Investors’ impact on Czech farmland prices: a microstructural analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarmila Curtiss ◽  
Ladislav Jelínek ◽  
Tomáš Medonos ◽  
Martin Hruška ◽  
Silke Hüttel
Keyword(s):  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Price Formation ◽  
Hedonic Price ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Farmland Prices ◽  
High Level ◽  
Relative Differences ◽  
Over Time

Abstract This paper analyses farmland price formation under investors’ increased demand in the Czech Republic from 2008 to 2014. We adopt a stochastic metafrontier approach to hedonic price modelling and investigate the relative differences in farm and investor pricing. Our results provide evidence of buyer group-specific land valuations, asymmetric price dispersions and their temporal changes. These changes reflect the developments of market microstructures and market-supporting institutions induced by buyer competition. While initially significantly lower due to high market and bargaining power, prices paid by corporate/cooperative farms converged with high-level investor prices over time. Individual and family farms were largely unable to compete at the new price levels.

scholarly journals Effect of water features proximity on farmland prices in a landlocked country: the consequences for planning

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 18-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sekáč ◽  
M. Šálek ◽  
A. Wranová ◽  
P. Kumble ◽  
P. Sklenička
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources Planning ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Land Prices ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Real Estate Brokers ◽  
Farmland Prices ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Resources Planning ◽  
Significant Factors

Conversion of farmland to non-farm uses significantly influences the spatial variability of farmland prices. We tested 12 factors of land prices that experienced real estate brokers indicated to be the most important determinants for the conversion of farmland to non-agricultural use. Five factors can be described as landscape, four as geographic, and three as climatic explanatory variables influencing farmland prices. Our results indicate that the two most powerful factors in explaining the sales price per square metre were proximity to a river and proximity to a lake. In both cases, the price of land diminished significantly with the increasing distance from the edge of water bodies, so the prices in their immediate vicinity are 3.5 to 3.7 times higher than the prices of similar lands more than 5 km from the edge of a water body. The other significant factors were population size of the nearest municipality and percentage representation of forest. The fact that the two most powerful factors indicate the distance to a river, brook, lake or pond shows how important are these freshwater features as determinants of farmland prices in a landlocked country such as the Czech Republic, where this study was performed. The consequences of this finding for water resources planning and management are discussed.

scholarly journals Wage bargaining as an optimal control problem: a dynamic version of the efficient bargaining model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Guerrazzi
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Continuous Time ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Wage Bargaining ◽  
Bargaining Model ◽  
Speed Of Convergence ◽  
Wage Setting ◽  
Dynamic Version ◽  
Efficient Bargaining ◽  
Over Time

AbstractIn this paper, I develop a dynamic version of the efficient bargaining model grounded on optimal control in which a firm and a union bargain over the wage in a continuous-time environment under the supervision of an infinitely lived mediator. Overturning the findings achieved by means of a companion right-to-manage framework, I demonstrate that when employment is assumed to adjust itself with some attrition in the direction of the contract curve implied by the preferences of the two bargainers, increases in the bargaining power of the firm (union) accelerate (delay) the speed of convergence towards the stationary solution. In addition, confirming the reversal of the results obtained when employment moves over time towards the firm’s labour demand, I show that the dynamic negotiation of wages tends to penalize unionized workers and favour the firm with respect to the bargaining outcomes retrieved with a similar static wage-setting model.

scholarly journals Enhancing main fermentation velocities in beer by the use of a membrane bioreactor – approach and preliminary results (membrane bioreactor beer)

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (s1) ◽  
pp. 121-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Stumpf ◽  
Stefan Schildbach
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Membrane Technology ◽  
Gas Jet ◽  
Fermentation Processes ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Module Design ◽  
Continuous Basis ◽  
Membrane Flux ◽  
High Level ◽  
Over Time

The potential of the most recent membrane technology is still unaccounted for in many respects. Combining fermentation with up-to-date membrane technology building a membrane bioreactor allows the adjustment of the cell count on a high level, increasing yield per volume and time. Applied to beer manufacturing, main fermentation times of less than 20 h seem possible, avoiding the disadvantages of already known accelerated fermentation processes operated on a continuous basis. Although module design was adapted and backwash procedure altered to gas-jet, maintaining a sufficient membrane flux over time still poses a major problem. Nevertheless, preliminary results in respect of beer quality look promising.

