Effects of chronic treatment with carbutamide on distribution and biosynthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol in obese-hyperglycemic mice

Oral treatment with carbutamide (BZ-55) for 7 weeks (2.5 gm/kg of ground chow) left the food intake and rate of weight gain of obese-hyperglycemic mice and lean littermates unmodified as compared with untreated controls. Obese-hyperglycemic animals, after 49 days of treatment showed the usual distribution and rate of biosynthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol in the liver and carcass. Liver hypertrophy, marked increase in serum cholesterol levels and lack of improvement of the ‘diabetes’ were also observed in these animals. Lean littermates similarly treated showed no modification in the distribution of fatty acids and cholesterol and in the biosynthesis of fatty acids in the liver and carcass. An increase in hepatic cholesterologenesis, liver hypertrophy, some increase in serum cholesterol levels and a small but significant increase in the blood sugar levels were noticed.

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Effects of a high-fat-diet supplemented with probiotics and ω3-fatty acids on appetite regulatory neuropeptides and neurotransmitters in a pig model

Beneficial Microbes ◽

10.3920/bm2019.0197 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 347-359

Author(s):

D. Valent ◽

L. Arroyo ◽

E. Fàbrega ◽

M. Font-i-Furnols ◽

M. Rodríguez-Palmero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Animal Model ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Food Intake ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Control Diet ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

High Fat ◽

Brain Functions

The pig is a valuable animal model to study obesity in humans due to the physiological similarity between humans and pigs in terms of digestive and associated metabolic processes. The dietary use of vegetal protein, probiotics and omega-3 fatty acids is recommended to control weight gain and to fight obesity-associated metabolic disorders. Likewise, there are recent reports on their beneficial effects on brain functions. The hypothalamus is the central part of the brain that regulates food intake by means of the production of food intake-regulatory hypothalamic neuropeptides, as neuropeptide Y (NPY), orexin A and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), and neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and serotonin. Other mesolimbic areas, such as the hippocampus, are also involved in the control of food intake. In this study, the effect of a high fat diet (HFD) alone or supplemented with these additives on brain neuropeptides and neurotransmitters was assessed in forty-three young pigs fed for 10 weeks with a control diet (T1), a high fat diet (HFD, T2), and HFD with vegetal protein supplemented with Bifidobacterium breve CECT8242 alone (T3) or in combination with omega-3 fatty acids (T4). A HFD provoked changes in regulatory neuropeptides and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the hypothalamus and alterations mostly in the dopaminergic system in the ventral hippocampus. Supplementation of the HFD with B. breve CECT8242, especially in combination with omega-3 fatty acids, was able to partially reverse the effects of HFD. Correlations between productive and neurochemical parameters supported these findings. These results confirm that pigs are an appropriate animal model alternative to rodents for the study of the effects of HFD on weight gain and obesity. Furthermore, they indicate the potential benefits of probiotics and omega-3 fatty acids on brain function.

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ANALISIS HUBUNGAN KADAR GULA DARAH PUASA DENGAN KADAR KOLESTEROL HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (HDL) PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE 2 DI RSUP SANGLAH

Meditory : The Journal of Medical Laboratory ◽

10.33992/m.v4i2.38 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Nyoman Jirna

Keyword(s):

Blood Sugar ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Fasting Blood Sugar ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Sugar Levels ◽

Dm Type 2 ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases with characteristic hyperglycemia that happen by abnormal secretions of insulin, insulin action, or both. The condition of insulin resistance in DM type 2 cause abnormal lipid metabolism that indicated by increase or decrease levels of lipid fraction in plasma, include increase levels of Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) or triglycerides, decrease levels of High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), and formed small dense Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL). The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the fasting blood sugar levels with HDL cholesterol levels in patients with DM type 2. The method use an analytical study with cross sectional design. Sampling examined as many as 35 samples by purposive sampling. The relationship between fasting blood sugar levels with HDL cholesterol levels is analyzed by Pearson Product Moment Correlation test. Based on the result concluded that there is a relationship between fasting blood sugar levels with HDL cholesterol levels in patients with DM type 2 in RSUP Sanglah with significant value sig=0,030 (sig

