scholarly journals Beneficial and detrimental effects of processed dietary fibers on intestinal and liver health: health benefits of refined dietary fibers need to be redefined!

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
Vishal Singh ◽  
Matam Vijay-Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Dietary Fibers ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Liver Health ◽  
Negative Health Outcomes ◽  
Digestive Health ◽  
Whole Foods

Abstract Consumption of processed foods—which are generally composed of nutritionally starved refined ingredients—has increased exponentially worldwide. A rise in public health awareness that low fiber intake is strongly linked to new-age disorders has spurred food manufacturers to fortify processed foods with refined dietary fibers (RDFs). Consumption of whole foods rich in natural fibers undoubtedly confers an array of health benefits. However, it is not clear whether RDFs extracted from the whole plant, kernel, and fruit peels exert similar physiological effects to their naturally occurring counterparts. Recent studies caution that RDFs are not universally beneficial and that inappropriate consumption of RDFs may risk both gastrointestinal and liver health. Herein, we briefly summarize the beneficial and detrimental effects of RDFs on digestive health and discuss the contribution of metabolites derived from microbial fermentation of RDFs in driving such positive or negative health outcomes.

Combinatorial Synthesis of Novel 3/5(3,5)-(Di)nitro/chloropaeonol Carbonyl Hydrazone Derivatives as Nematicidal Agents

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genqiang Chen ◽  
Lina Zhu ◽  
Yanfei Xia ◽  
Jinming Yang ◽  
Song Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Nematicidal Activity ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Wide Range

Background: Developing the high-efficiency and low-risk small-molecule green-nematocide is the key of effective control of the nematodes. Paeonol, is a naturally occurring phenolic compound, isolated from the root bark of Paeonia suffruticosa and the whole plant of Cynanchum paniculatum. Due to its crucial phenolic ketone skeleton, modern biological science research has indicated that paeonol has a wide range of biological activities. The structural modification of paeonol into paeonol carbonyl hydrazone derivatives is a potential approach for the development of novel nematodes, which showed more toxicity than paeonol. However, there are no reports on the nematicidal activity of paeonol carbonyl hydrazone derivatives to control Heterodera glycines. Results: We always endeavor to discover and develop biorational natural products-based pesticidal agents, 4 significant intermediates and 21 novel 3/5(3,5)-(di)nitro/chloropaeonol carbonyl hydrazone derivatives were prepared, and their structures well characterized by 1H NMR, HRMS, MS, and mp. Due to the steric hindrance, the substituents on the C=N double bond of all hydrazine compounds adopted E configuration. Results of nematicidal activity revealed that, among all compounds, especially 5-nitropaeonol (5) and 3,5-dinitropaeonol (7) displayed the most potent nematicidal activity H. glycines in vivo with LC50 values of 0.0323 and 0.0367 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: It suggested that for the 3/5(3,5)-(di)nitro/chloropaeonol carbonyl hydrazone derivatives, a nitro group introduced at C5 position of 1 was necessary for obtaining the potent compound as nematicidal agents. These preliminary results will pave the way for further modification of paeonol in the development of potential new nematicides.

scholarly journals Changes in the Gut Microbiome Contribute to Changes in Tissue Gene Expression in Rats Fed Prebiotic Dietary Fibers (P15-022-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Breann Abernathy ◽  
Ran Blekhman ◽  
Tonya Schoenfuss ◽  
Daniel Gallaher
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Cholesterol Synthesis ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Fibers ◽  
Pathway Gene ◽  
Liver Tissues

