scholarly journals Impact of Danish ban of industrial produced trans fatty acids on serum cholesterol levels 1993-2006

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Bjornsboe ◽  
M U Jakobsen ◽  
A Bysted ◽  
S Fagt ◽  
T Christensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Regulatory Interventions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Industrially produced trans fatty acids (ITFA) increase the LDL:HDL ratio and hereby the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, ITFA has been reduced in Western Europe over the last decades but is still high in Eastern Europe and in subgroups of the EU population. Regulatory interventions are the only way to minimize ITFA intake for all. The Danish ITFA ban (2004) can elucidate the impact of elimination of ITFA on CVD. In Denmark cardiac mortality declined by 70% through 1980-2009. Data on ITFA intake and blood lipids from the 1990s, where the average Danish ITFA intake was about 3 g/d, and up to today are needed to study the correlation between intake of ITFA and serum cholesterol (CHOL). The Danish food composition databank has been updated with TFA intake values. Hereby the correlation between ITFA intake and CHOL level in Denmark from 1993 -2006 can be investigated. Methods Ecological analyses of ITFA and CHOL in participants from 3 cohorts: Diet, Cancer and Health (1993-1997); n = 57,054; 50-64 yrInter99 (1999-2001); n = 6,784, 30-60 yrHealth 2006 (2006); n = 3,471, 18-69 yr Results ITFA-intake was 0.02 g/d in Inter99. Data will be extended to include ITFA intake data of all cohorts as well as age adjusted correlations with CHOL. Mean CHOL all men (n = 31,675) declined from 6.3 ± 1.0 in 1993 to 5.4± 1.0 in 2006 Mean CHOL all women (n = 34,675) declined from 6.6 ± 1.5 in 1993 to 5.4± 1.1 in 2006 Similar declines were found in participants without self-reported hypercholesterolemia: Mean CHOL men (n = 28,999) declined from 6.1 ± 0.9 in 1993 to 5.1± 1.0 in 2006 Mean CHOL women (n = 32,593) declined from 6.5 ± 1.5 in 1993 to 5.2± 1.1 in 2006 There was a significant decrease in CHOL (p < 0.0001) from 1993, where average Danish intake of ITFA was about 3 g/d to 2006 where ITFA was banned Conclusions Data show a non-treatment related significant decline in CHOL. Data from 2000 and 2006 are collected in younger populations, which may explain lower CHOL levels. Key messages Cholesterol decline significantly in Danish participants simultaneously with ITFA elimination. Results are important for decision makers in countries which consider ITFA regulation.

Effects of chronic treatment with carbutamide on distribution and biosynthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol in obese-hyperglycemic mice

1959 ◽  
Vol 196 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Christophe ◽  
Jean Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Chronic Treatment ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Sugar Levels

Oral treatment with carbutamide (BZ-55) for 7 weeks (2.5 gm/kg of ground chow) left the food intake and rate of weight gain of obese-hyperglycemic mice and lean littermates unmodified as compared with untreated controls. Obese-hyperglycemic animals, after 49 days of treatment showed the usual distribution and rate of biosynthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol in the liver and carcass. Liver hypertrophy, marked increase in serum cholesterol levels and lack of improvement of the ‘diabetes’ were also observed in these animals. Lean littermates similarly treated showed no modification in the distribution of fatty acids and cholesterol and in the biosynthesis of fatty acids in the liver and carcass. An increase in hepatic cholesterologenesis, liver hypertrophy, some increase in serum cholesterol levels and a small but significant increase in the blood sugar levels were noticed.

scholarly journals Impact assessment of the TFA regulation on fatty acid composition of foods in Hungary

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Varga ◽  
E Sarkadi Nagy ◽  
L Zámbó ◽  
É Illés ◽  
M Bakacs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
World Health ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Trans fatty acids are formed during the industrial processing of food, and are proven to be harmful for the human body. They have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, abdominal obesity, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. Decree 71/2013. (XI. 20.) of the Ministry of Human Capacities, which has been in force since 2014, defines the highest permitted amount of trans fats in food products placed on the market in Hungary. The impact of the decree on the industrially produced trans fatty acids (iTFA) availability and population intake was assessed in 2017. Results demonstrated that iTFA were replaced by other fatty acids due to the legislation. In 2019, we investigated food groups which had high measured TFA content before the regulation entered into force and compared the total fat and fatty acid profiles to the same brand or similar products being on the market afterwards. In collaboration with the World Health Organization, this was the first assessment to determine to which extent manufacturers increased saturated fat (SFA) content of foodstuffs to reduce iTFA content. In those product groups, which were identified as significant food sources of iTFA before introducing the regulation (biscuits, coffee creamers and flavorings, sweets, bakery products, confectionary, wafers, margarines) we found no significant changes in the total fat content, while in most foodstuffs the average proportion of SFA was higher after reformulation, as iTFA were mainly substituted with SFA in 61% of the products, with cis-MUFA in 25% and cis-PUFA in 14% of the products, respectively. Evidence from this analysis supports concerns that eliminating iTFA in certain foodstuffs leads to unwanted substitution with saturated fat, hence reducing the possible health benefits. Given the high SFA intake and the unfavourable cardiovascular statistics in Hungary, the consumption frequency and portion size control of these products are advised. Key messages Monitoring the changes of food composition is important in order to evaluate the effect of the regulation. Manufacturers should be encouraged to reduce the SFA content to a technologically feasible level.

