scholarly journals The Piranha Genome Provides Molecular Insight Associated to Its Unique Feeding Behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2099-2106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Schartl ◽  
Susanne Kneitz ◽  
Helene Volkoff ◽  
Mateus Adolfi ◽  
Cornelia Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Predatory Behavior ◽  
Appetite Regulation ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
Feeding Biology ◽  
Gene Count ◽  
Feeding Motivation ◽  
Pygocentrus Nattereri

Abstract The piranha enjoys notoriety due to its infamous predatory behavior but much is still not understood about its evolutionary origins and the underlying molecular mechanisms for its unusual feeding biology. We sequenced and assembled the red-bellied piranha (Pygocentrus nattereri) genome to aid future phenotypic and genetic investigations. The assembled draft genome is similar to other related fishes in repeat composition and gene count. Our evaluation of genes under positive selection suggests candidates for adaptations of piranhas’ feeding behavior in neural functions, behavior, and regulation of energy metabolism. In the fasted brain, we find genes differentially expressed that are involved in lipid metabolism and appetite regulation as well as genes that may control the aggression/boldness behavior of hungry piranhas. Our first analysis of the piranha genome offers new insight and resources for the study of piranha biology and for feeding motivation and starvation in other organisms.

scholarly journals Comparative RNA-Seq Analyses of Solenopsis japonica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Reveal Gene in Response to Cold Stress

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1610
Author(s):  
Mohammad Vatanparast ◽  
Youngjin Park
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Predatory Behavior ◽  
P Value ◽  
Molecular Response ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Protein Database ◽  
Brood Chamber

Solenopsis japonica, as a fire ant species, shows some predatory behavior towards earthworms and woodlice, and preys on the larvae of other ant species by tunneling into a neighboring colony’s brood chamber. This study focused on the molecular response process and gene expression profiles of S. japonica to low (9 °C)-temperature stress in comparison with normal temperature (25 °C) conditions. A total of 89,657 unigenes (the clustered non-redundant transcripts that are filtered from the longest assembled contigs) were obtained, of which 32,782 were annotated in the NR (nonredundant protein) database with gene ontology (GO) terms, gene descriptions, and metabolic pathways. The results were 81 GO subgroups and 18 EggNOG (evolutionary genealogy of genes: Non-supervised Orthologous Groups) keywords. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with log2fold change (FC) > 1 and log2FC < −1 with p-value ≤ 0.05 were screened for cold stress temperature. We found 215 unigenes up-regulated and 115 unigenes down-regulated. Comparing transcriptome profiles for differential gene expression resulted in various DE proteins and genes, including fatty acid synthases and lipid metabolism, which have previously been reported to be involved in cold resistance. We verified the RNA-seq data by qPCR on 20 up- and down-regulated DEGs. These findings facilitate the basis for the future understanding of the adaptation mechanisms of S. japonica and the molecular mechanisms underlying the response to low temperatures.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence and Transcriptional Analysis of Rosellinia necatrix Infected with a Virulent Mycovirus

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (10) ◽  
pp. 1206-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeo Shimizu ◽  
Satoko Kanematsu ◽  
Hajime Yaegashi
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Rosellinia Necatrix ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes

Understanding the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis is useful in developing effective control methods for fungal diseases. The white root rot fungus Rosellinia necatrix is a soilborne pathogen that causes serious economic losses in various crops, including fruit trees, worldwide. Here, using next-generation sequencing techniques, we first produced a 44-Mb draft genome sequence of R. necatrix strain W97, an isolate from Japan, in which 12,444 protein-coding genes were predicted. To survey differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with the pathogenesis of the fungus, the hypovirulent W97 strain infected with Rosellinia necatrix megabirnavirus 1 (RnMBV1) was used for a comprehensive transcriptome analysis. In total, 545 and 615 genes are up- and down-regulated, respectively, in R. necatrix infected with RnMBV1. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses of the DEGs suggested that primary and secondary metabolism would be greatly disturbed in R. necatrix infected with RnMBV1. The genes encoding transcriptional regulators, plant cell wall-degrading enzymes, and toxin production, such as cytochalasin E, were also found in the DEGs. The genetic resources provided in this study will accelerate the discovery of genes associated with pathogenesis and other biological characteristics of R. necatrix, thus contributing to disease control.