Abstract Objectives We investigated the intersection between the gut microbiome and gene expression of colon and liver tissues in rats, using prebiotic dietary fibers to modulate the gut microbiome and elicit health benefits to the host. Methods Male Wistar rats were fed normal fat (NF) or high fat (HF, 51% fat by kcal) diets containing various fibers (6% fiber + 3% cellulose, by weight); including cellulose (NFC and HFC, non-fermentable), polylactose (HFPL, a novel prebiotic), and polydextrose (HFPD, an established prebiotic). After 10 weeks, tissues were harvested. Transcriptome analysis was performed by RNA sequencing of colon and liver tissues, and cecal contents were utilized for 16S microbiome sequencing. Analyses were conducted in R using DESeq2, DADA2, and phyloseq. Results Analysis of the gut microbiome revealed an increased abundance of probiotic genera, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, in HFPL fed animals when compared to all other groups. These species are galactose fermenters which synthesize short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). This increased taxonomical abundance correlated with an increased FFar3 (SCFA receptor) expression in the colon. This suggests increased FFar3 signaling, leading to increased energy expenditure and GLP-1 and PYY secretion. Additionally, HFPL and HFPD groups had a decreased Firmicutes: Bacteroidetes ratio, which is associated with reduced adiposity due to the Bacteroidetes phylum being poor carbohydrate metabolizers, resulting in reduced energy uptake, yet increased SCFA synthesis. Bacteriodetes are also able to survive in SCFA and bile acid rich environments and are involved in the recycling of bile acids which negatively regulates cholesterol synthesis. This corresponds to reduced liver cholesterol and cholesterol synthesis pathway expression in the HFPL group. Further, liver gene expression revealed reduced lipid synthesis and increased lipid oxidation pathway gene expression in the HFPL group, corresponding to the reduction in fatty liver found in this group. Conclusions Prebiotic dietary fibers elicit changes in the gut microbiome and gene expression in liver and colon. Changes in gene expression correlated with the abundance of beneficial gut bacteria, providing a connection between the gut microbiome and health benefits to the host. Funding Sources Midwest Dairy Association. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Dietary Fibers from Fruits and Vegetables and Their Health Benefits via Modulation of Gut Microbiota

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1514-1532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiefen Cui ◽  
Yunhe Lian ◽  
Chengying Zhao ◽  
Hengjun Du ◽  
Yanhui Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Dietary Fibers

Naturally Occurring Antimicrobials for Minimally Processed Foods

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Michael Davidson ◽  
Faith J. Critzer ◽  
T. Matthew Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Processed Foods ◽  
Minimally Processed ◽  
Naturally Occurring

scholarly journals Assesing the Knowledge, Attitudes and Eating Habits of Dietary Fibers in Tîrgu-Mureş Population

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-131
Author(s):  
Stere Victoria ◽  
Tarcea Monica ◽  
Ruta Florina
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Food Labels ◽  
Dietary Fibers ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Nutrition Guidelines ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Whole Foods

Abstract Background: The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and eating habits upon consumption of dietary fibers in a group of people from Tirgu-Mures area. Material and Method: We used a transversal descriptive study conducted on a group of 251 subjects from the urban area (76.4%), as well as from the rural area (23.6%), aged between 18 and 62 years, obtained using an online questionnaire consisting of 40 questions related to knowledge and attitude towards dietary fibers and estimated consumption of fiber from whole foods. Results: In the study group, we observed that 21.28% consumed whole cereals once per week and 18% did not consume cereals at all; regarding fruit consumption 17.44% consumed 6-8 pieces/week, and 3.4% consumed over 18 pieces/week. Frequency of fast food –meals consuming: 67.68% did not consume fast-food meals, 25.25% ate fast food once/week, and 1.1% consumed fast food between 8-10 times/week. Concerning the statement that fibers can prevent and/or treat colon cancer and obesity, 40% fully accepted the statement, 40% agreed, 14.29% were indifferent and 4.7% were against. From the total group of subjects, approximately 37.6% knew the meaning and classification of dietary fiber, 26.8% knew the recommended amount of fiber to be consumed daily, and 5.9% did not check the fiber content of foods ever. Conclusions: The inclusion of cereals and whole foods in diet is recommended in all nutrition guidelines worldwide, because of their association with a high health status, and prevention of chronic diseases. Consumers need to understand the benefits of whole foods, also to recognize and read the information about it on food labels.

scholarly journals Multifunctional Benefits of Prevalent HMOs: Implications for Infant Health

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3364
Author(s):  
David R. Hill ◽  
Jo May Chow ◽  
Rachael H. Buck
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Important Health ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Digestive Health