scholarly journals Co-occurrence of Hyperacusis Accelerates With Tinnitus Burden Over Time and Requires Medical Care

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Refat ◽  
Jakob Wertz ◽  
Pauline Hinrichs ◽  
Uwe Klose ◽  
Hesham Samy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Neural Correlate ◽  
Hearing Thresholds ◽  
Causal Therapy ◽  
Advanced Therapies ◽  
High Level ◽  
Neural Gain ◽  
Over Time

Although tinnitus represents a major global burden, no causal therapy has yet been established. Ongoing controversies about the neuronal pathophysiology of tinnitus hamper efforts in developing advanced therapies. Hypothesizing that the unnoticed co-occurrence of hyperacusis and differences in the duration of tinnitus may possibly differentially influence the neural correlate of tinnitus, we analyzed 33 tinnitus patients without (T-group) and 20 tinnitus patients with hyperacusis (TH-group). We found crucial differences between the T-group and the TH-group in the increase of annoyance, complaints, tinnitus loudness, and central neural gain as a function of tinnitus duration. Hearing thresholds did not differ between T-group and TH-group. In the TH-group, the tinnitus complaints (total tinnitus score) were significantly greater from early on and the tinnitus intensity distinctly increased over time from ca. 12 to 17 dB when tinnitus persisted more than 5 years, while annoyance responses to normal sound remained nearly constant. In contrast, in the T-group tinnitus complaints remained constant, although the tinnitus intensity declined over time from ca. 27 down to 15 dB beyond 5 years of tinnitus persistence. This was explained through a gradually increased annoyance to normal sound over time, shown by a hyperacusis questionnaire. Parallel a shift from a mainly unilateral (only 17% bilateral) to a completely bilateral (100%) tinnitus percept occurred in the T-group, while bilateral tinnitus dominated in the TH-group from the start (75%). Over time in the T-group, ABR wave V amplitudes (and V/I ratios) remained reduced and delayed. By contrast, in the TH-group especially the ABR wave III and V (and III/I ratio) continued to be enhanced and shortened in response to high-level sound stimuli. Interestingly, in line with signs of an increased co-occurrence of hyperacusis in the T-group over time, ABR wave III also slightly increased in the T-group. The findings disclose an undiagnosed co-occurrence of hyperacusis in tinnitus patients as a main cause of distress and the cause of complaints about tinnitus over time. To achieve urgently needed and personalized therapies, possibly using the objective tools offered here, a systematic sub-classification of tinnitus and the co-occurrence of hyperacusis is recommended.

scholarly journals Sequence Braiding: Visual Overviews of Temporal Event Sequences and Attributes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Di Bartolomeo ◽  
Yixuan Zhang ◽  
Fangfang Sheng ◽  
Cody Dunne
Keyword(s):  
Completion Time ◽  
Source Code ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Event Sequences ◽  
Sentinel Events ◽  
Temporal Events ◽  
High Level ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Temporal Event Sequences

Temporal event sequence alignment has been used in many domains to visualize nuanced changes and interactions over time. Existing approaches align one or two sentinel events. Overview tasks require examining all alignments of interest using interaction and time or juxtaposition of many visualizations. Furthermore, any event attribute overviews are not closely tied to sequence visualizations. We present SEQUENCE BRAIDING, a novel overview visualization for temporal event sequences and attributes using a layered directed acyclic network.SEQUENCE BRAIDING visually aligns many temporal events and attribute groups simultaneously and supports arbitrary ordering, absence, and duplication of events. In a controlled experiment we compare SEQUENCE BRAIDING and IDMVis on user task completion time, correctness, error, and confidence. Our results provide good evidence that users of SEQUENCE BRAIDING can understand high-level patterns and trends faster and with similar error. A full version of this paper with all appendices;the evaluation stimuli, data, and analysis code; and source code are available at osf.io/s92bu.

scholarly journals Exploring citizen science in post-socialist space: Uncovering its hidden character in the Czech Republic

