scholarly journals Effects of non-health-targeted policies on migrant health

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S P Juarez ◽  
M Rostila
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Migrant Health ◽  
Social Determinant ◽  
Wealth Creation ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Migration And Health ◽  
Social Determinant Of Health

Abstract This presentation will commence with a brief overview of the field of migration and health with the purpose of contextualizing the need for more policy-oriented research in this area, in so far as policy is a crucial -yet still overlooked- social determinant of health. In this context, we will present the main findings of a systematic review and meta-analysis recently published in the Lancet Global Health which looks at the effects of entry and integration policies on migrant health. The findings will, in turn, serve as a starting point to discuss how migration issues in general, and migration and health in particular, should be framed in relation to economic and human rights. Acknowledging the role of economic arguments in decision making, the presentation will end with a general reflection about the invisible contributions of migrants to wealth creation in a global economy and the difficulties of estimating such contributions.

scholarly journals A meta-analysis of the literature on climate change and migration

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-52
Author(s):  
Michel Beine ◽  
Lionel Jeusette
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Displacement Effect ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
And Migration

Abstract Recent surveys of the literature on climate change and migration emphasize the important diversity of outcomes and approaches of the empirical studies. In this paper, we conduct a meta-analysis in order to investigate the role of the methodological choices of these empirical studies in finding some particular results concerning the role of climatic factors as drivers of human mobility. We code 51 papers representative of the literature in terms of methodological approaches. This results in the coding of more than 85 variables capturing the methodology of the main dimensions of the analysis at the regression level. These dimensions include authors' reputation, type of mobility, measures of mobility, type of data, context of the study, econometric methods, and last but not least measures of the climatic factors. We look at the influence of these characteristics on the probability of finding any effect of climate change, a displacement effect, an increase in immobility, and evidence in favor of a direct vs. an indirect effect. Our results highlight the role of some important methodological choices, such as the frequency of the data on mobility, the level of development, the measures of human mobility and of the climatic factors as well as the econometric methodology.

scholarly journals Reactions to Diversity: Using Theater to Teach Medical Students about Cultural Diversity

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. JMECD.S37986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberley D Ivory ◽  
Paul Dwyer ◽  
Georgina Luscombe
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Diversity Training ◽  
Social Determinant ◽  
Cultural Humility ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Interactive Exercises ◽  
Social Determinant Of Health

Training medical students to understand the effects of culture and marginalization on health outcomes is important to the future health of increasingly diverse populations. We devised and evaluated a short training module on working with diversity to challenge students’ thinking about the role of both patient and practitioner culture in health outcomes. The workshop combined didactic teaching about culture as a social determinant of health using the cultural humility model, interactive exercises, and applied theater techniques. We evaluated changes in the students’ perceptions and attitudes over time using the Reaction to Diversity Inventory. There was initial significant improvement. Women and students with no past diversity training responded best. However, scores largely reverted to baseline over 12 months.

Convergent lines of evidence support NOTCH4 as a schizophrenia risk gene

2020 ◽  
pp. jmedgenet-2020-106830
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Shiwu Li ◽  
Xiaoyan Li ◽  
Yongfeng Yang ◽  
Wenqiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Eqtl Analysis ◽  
Risk Gene ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Eqtl Data ◽  
Lines Of Evidence ◽  
Brain Tissues

The association between NOTCH4 and schizophrenia has been repeatedly reported. However, the results from different genetic studies are inconsistent, and the role of NOTCH4 in schizophrenia pathogenesis remains unknown. Here, we provide convergent lines of evidence that support NOTCH4 as a schizophrenia risk gene. We first performed a meta-analysis and found that a genetic variant (rs2071287) in NOTCH4 was significantly associated with schizophrenia (a total of 125 848 subjects, p=8.31×10−17), with the same risk allele across all tested samples. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis showed that rs2071287 was significantly associated with NOTCH4 expression (p=1.08×10−14) in human brain tissues, suggesting that rs2071287 may confer schizophrenia risk through regulating NOTCH4 expression. Sherlock integrative analysis using a large-scale schizophrenia GWAS and eQTL data from human brain tissues further revealed that NOTCH4 was significantly associated with schizophrenia (p=4.03×10−7 in CMC dataset and p=3.06×10−6 in xQTL dataset), implying that genetic variants confer schizophrenia risk through modulating NOTCH4 expression. Consistently, we found that NOTCH4 was significantly downregulated in brains of schizophrenia patients compared with controls (p=2.53×10−3), further suggesting that dysregulation of NOTCH4 may have a role in schizophrenia. Finally, we showed that NOTCH4 regulates proliferation, self-renewal, differentiation and migration of neural stem cells, suggesting that NOTCH4 may confer schizophrenia risk through affecting neurodevelopment. Our study provides convergent lines of evidence that support the involvement of NOTCH4 in schizophrenia. In addition, our study also elucidates a possible mechanism for the role of NOTCH4 in schizophrenia pathogenesis.