Breastfeeding is the best source of nutrition during infancy and is associated with a broad range of health benefits. However, there remains a significant and persistent need for innovations in infant formula that will allow infants to access a wider spectrum of benefits available to breastfed infants. The addition of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) to infant formulas represents the most significant innovation in infant nutrition in recent years. Although not a direct source of calories in milk, HMOs serve as potent prebiotics, versatile anti-infective agents, and key support for neurocognitive development. Continuing improvements in food science will facilitate production of a wide range of HMO structures in the years to come. In this review, we evaluate the relationship between HMO structure and functional benefits. We propose that infant formula fortification strategies should aim to recapitulate a broad range of benefits to support digestive health, immunity, and cognitive development associated with HMOs in breastmilk. We conclude that acetylated, fucosylated, and sialylated HMOs likely confer important health benefits through multiple complementary mechanisms of action.

scholarly journals Ethnobotany, Phytochemical, Pharmacological Potentials of Murraya koenigii, and Its Health Benefits – A Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Priyanka Goyal ◽  
Rohit Chhabra ◽  
Lavanya Vij
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Murraya Koenigii ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Anti Fungal

Murraya koenigii, also widely known as curry leaves and curry patta, is a noticeably significant plant recognized all around the world for its tremendous therapeutic, medicinal worth and characteristic aromatic properties. It is one of the major export commodities originated from east and southern part of India bringing good foreign revenue. This review article is designed to assess and compile all the currently available literature on ethnobotanical aspects and phytochemical, pharmacological potentials of M. koenigii. Morphologically, it is a semi deciduous small shrub or aromatic shrub having slender but strong woody stem with branches covered with grey bark. The whole plant of M. koenigii viz., as stem, leaf, fruits, root and seeds have been accounted to have anti-oxidant, anti-fungal, anti-candidal, anti-bacterial, anti-hypersensitive and various biological properties. It is also additionally used in hormonal therapy in traditional medicines as a dysenteric, blood purifier, diuretic, febrifuge, hair tonic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and anti-diarrheal. M. koenigii oil is said to have massive impact in the pharmaceuticals and in aromatherapy enterprises as a powerful ingredient. Many researchers have worked on all parts of M. koenigii, from roots, stem, leaves up its bark. This review is an attempt to summarize all the diverse literature available so as to compile a reliable review article on M. koenigii providing detailed information on therapeutic potential, health benefits and pharmacological applications of the plant.

scholarly journals Common Elements of Two Popular Diets That Confer Health Benefits

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 553-553
Author(s):  
James Painter ◽  
Margaret McGinnis
Keyword(s):  
Health Benefits ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Common Elements ◽  
Sugar Consumption ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Allium Vegetables ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Whole Foods

Abstract Objectives Many popular diets cite peer reviewed evidence of their effectiveness for disease reduction, yet point to very different reasons for their purported health benefits. The Atkins diet credits the low carbohydrate, high fat and moderate animal proteins as providing the benefit, while the Ornish diet credits the high carbohydrate, low fat, and low animal proteins. These diets seem to be at polar opposites in macronutrient recommendations but both claim benefits. Our hypothesis was that aside from the vastly differing macronutrient percentages, there are common elements in these diets that may be providing some of the benefits. Our research question was: Are there common elements in each diet and are they providing some of the purported health benefit? Methods The Atkins and Ornish dietary plans were compared to determine if there were similarities in dietary recommendations. A review of the literature was conducted regarding the potential health benefits of the common elements. Results Common elements within both the Aktins and Ornish dietary guidelines include: 1. Reduce consumption of low nutrient, low fiber foods that are typical of the Standard American diet, and increase consumption of whole foods 2. Reduce added sugar consumption and consume adequate fiber 3. Increase consumption of non-starchy, green leafy, cruciferous, and allium vegetables A literature review of each of these three elements revealed a broad consensus on the health benefits. Frequent consumption of low nutrient, low fiber foods are associated with increased risk of many chronic diseases. Added sugar consumption has been shown to cause dental caries. Green leafy vegetables provide high levels of many nutrients necessary for good health including vitamin A and potassium. Cruciferous vegetables have been shown to increase phase 2 enzymes in the liver and are associated with reduced risk for cardiovascular disease. Allium vegetables exhibit antiviral, antibacterial, and anticancer properties. Conclusions These common elements could be used as a starting point for a healthy diet. Rather than focus on macronutrient percentages and sources, nutrition advice should focus on discouraging foods high in added sugars and low nutrients, low fiber foods and encouraging consumption of whole foods and non-starchy vegetables. Funding Sources Funding was not secured for this study.

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