scholarly journals Evidence against a geographic gradient of Alzheimer's disease and the hygiene hypothesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-144
Author(s):  
J Constance Lathe ◽  
Richard Lathe
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Hygiene Hypothesis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Geographic Gradient ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract A significant positive correlation was previously reported (Fox et al.Evol Med Public Health 2013; 2013:173–86) between hygiene and the global prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on World Health Organization (2004) data. These data have now been updated by the Global Burden of Disease (GBD; 2016) dataset that takes into account under-registration and other potential confounds. We therefore addressed whether the association between hygiene and AD is maintained in light of these more recent data. We report a significant positive correlation between GBD AD prevalence rates and parasite burden, and a negative association with hygiene. These newer data argue that hygiene is not a risk factor for AD, and instead suggest that parasite burden may increase AD risk. Lay summary: It was previously hypothesized that hygeine might be a risk factor for the development of Alzheimer disease (AD), based on a global gradient of dementia. Newer data that correct global AD rates for under-reporting now demonstrate that parasite burden is positively correlated with AD.

Machine Learning, Molecular Modeling and Qsar Studies of Natural Products against Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Érika Paiva de Moura ◽  
Natan Dias Fernandes ◽  
Alex France Messias Monteiro ◽  
Herbert Igor Rodrigues de Medeiros ◽  
Marcus Tullius Scotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship ◽  
World Health ◽  
Qsar Studies ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Gradual Loss ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a very common neurodegenerative disorder in individuals over 65 years of age, however, younger individuals can also be affected due to early brain damage. Introduction: The general symptoms of this disease include progressive loss of memory, changes in behavior, deterioration of thinking, and gradual loss of ability to perform daily activities. According to the World Health Organization, dementia has affected more than 50 million people worldwide, and it is estimated that there are 10 million new cases per year, of which 70% are due to AD. Methods: This paper reported a review of scientific articles available on the internet, which discussed in silico analyzes, such as molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) of different classes of natural products and their derivatives published from 2016 onwards. In addition, this work reports the potential of fermented papaya preparation against oxidative stress in AD. Results: With this research, it is expected that it will highlight the most recent studies about AD, the computational analysis methods used in proposing new bioactive and their possible molecular targets, and finally, the molecules or classes of natural products involved in each study. Conclusion: Thus, studies like this can orientate new works against neurodegenerative diseases, especially AD.

scholarly journals Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Potential of Various Sesquiterpene Analogues for Alzheimer’s Disease Therapy

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 350
Author(s):  
Ashwani Arya ◽  
Rubal Chahal ◽  
Rekha Rao ◽  
Md. Habibur Rahman ◽  
Deepak Kaushik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cholinergic Transmission ◽  
Disease Therapy ◽  
Inhibitory Potential ◽  
Health Organization

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a gradually growing irreversible illness of the brain that almost affects every fifth person (aged > 80 years) in the world. World Health Organization (WHO) also revealed that the prevalence of this disease will enhance (upto double) significantly upto 2030. The poor cholinergic transmission at the synapse is considered to be one of the main reasons behind the progression and occurrence of this disorder. Natural inhibitors of acetylcholine (ACh) such as galanthamine and rivastigmine are used commercially in the treatmentof AD. The biomolecules such assesquiterpenes, possess a great structural diversity and are responsible for a plethora of pharmacological properties. The potential of various sesquiterpenes as anticholinesterase has been reviewed in this article. For this purpose, the various databases, mainly PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were investigatedwith different keywords such as “sesquiterpenes+acetylcholinesterase” and “sesquiterpenes+cholinesterase+inhibitors” in the surveyed time frame (2010–2020). A vast literature was evident in the last decade, which affirms the potential of various sesquiterpenes in the improvement of cholinergic transmission by inhibiting the AChE. After data analysis, it was found that 12 compounds out of a total of 58 sesquiterpenes were reported to possess IC50 < 9μM and can be considered as potential candidates for the improvement of learning and memory. Sesquiterpene is an important category of terpenoids, found to possess a large spectrum of biological activities. The outcome of the review clearly states that sesquiterpenes (such as amberboin, lipidiol,etc) from herbs could offer fresh, functional compounds for possible prevention and treatment of AD.

scholarly journals A STUDY FOR COMPARISON OF CAREGIVER BURDEN AND BEHAVIORAL AND PSYCHOTIC SYMPTOMS IN FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA AND ALZHEIMER’S DEMENTIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirad Yadav ◽  
Sanjay Jain ◽  
Richa Jain
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Behavioral Problem ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric Clinic ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Dementia Patients

