Overview of laws and regulations aimed at protecting the hearing of patrons within entertainment venues

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Francis Beach ◽  
Johannes Mulder ◽  
Ian O’Brien ◽  
Robert Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Sound Level ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sound Exposure ◽  
Sound Levels ◽  
The World ◽  
Regulatory Measures ◽  
Music Venues ◽  
Hearing Damage ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Abstract Background Recreational noise—specifically loud music experienced at music venues—has been recognized as a hazard for hearing damage and associated pathologies such as tinnitus. In Europe and other countries around the world, there is a range of regulatory and legislative approaches to managing the sound levels and minimizing the risk of hearing damage for those attending music venues. It is important to have an understanding of these different approaches to inform the development of future regulations and legislation. Methods In December 2018, an online search of legislative instruments was conducted, and we identified 18 items that were aimed at protecting the hearing of people attending entertainment venues. Results Twelve documents were from European jurisdictions and the remainder were from cities or states of North and South America. The regulatory measures included in the documents ranged from sound level limitations, real-time sound exposure monitoring, mandatory supply of protective devices, requirements for signage and warnings, loudspeaker placement restrictions and the provision of ‘quiet spaces’. Conclusions European countries are well advanced in terms of providing legislation and other regulatory documents aimed at protecting people at entertainment venues when compared with the rest of the world. Future research is required to assess the effectiveness of these regulatory measures in reducing the risk associated with sound exposure at music venues.

IV.—The Geological Development, Descent and Distribution of the Mammalia

1893 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 401-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl A. von Zittel
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
The Past ◽  
Limited Experience ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
North And South America ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
North And South ◽  
Animal World

In a spirited treatise on the ‘Origin of our Animal World’ Prof. L. Rütimeyer, in the year 1867, described the geological development and distribution of the mammalia, and the relationship of the different faunas of the past with each other and with that now existing. Although, since the appearance of that masterly sketch the palæontological material has been, at least, doubled through new discoveries in Europe and more especially in North and South America, this unexpected increase has in most instances only served as a confirmation of the views which Rutimeyer advanced on more limited experience. At present, Africa forms the only great gap in our knowledge of the fossil mammalia; all the remaining parts of the world can show materials more or less abundantly, from which the course followed by the mammalia in their geological development can be traced with approximate certainty.

The Edinburgh Companion to Virginia Woolf and Contemporary Global Literature

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Studies ◽  
East Europe ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
North And South America ◽  
Multiple Languages ◽  
North And South

This book considers the global responses Woolf’s work has inspired and her worldwide impact. The 23 chapters address the ways Woolf is received by writers, publishers, academics, reading audiences, and students in countries around the world; how she is translated into multiple languages; and how her life is transformed into global contemporary biofiction. The 24 authors hail from regions around the world: West and East Europe, the Middle East/North Africa, North and South America, East Asia and the Pacific Islands. They write about Woolf’s reception in Ireland, France, Italy, Germany, Poland, Estonia, Russia, Egypt, Kenya, Mexico, Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil, the United States, China, Japan and Australia. The Edinburgh Companion is dialogic and comparative, incorporating both transnational and local tendencies insofar as they epitomise Woolf’s global reception and legacy. It contests the ‘centre’ and ‘periphery’ binary, offering new models for Woolf global studies and promoting cross-cultural understandings.

“Stay and Starve, Or Go and Prosper!” Juvenile Emigration from Great Britain in the Nineteenth Century

1985 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-166
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
South America ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Equable Climate ◽  
Strategic Location ◽  
The World ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

The nineteenth century saw the beginning of large-scale migration of population from western Europe to various countries of the world. North and South America had proven hospitable in previous centuries and the southern tip of Africa presented an equable climate as well as strategic location. The islands of the southern seas reached by Cook and Van Diemen proved equally attractive if more remote. In retrospect it seems inevitable that, with the exception of South America, they were bound to be English-speaking. Even South America had its British farming colonists at one stage. In 1826 just under two hundred Highland Scots embarked for Topo in the highlands of Colombia (United Kingdom, 1827). Significantly, one hundred and two of them were under fourteen years of age.

scholarly journals Analysis of poultry meat production volume in Serbia from 1984. to 2009

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 269-278
Author(s):  
Natasa Glamoclija ◽  
Aleksandar Drljacic ◽  
Milorad Mirilovic ◽  
Radmila Markovic ◽  
Jelena Ivanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Annual Increase ◽  
Pork Production ◽  
The World ◽  
Young Chicken ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South ◽  
Constant Growth

Poultry meat production has doubled in past 40 years in the world, with the tendency of constant growth, and its production volume exceeds beef, but is behind pork production. For poultry meat production it is typical that its annual increase exceeds pork as well as beef production. The biggest producers of poultry meat are Asia, North and South America and Europe. The most significant category of poultry is meat of young chicken (broilers). Cobb, Ross and Hubbard broiler provenance are most common in Serbia. The objective of this investigation was to analyse poultry meat production volume in Serbia, observed during three six-years periods - A (1984-1989), B (1994-1999) i C (2004-2009). For data processing there were used the data obtained from Statistical Yearbooks of Serbia from 1984. to 2009. It was found out that average poultry meat production in period A was 108,33 ? 7,00 thousand tonnes, than it statistically significantly decreased and in period B it was 76,67?5,54 thousand tonnes, and finally in period C it was 72,17? 5,78 thousand tonnes.