scholarly journals How Sanctions on Russia Impact the Economy of the European Union

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Năsulea ◽  
Beatrice Nicolle Crețu ◽  
Diana Florentina Spînu
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Accurate Assessment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Invaluable Tool ◽  
Crimean Crisis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Although new sanctions have been imposed, to varying degrees, on Russia since the debut of the Crimean crisis, few experts are taking the chance of publishing an assessment of the impact these sanctions will have on Russia or the European Union. On one hand, the complexity of the variables involved makes it extremely difficult to predict the outcome of said sanctions; on the other hand, an accurate assessment would make an invaluable tool in the hands of decision makers, no matter if their decisions are made with regards to foreign policy, public policy or the daily business of private companies. This article sets out to examine the context, some of the variables involved and some of the forecasts that have been put forward by various experts, while trying to provide a simplified model for assessing the impact of sanctions enacted by the EU on its own economy.

Comparison of the impact of trans fatty acids from ruminant and industrial sources on surrogate markers of cholesterol homeostasis in healthy men

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (S2) ◽  
pp. S241-S247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Ève Labonté ◽  
Patrick Couture ◽  
Paul Paquin ◽  
Yvan Chouinard ◽  
Simone Lemieux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Surrogate Markers ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Industrial Sources ◽  
The Impact

Effect of Trans Fatty Acids on Protein Utilization and Serum Cholesterol

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIR N. ISLAM ◽  
JENNIFER L. SCHLITZER ◽  
NAFISA B. ISLAM
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Protein Utilization

scholarly journals The effect of coffee consumption on serum total cholesterol in the Sami and Norwegian populations

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1818-1825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tove Nystad ◽  
Marita Melhus ◽  
Magritt Brustad ◽  
Eiliv Lund
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveTo assess coffee consumption in the Sami and Norwegian populations and to investigate the impact of unfiltered boiled coffee consumption on serum cholesterol concentrations.DesignA cross-sectional study. Information was collected by self-administrated questionnaires and total serum cholesterol was analysed. Participants were divided into three ethnic groups: Sami I (Sami used as home language in the last three generations), Sami II (at least one Sami identity marker) and Norwegian.SettingIn an area with Sami, Kven/Finnish and Norwegian populations, the SAMINOR study, 2003–2004.SubjectsA total of 5647 men and 6347 women aged 36–79 years.ResultsMore than 90 % of the study populations were coffee drinkers. Only 22 % were unfiltered coffee consumers. Sami I had the highest proportion of participants who consumed nine or more cups of unfiltered coffee per day, although the number of participants was limited. Total coffee consumption was associated with increased total cholesterol for men (P < 0·01) and women (P < 0·0001). For those who drank only unfiltered coffee, a significant association was found only in Norwegian men, adjusted for physical activity in leisure time, BMI and smoking habits (P < 0·001). From the lowest (less than five cups) to the highest (nine or more cups) unfiltered coffee consumption category, the mean total cholesterol levels increased by 0·29 mmol/l in Norwegian men.ConclusionsUnfiltered coffee consumption was lower in the present study compared to previous reports. In general, total coffee consumption was positively associated with total cholesterol levels. However, for unfiltered coffee consumption, an association was found only in Norwegian men.

scholarly journals The fall of the traditional lipid hypothesis

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 447-452
Author(s):  
Kari Salminen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Blood Cholesterol Level ◽  
Finnish Population ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Unfavourable Effect ◽  
Low Cholesterol ◽  
Catalytic Hydrogenation Process

The Finnish recommendation "Diagnosis and treatment of hypercholesterolaemia and other hyperlipidaemias in adults"(6) is mainly based on the traditional lipid hypothesis. The expediency of the recommendation should be reviewed in the light of the latest studies on diet, blood serum cholesterol and mortality. According to this information: 1. The mortality of the population increases both at high and at low cholesterol levels. The U-shape (Fig. 1) illustrating mortality vs. blood cholesterol level is different for men and women. Hence, the optimum blood cholesterol range should be set for men and for women separately. The present target value, below 5 mmol/1 for the entire Finnish population, is not reasonable. 2. The trans fatty acids formed in the catalytic hydrogenation process of polyunsaturated fatty acids have an unfavourable effect on blood cholesterol and may contribute to the occurrence of CHD. Thus the Finnish recommendation to increase the use of margarines is not well-founded. There are considerably better alternatives on the Finnish yellow fat market (Table 1).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document