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Free fatty acid mobilization in rats following intracerebroventricular norepinephrine

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1982.242.4.e248 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 242 (4) ◽

pp. E248-E252 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. C. Barbosa ◽

R. H. Migliorini

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Blood Sugar ◽

Intraventricular Administration ◽

Intracerebroventricular Administration ◽

Beta Adrenergic ◽

Adrenergic Mechanism ◽

Plasma Ffa ◽

Sugar Levels ◽

Higher Doses ◽

Fatty Acid Mobilization

The possible involvement of central synaptic transmitters in lipomobilization was investigated by injecting norepinephrine or carbachol into the cerebrospinal fluid of conscious, unrestrained rats. Intracerebroventricular administration of minute amounts of norepinephrine (25-400 nmol in 5 microliters) induced a rapid increase in plasma free fatty acids (FFA) and glycerol. Small increases in blood sugar levels were induced only by the higher doses of norepinephrine. Plasma FFA response to the catecholamine was dose related in the range of 25-100 nmol of hormone. Previous intraventricular administration of propranolol, but not of phentolamine, completely blocked the lipomobilzing effect of intraventricular norepinephrine. In contrast to norepinephrine, carbachol (27 or 54 nmol) injected intraventricularly did not affect plasma FFA or glycerol levels, but markedly increased blood sugar levels. Increase of plasma FFA and glycerol by intraventricular norepinephrine and blockade of the response by propranolol suggest the involvement of a beta-adrenergic mechanism in the centrally mediated lipolysis activation. On the basis of these and previous results, it is hypothesized that central beta-adrenergic synapses relay impulses generated in receptors specifically involved in lipomobilization to the sympathetic fibers of adipose tissue.

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Physiological and behavioral responses to starvation in the golden hamster.

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1979.236.2.e105 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 236 (2) ◽

pp. E105 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K T Borer ◽

N Rowland ◽

A Mirow ◽

R C Borer ◽

R P Kelch

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Food Intake ◽

Behavioral Responses ◽

Blood Metabolites ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Weight Losses ◽

Beta Hydroxybutyrate ◽

Access To Food

Physiological and behavioral responses of adult hamsters to starvation were studied by measuring food intake, weight recovery, serum concentrations of glucose, insulin, free fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyrate, and ketonuria in animals subjected to different weight losses, diets, and durations of fast. Hamsters were debilitated by fasts longer than 12 h or leading to greater than 20% weight loss. Hamsters' feeding patterns were unmodified by fasts ranging between 5 and 12 h and showed no circadian periodicity. Hamsters predominantly recovered from weight losses without increasing their food consumption (unless they were offered a diet of pellets and seeds) and without changing their meal patterns, at a rate of weight gain proportional to the magnitude of preceding weight loss if provided with uninterrupted access to food. By 8 h of fast, blood metabolites were indicative of mobilization of body fat. Hamsters are thus behaviorally unresponsive to duration of fast, but compensate physiologically for weight losses with proportional increases in the rate of weight gain.

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Little Effect of Supplementation with 0.6% Energy Trans Fatty Acids on Serum Cholesterol Levels in Adult Japanese Women

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology ◽

10.3177/jnsv.61.422 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 61 (5) ◽

pp. 422-425 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hiroyuki TAKEUCHI ◽

Yui NISHIMURA ◽

Akira OHMORI ◽

Eiichi TABUCHI

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Serum Cholesterol ◽

Japanese Women ◽

Cholesterol Levels

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Effect of chronic treatment with TFMPP, a 5-HT1 receptor agonist, on food intake, weight gain, plasma insulin and neuropeptide mRNA expression in obese Zucker rats

European Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.1016/0014-2999(93)90953-f ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 234 (2-3) ◽

pp. 191-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Juha Rouru ◽

Ullamari Pesonen ◽

Kaisa Isaksson ◽

Risto Huupponen ◽

Markku Koulu

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Food Intake ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Receptor Agonist ◽

Plasma Insulin ◽

Chronic Treatment ◽

Zucker Rats ◽

Obese Zucker Rats

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IndustrialTransFatty Acid and Serum Cholesterol: The Allowable Dietary Level