Culture, a Social Determinant of Health and Risk: Considerations for Health and Risk Messaging

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet Iwelunmor ◽  
Collins Airhihenbuwa
Keyword(s):  
Health Communication ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Social Determinant ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Cultural Frameworks ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Determinant Of Health ◽  
Improve Health

We provide an overview on the role of culture in addressing the social determinants of health and risk. The fact that everyone is influenced by a set of locally defined forms of behavior means that while not overtly expressed, culture’s effects can be ubiquitous, influencing everything including the conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age, and the wider set of forces and systems shaping health and risk messaging. While the dynamic nature of culture is underestimated and often not reflected in most research, efforts to close the gap on social determinants of health and risk will require greater clarity on what culture is and how it impacts culture-sensitive health communication. Thus, the paper begins by reviewing why culture is so vital and relevant to any attempts to improve health and reduce health inequalities. We discuss what is meant by the term “culture” through a narrative synthesis of historical and recent progress in definitions of culture. We conclude by describing three distinct cultural frameworks for health that illustrate how culture can be effectively used as a vehicle through which to address culturally sensitive health communication in local and global contexts. Overall, we believe that culture is indispensable and important for addressing inequalities and inequities in health as well as for facilitating culture-sensitive health communication strategies that will ultimately close the gap on the social determinants of health and risk.

Borderline: The Ethics of Fat Stigma in Public Health

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cat Pausé
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Determinant ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Health Seeking Behaviors ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Public Health Campaigns ◽  
Social Determinant Of Health ◽  
Fat Stigma

This article argues that public health campaigns have an ethical obligation to combat fat stigma, not mobilize it in the “war on obesity.” Fat stigma is conceptualized, and a review is undertaken of how pervasive fat stigma is across the world and across the lifespan. By reviewing the negative impacts of fat stigma on physical health, mental health, and health seeking behaviors, fat stigma is clearly identified as a social determinant of health. Considering the role of fat stigma in public health, and the arguments made for using stigmatisation in public health campaigns to promote population health, it is concluded that it is a violation of public health ethics to use stigma as a tool in combatting fatness. The article concludes by making recommendations of how public health in New Zealand can combat, rather than reinforce, fat stigma.

Securing Social Security Solvency

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-167
Author(s):  
William P. Brandon ◽  
Zachary Mohr
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Determinant ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Payroll Taxes ◽  
Unearned Income ◽  
Social Security Beneficiaries ◽  
Social Determinant Of Health

AbstractAdequate income is a social determinant of health. In the United States, only Social Security beneficiaries receive inflation-protected guaranteed income. Social Security needs another 1983 compromise in which stakeholders accepted “shared pain” to avoid insolvency. We propose indexing the benefit using the chained consumer price index (CPI) for all urban consumers and providing a one-time bonus of 8% to 10% for beneficiaries in their mid-80s, when needs become greater. The chained CPI has little impact when beneficiaries start receiving benefits, but older beneficiaries need protection. The estimated 75-year savings from this restructured benefit amount to 14.2% to 18% of Social Security deficits. Modest increases in payroll taxes and maximum earnings taxed should make up most of the shortfall. Including unearned income with wages and salaries subject to the 6.2% individual tax would produce much more revenue. The discussion explores the proposal’s political feasibility, grounding in current policy and political science literature, and the role of income as a social determinant of health.