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbora Duží ◽  
Robert Osman ◽  
Jiří Lehejček ◽  
Eva Nováková ◽  
Pavel Taraba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Representation ◽  
Science Projects ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
Search Approach ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Citizen science is a relatively new phenomenon in the Czech Republic and currently a general overview of existing citizen science projects is not available. This presents the challenge to uncover the ‘hidden’ citizen science landscapes. The main objective of this paper is to explore the (public) representation of citizen science (CS) projects and to describe their heterogeneity. The study aims to answer the question of what type of projects in the Czech Republic meet the definition of citizen science. Based on a specific methodological data-base search approach, we compiled a set of CS projects (N = 73). During the classification process, two general citizen science categories were identified. The first group (N = 46) consists of “pure” CS projects with a prevalence towards the natural sciences, principally ornithology, and thus corresponding to general European trends. Citizens usually participate in such research in the form of data collection and basic interpretation, and a high level of cooperation between academia and NGOs was detected. The second group of “potential” CS projects (N = 27) entails various forms of public participation in general, frequently coordinated by NGOs. Based on these results, we discuss the position of citizen science in the Czech Republic, including socially-oriented citizen science. Further research is strongly encouraged to achieve a more in-depth insight into this social phenomenon.

scholarly journals Spatial modelling of assumption of tourism development with geographic IT using

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 279-294
Author(s):  
Jitka Machalová ◽  
Ida Vajčnerová ◽  
Kateřina Ryglová
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Spatial Modelling ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
High Level

The aim of this article is to show the possibilities of spatial modelling and analysing of assumptions of tourism development in the Czech Republic with the objective to make decision-making processes in tourism easier and more efficient (for companies, clients as well as destination managements). The development and placement of tourism depend on the factors (conditions) that influence its application in specific areas. These factors are usually divided into three groups: selective, localization and realization. Tourism is inseparably connected with space – countryside. The countryside can be modelled and consecutively analysed by the means of geographical information technologies. With the help of spatial modelling and following analyses the localization and realization conditions in the regions of the Czech Republic have been evaluated. The best localization conditions have been found in the Liberecký region. The capital city of Prague has negligible natural conditions; however, those social ones are on a high level. Next, the spatial analyses have shown that the best realization conditions are provided by the capital city of Prague. Then the Central-Bohemian, South-Moravian, Moravian-Silesian and Karlovarský regions follow. The development of tourism destination is depended not only on the localization and realization factors but it is basically affected by the level of local destination management. Spatial modelling can help destination managers in decision-making processes in order to optimal use of destination potential and efficient targeting their marketing activities.

scholarly journals KAJIAN KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH INDONESIA DALAM PERDAGANGAN CPO INDONESIA MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN ANALISIS INTEGRASI PASAR

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-170
Author(s):  
Dian Hafizah
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
International Market ◽  
Spot Market ◽  
World Market ◽  
Product Diversification ◽  
Price Formation ◽  
Future Market ◽  
Price Determination ◽  
Crude Palm Oil

Crude Palm Oil (CPO) is one of important commodity for Indonesia. Indonesia is the biggest producers of CPO in the world, and the second exporter after Malaysia.  Despite the fact that Indonesia and Malaysia are mayor CPO exporters, CPO traders determine CPO price in spot market. As a result, Indonesian and Malaysian producers often face price volatilites. Indonesian traders do not have bargaining power in the price determination. On other hands, domestik demands for CPO grow up.  For that reason,  The Indonesian goverment must take a policy to guarantee the fulfilment of CPO needs.  The objective of research are (1) to describe the Indonesian policy in CPO trade that integrated with World market in Rotterdam and Malaysian Market and (2) to formulate the policy implication of CPO price formation in Indonesia. The research showed that Indonesia act as price taker, this is because Indonesian goverment has no bargaining power to determine price in domestic - and international market. To solving the problem is important for goverment to develop CPO’s future market and create product diversification for CPO. Keywords: Crude Palm Oil, Goverment Policy, Price, Integration market  

Corruption control and prevention in the Korean government

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Wook Choi
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Institution Building ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Korean Government ◽  
Policies And Measures ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
High Level ◽  
Over Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how corruption has changed over time in South Korea and to explore how the corruption control and prevention efforts of the Korean government have been successful and failed. Design/methodology/approach This paper draws on institutional theory to formulate a qualitative analysis to assess the effectiveness of anti-corruption policies and measures, and to identify the strengths and weaknesses of anti-corruption reform efforts in South Korea. Findings This paper argues that while the Korean government has been quite successful in building anti-corruption institutions to control low-level petty corruption, it has failed to institutionalize anti-corruption institutions to curb high-level grand corruption. Originality/value While many studies have attempted to identify the successful factors of fighting corruption, this paper draws a theoretical distinction between institution-building vs institutionalization to examine the success and failure of corruption control and prevention efforts in South Korea.

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