Background:  Dementia is a syndrome that results in the progressive deterioration of cortical functioning including comprehension, memory and thinking. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia accounting for 50-75% and Front temporal dementia (FTD) around 5-10% of dementia cases. Behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD) form a major part of the presentation of the dementia patients at psychiatric clinic and play a crucial role in caregiver distress which in turn is a major determinant of welfare of dementia patients in society. Objective:  Present study is to compare care giver burden and BPSD in patients with FTD and AD. Method:  We compared 41 patients’, of which 15 of FTD and 26 of AD with respect to the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), Hindi Mental State Examination (HMSE) and Zarit Burden Inventory (ZBI) at SMS Medical College, Jaipur. Results: FTD patients obtained a significantly higher NPI behavioral score And ZBI than AD patients and mean value of HMSE is higher in FTD than AD. Significant positive correlation between NPI and ZBI is observed in both groups. Significant positive correlation between HMSE and ZBI is found in FTD obtained, Conclusion: More behavioral problem in FTD makes it difficult for patient’s caregiver to manage patients at home this leads to rapid institutionalization, although severity of dementia is less. Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, Front temporal dementia, BPSD, Caregiver Burden

Pakistan

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nasar Sayeed Khan ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal Afridi ◽  
Afzel Javed
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Pakistan is one of the largest and most populated nations of South Asia and ranked sixth among the most crowded countries in the world, with a population exceeding 196 million. Because of a lack of research and the cultural setting, it is exceptionally hard to obtain an exact number of individuals suffering from dementia. However, the extrapolated prevalence of people with dementia in Pakistan is around 200,000. Compared to developed countries, only 4.2% of the Pakistani population are aged above 65 years, possibly due to an average life expectancy of 66 years for both genders . Although no specific data on elderly people with dementia in Pakistan are available, it is estimated that 8–10% of the general population aged above 65 years suffer from chronic memory loss. According to the latest 2014 World Health Organization data, Alzheimer’s disease/dementia-related deaths in Pakistan reached a total of 1776 or 0.16% of total deaths. Pakistan currently has the largest generation of young people ever recorded in its history, who will be at risk for dementia and Alzheimer’s disease by 2050, at which time, life expectancy would be expected to continue rising. Thus, the economic burden of treating patients with Alzheimer’s disease and other types of dementia will increase considerably.

Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (S1) ◽  
pp. 5-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Reisberg ◽  
Alistair Burns
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
European Federation ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Special Meeting

This issue on the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the product of a special meeting of the International Psychogeriatric Association with the cosponsorship of Alzheimer's Disease International, the European Federation of Neurological Societies, the World Health Organization, and the World Psychiatric Association. The meeting was held in Geneva, Switzerland, from November 10 to 12, 1996. Participants included many of the leading experts on the various aspects of AD diagnosis as well as clinical experts, general experts in the field of AD, organizational representatives, and outstanding clinician-scientists who served as facilitators and in other capacities.

scholarly journals Lavender as treatment of Alzheimer's disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 481-491
Author(s):  
Sheila Nedel ◽  
Jerônimo Branco ◽  
Carina Boeck ◽  
Aline Ferreira Ourique
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
World Health ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Brain

Neurodegenerative diseases affect the grey matter of the brain and secondarily the functions related to the white matter, with aging being one of the main responsible for their development. Among neurodegenerative diseases, dementia stands out, which has been considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a public health priority since 2012 due to its high prevalence. It is believed that degeneration of the cholinergic system in the hippocampus and cortex is closely related to cognitive deficits in dementia. Among the forms of treatment for dementia, aromatherapy stands out, which is part of phytotherapy and uses extracts and essential oils extracted from different organs of aromatic plants, and frequently administered via inhalation or topical application. Lavender is one of these plants and has traditionally been used to treat memory dysfunction. Thus, the present study sought to verify in the literature research using Lavandula as a form of treatment for neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer's disease. The search for the studies took place in January 2020, in the electronic database Web of Science. 42 articles were found, of which 13 adequately met the inclusion criteria. It can be concluded with this review, that both the extract and the essential oil of different lavender species have positive influences on memory formation, as well as on the improvement of cognitive function, especially in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

scholarly journals Alzheimer's Disease International

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-23
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Rimmer
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
International Federation ◽  
World Health ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Alzheimer's Disease International (ADI) is the international federation of 75 Alzheimer associations throughout the world and is in official relations with the World Health Organization. ADI was established to raise awareness about dementia, strengthen Alzheimer associations and provide a platform for the exchange of knowledge with the ultimate goal of improving the quality of life of people with dementia and their families.

scholarly journals Small-Molecule Inhibitors of GSK-3: Structural Insights and Their Application to Alzheimer's Disease Models

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Kramer ◽  
Boris Schmidt ◽  
Fabio Lo Monte
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
World Health ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Health Organization

The world health organization (WHO) estimated that 18 million people are struck by Alzheimer's disease (AD). The USA, France, Germany, and other countries launched major programmes targeting the identification of risk factors, the improvement of caretaking, and fundamental research aiming to postpone the onset of AD. The glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is implicated in multiple cellular processes and has been linked to the pathogenesis of several diseases including diabetes mellitus, cancer, and AD. Inhibition of GSK-3 leads to neuroprotective effects, decreasedβ-amyloid production, and a reduction in tau hyperphosphorylation, which are all associated with AD. Various classes of small molecule GSK-3 inhibitors have been published in patents and original publications. Herein, we present a comprehensive summary of small molecules reported to interact with GSK-3. We illustrate the interactions of the inhibitors with the active site. Furthermore, we refer to the biological characterisation in terms of activity and selectivity for GSK-3, elucidatein vivostudies and pre-/clinical trials.

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