational advancement is investigated for India for 1990–2016 using the Johansen-Juselius cointegration test and vector error correction model. Findings The empirical results infer although energy consumption per capita and EI lack short run causality in either direction, existence of unidirectional long run causality from EI to per capita energy consumption is found for India. Further, it is observed that energy consumption per capita takes around four years to respond to unit shock in EI. Research limitations/implications The findings from this study imply that with the advancement of education, a rise in per capita energy consumption requirement can be foreseen on the demand side, and hence, India’s energy policy needs to emphasize further its sustainable energy supply goals to meet this additional demand coming from a population with better education facilities. Originality/value The authors hereby confirm that this manuscript is entirely their own original study and not submitted elsewhere.

scholarly journals Inflation and Unemployment Trade-off: Is Phillips Curve True for African Developing Countries? Evidence from Sudan

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer Allagabo Omer Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Phillips Curve ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Wage Inflation ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between wage inflation and unemployment (Phillips Curve) is controversial in economic thought, and the controversy is centered around whether there is always a trade-off or not. If this relationship is negative it is called The short-run Fillips Curve. However, in the long run, this relationship may probable not exist. The matter of how inflation and unemployment influence economic growth, is debatably among macroeconomic policymakers. This study examines the behavior of the Phillips Curve in Sudan and its effect on economic growth.

scholarly journals Stabilization Policies and Technological Shocks: Towards a Sustainable Economic Growth Path

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anelí Bongers ◽  
Carmen Díaz-Roldán
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Stabilization Policies ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth

The purpose of this paper is to explore the extent to which traditional economic policies can be oriented by sound practices. It is becoming widely accepted that sustainable economic growth (and not only economic growth) is the final target of economic policies, but some economic policies are applied just looking to the short-run without taking in account the long-run perspective. Our aim is to show how a sustainable economic policy-making would be possible, making compatible the stabilization of the economy in the short-run with a sustainable economic growth in the long-run. We confront the design of economic policies with the 17 goals of the 2030 Agenda. We argue that all sustainable development goals can be attained by the design and implementation of sustainable economic policies. Finally, to illustrate this point, we will conduct a simulation exercise to show under which combinations of demand policies technological shocks would promote a path of sustainable growth. Our results will provide a reference framework for a sustainable economic policy-making.

Welfare Consequences of the Six-Year Presidential Term Evaluated in the Context of a Model of the U.S. Economy

1983 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry W. Chappell ◽  
William R. Keech
Keyword(s):  
Government Spending ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Public Welfare ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The U.S

We evaluate the six-year presidential term proposal in the context of a model of the U.S. economy characterized by a short-run but not a long-run trade-off between inflation and unemployment. Votes and public welfare are separately conceptualized as functions of inflation and unemployment, which are indirectly controlled by the president through manipulation of government spending.In a series of simulation experiments, the vote-maximizing choice of policy instruments led to less we(fare loss with six- than with four-year terms under most conditions. Ironically, vote maximizing was shown to lead not only to short- and long-term welfare loss, but also to long-run political disadvantage.

scholarly journals Offshoring in a Ricardian World

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Rodríguez-Clare
Keyword(s):  
Poor Country ◽  
Rich Country ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Ricardian Model ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Aggregate Effects ◽  
The Rich

This paper proposes a Ricardian model to understand the short-run and long-run aggregate effects of increased fragmentation and offshoring on rich and poor countries. The short-run analysis shows that, when offshoring is sufficiently high, further increases in offshoring benefit the poor country and hurt the rich country. But these effects may be reversed in the long run as countries adjust their research efforts in response to increased offshoring. In particular, in the long run, the rich country always gains from increased offshoring, whereas poor countries see their static gains partially eroded by a decline in their research efforts. (JEL F12, F23, L24, M16)

scholarly journals The Political Implications of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphne Halikiopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Health Management ◽  
Health Economy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Emergency Measures

This chapter briefly examines the political implications of COVID-19, focusing on the potential constraints and opportunities it poses for populism. Some initial comparative observations suggest the following patterns. First, populists in opposition are likely to be weakened electorally in the short-run, as voters support non-populists on the basis of valence voting. Second, this may not apply to populists in power, who may use emergency measures for democratic backsliding. Third, in the long-run, a potential economic crisis as a result of the pandemic may benefit populist parties, especially those in opposition as discontent voters may punish those in government for the poor managing of the health/economy trade-off. In sum, what will determine the direction of future political developments is the extent to which governments can balance the trade-offs involved in the Covid-19 crisis, including effective health management versus economic growth and individual freedoms versus collective security.

scholarly journals Estimating the Nexus of Tourism on Sustainable Development Goals in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 751-771
Author(s):  
Ngozi Helen Oguchi ◽  
Fen Luo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Time Series Dataset ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Development Goals

Tourism industry has become one of the principal sources of economic growth and a viable platform of employment both in Africa and globally. Considering that economic growth and job creation are the focal points of sustainable development goals (SDGs), this study is focused on investigating the relationship they have with tourism in Nigeria. A gross domestic product (GDP) time series dataset is utilized to represent economic growth variable while, statistical data obtained from the WTTC is employed to denote Tourism revenues and arrivals in Nigeria. The study employed Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds test of cointegration, the Error Correction model and Granger causality tests to empirically examine the impacts tourism has on economic growth and employment in the LACKET states of Nigeria for the period between 1999 to 2019. Generally, the investigations indicate that both in the short - and long - run, tourism is positively related to economic growth and employment rate in Nigeria. However, regarding short -run relationship, a lower positive link of tourism revenue is recorded.

scholarly journals Trade Openness, FDI, and Economic Growth: Evidence from India and China

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishfaq Ahmad Thaku
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Viable Approach ◽  
India And China ◽  
Growth Hypothesis

In the era of globalisation, economic growth is considered as the most viable approach to achieve socio-economic development goals in developing economies. Consequently, the proponents of globalisation are vigorously advocating the enhancement of FDI and trade openness. In this context, the recent literature on economic growth in developing economies has mainly focused on relationship nexus of economic growth, trade openness and foreign direct investment (FDI). However, the numerous research studies carried out throughout the world have found mixed results, about the nexus between the stated constructs. Against this backdrop the present study has been undertaken to further analyse the nexus of economic growth, trade openness and FD in India and China. It has been found that in long-run, the results reveal support for both export-led and FDI-led economic growth hypothesis in India, whereas in China support was found only for FDI-led growth hypothesis. However, in short-run support for export-led growth was found only in case of China. However, in short-run support for export-led growth was found only in case of China.

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