Journal of Lipids ◽

10.1155/2017/9751756 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Hiroyuki Takeuchi ◽

Michihiro Sugano

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Serum Cholesterol ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Plasma Cholesterol ◽

Dietary Fats ◽

Blood Cholesterol ◽

Complex Situation ◽

Dietary Level ◽

Cholesterol Levels

Transfatty acid (TFA) from partially hydrogenated oil is regarded as the worst dietary fatty acid per gram due to its role in coronary heart disease. TFA consumption is decreasing worldwide, but some but not all observational studies indicate that TFA intake has little relevance to serum cholesterol levels in populations with low TFA intake (<1%E[percentage of total energy intake], <approximately 2 g/day). Few intervention trials examined the effect of TFAs on blood cholesterol at relatively low levels (<2%E); no definite evidence is available on the tolerable upper level of the intake. A series of our intervention studies in Japanese suggested that an industrial TFA intake at <1%Edoes not influence the serum cholesterol level. To establish allowable level, we must consider not only the dietary level of TFAs, but also the composition of dietary fats simultaneously consumed, that is, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. These fatty acids strengthen or counteract the adverse effect of TFAs on serum cholesterol levels. In this review we describe the complex situation of the cardiovascular effects of industrial TFAs. The relationship between dietary industrial TFAs and concentration of plasma cholesterol should be evaluated from the viewpoint of dietary patterns rather than TFAs alone.　

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Intensive telehealth management of five at-risk adolescents with diabetes

Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare ◽

10.1258/135763303321328000 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 117-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Kenneth Gelfand ◽

Gary Geffken ◽

Martha Halsey-Lyda ◽

Andrew Muir ◽

Toree Malasanos

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Food Intake ◽

Glycaemic Control ◽

Metabolic Control ◽

Blood Sugar ◽

Outpatient Treatment ◽

Treatment Programme ◽

Poor Glycaemic Control ◽

Sugar Levels ◽

At Risk Adolescents

Five adolescents with diabetes participated in an intensive outpatient treatment programme designed to improve adherence to their regimen and improve metabolic control. Families reported blood sugar levels, injections and food intake daily by telephone. After four weeks they were offered a video-phone. Nine subjects were recruited but four of them dropped out. Of the remaining five, one subject used a video-phone and one subject reported blood sugar results by email. Most of the children improved their metabolic control and all five subjects showed reduced HbA1c levels during the three months of the study. The use of telehealth facilitated the treatment of adolescents with poor glycaemic control.

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Increase of gastric area and weight gain in rats submitted to the ingestion of gasified water

Acta Cirurgica Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-86502004000300007 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 220-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

José Roberto Ferreira Santiago ◽

Shoiti Kobayasi ◽

José Mauro Granjeiro

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Food Intake ◽

Blood Sugar ◽

Water Group ◽

Group 4 ◽

Daily Diet ◽

Group 3 ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Group 2 ◽

Carbonic Gas

PURPOSE: Due to the progressive increasing in the use of gasified drinks and weight gain in the Brazilian population, in addition to the fact that carbonic gas is present in all soft drinks, an experimental study was conducted using rats as the subject to investigate the effects of gasified water in the hydric ingestion and food intake, weight gain, gastric area, blood sugar, hematocrit, and hemoglobin. METHODS: Four groups of 12 rats were studied for 36 days while receiving the following daily diet, four times per day: Group 1 - 35g/day of rat food "ad libitum" and 20ml of non-gasified water; Group 2 - 35g/day of rat food "ad libitum" and 20 ml of gasified water; Group 3 - 10g/day of rat food "ad libitum" and 20ml of non-gasified water; and Group 4 - 10g/day of rat food "ad libitum" and 20ml of gasified water. RESULTS: The results showed that the animals submitted to the treatment with gasified water (Groups 2 and 4), presented a larger volume of hydric ingestion and significant increase of the gastric area (p<0,001). In group 2, the food intake and the weight gain were significant (p<0,01). Blood sugar, hematocrit and hemoglobin data didn't show significant alterations among the studied groups. CONCLUSION: The authors of this study concluded that gasified water favored the hydric ingestion, food intake, and weight gain, as well as expanded the gastric area.

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