scholarly journals The Genome Sequence of the Anthelmintic-Susceptible New Zealand Haemonchus contortus

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1965-1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikola Palevich ◽  
Paul H Maclean ◽  
Abdul Baten ◽  
Richard W Scott ◽  
David M Leathwick
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Hybrid Assembly ◽  
Genetic Structures

Abstract Internal parasitic nematodes are a global animal health issue causing drastic losses in livestock. Here, we report a H. contortus representative draft genome to serve as a genetic resource to the scientific community and support future experimental research of molecular mechanisms in related parasites. A de novo hybrid assembly was generated from PCR-free whole genome sequence data, resulting in a chromosome-level assembly that is 465 Mb in size encoding 22,341 genes. The genome sequence presented here is consistent with the genome architecture of the existing Haemonchus species and is a valuable resource for future studies regarding population genetic structures of parasitic nematodes. Additionally, comparative pan-genomics with other species of economically important parasitic nematodes have revealed highly open genomes and strong collinearities within the phylum Nematoda.

scholarly journals De Novo Genome Assembly of the Meadow Brown Butterfly, Maniola jurtina

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1477-1484
Author(s):  
Kumar Saurabh Singh ◽  
David J. Hosken ◽  
Nina Wedell ◽  
Richard ffrench-Constant ◽  
Chris Bass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
De Novo Genome Assembly ◽  
Modern Biology ◽  
Final Assembly ◽  
Gene Sets ◽  
Gene Count ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Maniola Jurtina

Meadow brown butterflies (Maniola jurtina) on the Isles of Scilly represent an ideal model in which to dissect the links between genotype, phenotype and long-term patterns of selection in the wild - a largely unfulfilled but fundamental aim of modern biology. To meet this aim, a clear description of genotype is required. Here we present the draft genome sequence of M. jurtina to serve as a founding genetic resource for this species. Seven libraries were constructed using pooled DNA from five wild caught spotted females and sequenced using Illumina, PacBio RSII and MinION technology. A novel hybrid assembly approach was employed to generate a final assembly with an N50 of 214 kb (longest scaffold 2.9 Mb). The sequence assembly described here predicts a gene count of 36,294 and includes variants and gene duplicates from five genotypes. Core BUSCO (Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs) gene sets of Arthropoda and Insecta recovered 90.5% and 88.7% complete and single-copy genes respectively. Comparisons with 17 other Lepidopteran species placed 86.5% of the assembled genes in orthogroups. Our results provide the first high-quality draft genome and annotation of the butterfly M. jurtina.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of Methylobacterium sp. ME121, Isolated from Soil as a Mixed Single Colony with Kaistia sp. 32K

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun Fujinami ◽  
Kiyoko Takeda-Yano ◽  
Takefumi Onodera ◽  
Katsuya Satoh ◽  
Tetsu Shimizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Single Colony

Methylobacterium sp. ME121 was isolated from soil as a mixed single colony with Kaistia sp. 32K, and its growth was enhanced by coculture. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of Methylobacterium sp. ME121, which may contribute to the study of the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon.

scholarly journals First Draft Genome Sequence of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. eucalyptorum, Causal Agent of Bacterial Leaf Blight on Eucalypt

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yane F. Neves ◽  
Samuel A. Santos ◽  
Lúcio M. S. Guimarães ◽  
Pedro M. P. Vidigal ◽  
Jorge L. Badel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Xanthomonas Axonopodis