3. A global art history?

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-62
Author(s):  
Dana Arnold
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Art History ◽  
Artistic Practice ◽  
Western Art ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Yuan Dynasty ◽  
North And South America ◽  
Global Art ◽  
North And South

Are the practices of Western art history appropriate for the study of art from cultures outside its geographical boundaries and conventional timeframe? The bias in this interpretation of the subject opens up the questions of the importance of the canon in art history and how we view non-figurative, primitive, and naive art. ‘A global art history?’ considers a range of different examples of artistic practice from around the world, including the sculpture of the Dogon people of Mali and the calligraphy of Wu Zhen, who was active during the Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368). It also discusses what is meant by the ‘primitive’ arts of Oceania, Africa, and North and South America.

scholarly journals The Requests of Syrians in America to End the Enduring Indifference of the Ottoman Authorities

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 113-128
Author(s):  
Paola Viviani
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Western Society ◽  
The World ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South ◽  
Insight Into

The migration of Syrians to America in the 19th and 20th centuries is a major issue which has been widely covered in both fictional and non-fictional literature. Over the same period, many Arab magazines were founded both in North and South America, or “migrated” to those countries. An example is al-Jāmiʿa, which was relocated from Alexandria, Egypt, to New York in 1906, where its founder, the renowned intellectual Faraḥ Anṭūn, was able to undertake a profound study of Western society. Not only did this give him a better insight into that society, but also helped him to better understand the critical issues in his native milieu and the tensions between Turks and Arabs, which often came to the fore, especially when the latter expected the former to help them through important phases of their social, civil, and economic life even in the land they migrated to. This paper analyses an article in al-Jāmiʿa by Nāṣīf Shiblī Damūs, previously published in the epony-mous newspaper, in which Syrian migrants in the United States, with Anṭūn supporting them, lament the indifference of the Ottoman authorities toward them and put forward a number of specific requests, using the magazine as a means of making themselves heard by the entire Arab and Ottoman community throughout the world.

scholarly journals (In)Fertile Ground? Social Forum Activism in its Regional and Local Dimension

2010 ◽  
pp. 6-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Smith ◽  
Elizabeth Smythe
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Politics ◽  
World Social Forum ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Fertile Ground ◽  
Comparative Case Studies ◽  
Spatial Terms ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Since its inception in 2001 World Social Forum (WSF) has grown in numbers and drawn activists from all areas of the globe. It has also spawned a myriad of social forums around the world. But the pattern of participation within the WSF global event or within other forums has not been evenly spread in geographic or spatial terms. This chapter examines how and why social forum activism emerged in some places and not others. We map the social forum from the first WSF in 2001 through its proliferation and fragmentation over time as it has taken root at various levels—continental, national, regional and local. Then we provide comparative case studies of sub-global forums drawn from North and South America, Europe and Africa. We also compare different manifestations of social “forumism” along a number of dimensions. Drawing on comparative politics and its emphasis on the specifics of place and the role of context we discuss these patterns and the factors that might account for why these forms of resistance find barren or fertile ground around the world.

scholarly journals University Marching Band Members Noise Dosages and Hearing Health-Related Knowledge

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11497
Author(s):  
Nilesh J. Washnik ◽  
Jeffrey A. Russell ◽  
Ishan Bhatt ◽  
Rebecca Meier ◽  
Olivia Chuzie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Level ◽  
Marching Band ◽  
Band Director ◽  
Sound Exposure ◽  
Band Students ◽  
Sound Levels ◽  
Dose Limits ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Hearing Health ◽  
High Sound

Objectives: (1) To measure sound exposures of marching band and non-marching band students during a football game, (2) to compare these to sound level dose limits set by NIOSH, and (3) to assess the perceptions of marching band students about their hearing health risk from loud sound exposure and their use of hearing protection devices (HPDs). Methods: Personal noise dosimetry was completed on six marching band members and the band director during rehearsals and performances. Dosimetry measurements for two audience members were collected during the performances. Noise dose values were calculated using NIOSH criteria. One hundred twenty-three marching band members responded to a questionnaire analyzing perceptions of loud music exposure, the associated hearing health risks, and preventive behavior. Results: Noise dose values exceeded the NIOSH recommended limits among all six marching band members during rehearsals and performances. Higher sound levels were recorded during performances compared to rehearsals. The audience members were not exposed to hazardous levels. Most marching band members reported low concern for health effects from high sound exposure and minimal use of HPDs. Conclusion: High sound exposure and low concern regarding hearing health among marching band members reflect the need for comprehensive hearing conservation programs for this population.

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