Commentary: Making the case for linking behavioral health strategies to enhance work as a social determinant for youth

2021 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Peggy B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Health ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
High School Graduates ◽  
Social Determinant ◽  
Program Participant ◽  
Participant Selection ◽  
Barriers To Employment ◽  
Successful Execution ◽  
Social Determinant Of Health

This commentary addresses the importance of work as a social determinant of health and the role that behavioral health interventions play in its successful execution. Data on the influence of nonmedical factors on wellness of vulnerable populations is reviewed as well as the need to facilitate acquisition of meaningful employment for post–high school graduates, referred to as opportunity youth. It also discusses the role of behavioral health professionals to proactively manage mental health concerns that negatively influence the employment process. Moreover, it suggests that behavioral health professionals can potentially predict work acquisition success based on participant risks and barriers to employment. Such analyses can affect decisions regarding program participant selection and the assessment of program/staff resources required for a successful pathway to job acquisition. Such insights can provide useful guideposts on how to apply this social determinant theory to effectively integrate this unutilized workforce into productive jobs.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Meta-Analysis Deciphers a Dysregulation in Immune Response-Associated Gene Signatures during Sepsis

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaniya Ahmad ◽  
Prithvi Singh ◽  
Archana Sharma ◽  
Shweta Arora ◽  
Nitesh Shriwash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Signature Genes ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Upregulated Genes

Sepsis is a life-threatening disease induced by a systemic inflammatory response, which leads to organ dysfunction and mortality. In sepsis, the host immune response is depressed and unable to cope with infection; no drug is currently available to treat this. The lungs are frequently the starting point for sepsis. This study aimed to identify potential genes for diagnostics and therapeutic purposes in sepsis by a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. Our criteria are to unravel sepsis-associated signature genes from gene expression datasets. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from samples of sepsis patients using a meta-analysis and then further subjected to functional enrichment and protein‒protein interaction (PPI) network analysis for examining their potential functions. Finally, the expression of the topmost upregulated genes (ARG1, IL1R2, ELANE, MMP9) was quantified by reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) expression was confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining in the lungs of a well-established sepsis mouse model. We found that all the four genes were upregulated in semiquantitative RT-PCR studies; however, MMP9 showed a nonsignificant increase in expression. MPO staining showed strong immunoreactivity in sepsis as compared to the control. This study demonstrates the role of significant and widespread immune activation (IL1R2, MMP9), along with oxidative stress (ARG1) and the recruitment of neutrophils, in sepsis (ELANE, MPO).

scholarly journals Ageing of the European populations and its causes. The case of France and Greece

Stanovnistvo ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 7-41
Author(s):  
Byron Kotzamanis ◽  
Jean-Paul Sardon
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Method ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Demographic Ageing ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Population Structures ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Remote Past

Demographic ageing (continuous increase of the percentage of old people of a population) depends on the evolutions of fertility, mortality and migration as well as on the age structure of the population which reflects the changes of the three above mentioned components in the remote past. In this article we examine the consequences of each of the three demographic components on demographic ageing in two European countries (France and Greece); two countries significantly differentiated as far as their trajectory is concerned during the last two centuries. From the viewpoint of methodology, in order to evaluate these consequences we adopted the simulation method and more specifically, each time we kept one of the three components stable for the level it is characterized at the beginning of the study period and we estimated the amount and the percentage of the over-sixty-year old persons which we would have in this case in the early 1990's (amount and percentage we compared to the corresponding ones estimated around 1993). At the same time we tried to estimate the specific weight of the early structures of population in the two countries on the basis of today's demographic ageing: thus, we proceeded to identical simulations with different population structures at the starting point (stable populations corresponding to the tables on mortality for 1950 in France and I960 in Greece). The basic conclusions of this study allow us to see the significant specific weight of the mortality change on demographic ageing (ageing from above), parallel to the already known role of fertility (ageing from the basis of the pyramid). On the contrary, the role of migration currents appears limited and their influence has the opposite direction in these two countries of study; slight acceleration of ageing in Greece, slight slowing down in France. At the same time, demographic ageing in the early l 990's in both countries is smoother than that expected if their populations were stable. Finally, in France as well as in Greece the acceleration of ageing is inevitable as significant changes in fertility are absent. Mortality is expected to play a more and more significant role in the mid and remote future to such an extent that the prolongation of the expected life at birth will be more and more due to gains of life for the over-sixty-year-old persons.

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