Here, we report the annotated draft genome sequence of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. eucalyptorum pathotype strain LPF602 (synonym Xanthomonas axonopodis BSC45a), isolated from eucalypt leaves showing bacterial blight symptoms in Brazil. The availability of these genomic data will help improve the understanding of the evolution and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of this microorganism.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of Rhizobium sp. Strain TBD182, an Antagonist of the Plant-Pathogenic Fungus Fusarium oxysporum, Isolated from a Novel Hydroponics System Using Organic Fertilizer

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichiro Iida ◽  
Kazuki Fujiwara ◽  
Nobutaka Someya ◽  
Makoto Shinohara
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fungistatic Activity ◽  
Rhizobium Sp

ABSTRACT Rhizobium sp. strain TBD182, isolated from a novel hydroponics system, is an antagonistic bacterium that inhibits the mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum but does not eliminate the pathogen. We report the draft genome sequence of TBD182, which may contribute to elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of its fungistatic activity.

scholarly journals Resistance to targeted therapies as a multifactorial, gradual adaptation to inhibitor specific selective pressures

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Vander Velde ◽  
Nara Yoon ◽  
Viktoriya Marusyk ◽  
Arda Durmaz ◽  
Andrew Dhawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Alk Inhibitors ◽  
Selective Pressures ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
Variable Sensitivity ◽  
Evolution Of Resistance ◽  
Alk Positive

ABSTRACTDespite high initial efficacy, therapies that target oncogenic kinases eventually fail in advanced, metastatic cancers. This failure in initially responsive tumors is the direct result of the evolution of drug resistance under therapy-imposed selective pressures. In contrast to the massive body of experimental research on the molecular mechanisms of resistance, understanding of its evolutionary origins and dynamics remains fragmented. Using a combination of experimental studies and mathematical modeling, we sought to dissect the evolution of resistance to different clinical ALK inhibitors in an experimental model of ALK positive NSCLC. We found that resistance can originate from heterogeneous, weakly resistant, sub-populations with variable sensitivity to different ALK inhibitors. Instead of the commonly assumed stochastic single hit (epi) mutational transition, or drug-induced reprogramming, we found evidence of a hybrid scenario, of gradual, multifactorial development through acquisition of multiple cooperating genetic and epigenetic adaptive changes, amplified by selection. Additionally, we found that intermediate resistance phenotypes might present unique, temporally restricted collateral sensitivities, absent in therapy naïve or fully resistant cells, suggesting new opportunities for therapeutic interference.

scholarly journals The draft genome sequence of Japanese rhinoceros beetle Trypoxylus dichotomus

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Morita ◽  
Tomoko F. Shibata ◽  
Tomoaki Nishiyama ◽  
Yuuki Kobayashi ◽  
Katsushi Yamaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo Assembly ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Evolutionary Developmental Biology ◽  
Rhinoceros Beetle ◽  
Insect Order ◽  
Trypoxylus Dichotomus

Beetles are the largest insect order and one of the most successful animal groups in terms of number of species. The Japanese rhinoceros beetle Trypoxylus dichotomus (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastini) is a giant beetle with distinctive exaggerated horns present on the head and prothoracic regions of the male. T. dichotomus has been used as research model in various fields such as evolutionary developmental biology, ecology, ethology, biomimetics, and drug discovery. In this study, de novo assembly of 615 Mb, representing 80% of the genome estimated by flow cytometry, was obtained using the 10x Chromium platform. The scaffold N50 length of the genome assembly was 8.02 Mb, with repetitive elements predicted to comprise 49.5% of the assembly. In total, 23,987 protein-coding genes were predicted in the genome. In addition, de novo assembly of the mitochondrial genome yielded a contig of 20,217 bp. We also analyzed the transcriptome by generating 16 RNA-seq libraries from a variety of tissues of both sexes and developmental stages, which allowed us to identify 13 co-expressed gene modules. The detailed genomic and transcriptomic information of T. dichotomus is the most comprehensive among those reported for any species of Dynastinae. This genomic information will be an excellent resource for further functional and evolutionary analyses, including the evolutionary origin and genetic regulation of beetle horns and the molecular mechanisms underlying sexual dimorphism.

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