Fasting concentrations and postprandial response of 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds 3-deoxyglucosone, glyoxal and methylglyoxal are not increased in healthy older adults

Abstract Dicarbonyl stress describes the increased formation of 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds and is associated with age-related pathologies. The role of dicarbonyl stress in healthy aging is poorly understood. In a preliminary study, we analyzed 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds, namely 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), glyoxal (GO) and methylglyoxal (MGO) in plasma of older (25 months, n=11) and younger (5 months, n=14) male C57BL/6J (B6) mice via UPLC-MS/MS. Postprandial 3-DG was higher in younger compared to older mice, whereas no differences were found for GO and MGO. Subsequently, in the main study, we analyzed fasting serum of older (OW, 72.4±6.14 years, n=19) and younger women (YW, 27.0±4.42 years, n=19) as well as older (OM, 74.3±5.20 years, n=15) and younger (YM, 27.0±3.34, n=15) men. Serum glucose, insulin, 1,2-dicarbonyl concentrations and markers of oxidative stress were quantified. In a subgroup of this cohort, an oral dextrose challenge was performed and postprandial response of 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds, glucose and insulin were measured. In women, there were no age differences regarding fasting 1,2-dicarbonyl concentrations nor the response after the oral dextrose challenge. In men, fasting MGO was significantly higher in OM compared to YM (Median: 231 vs.158 nM, p=0.006), whereas no age differences in fasting 3-DG and GO concentrations were found. Glucose (310±71.8 versus 70.8±11.9 min·mmol/L) and insulin (7149±1249 versus 2827±493 min·µIU/mL) response were higher in OM compared to YM, which did not translate into a higher 1,2-dicarbonyl response in older individuals. Overall, aging does not necessarily result in dicarbonyl stress, indicating that strategies to cope with 1,2-dicarbonyl formation can remain intact.

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Age Differences and Longitudinal Change in Exposure to Daily Stressors: Three Waves of Diary Data Across 20 Years

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igab046.824 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 215-215

Author(s):

Eric Cerino ◽

Jonathan Rush ◽

Robert Stawski

Keyword(s):

Age Differences ◽

Healthy Aging ◽

Later Life ◽

Longitudinal Change ◽

National Study ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Daily Stress ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Telephone Interviews ◽

Age Related

Abstract Exposure to daily stress is an important risk factor for healthy aging. We examined cross-sectional age-related differences and longitudinal aging-related change in stressor exposure across three waves of the National Study of Daily Experiences (N=2,914, M=51.53 years, SD=13.55, 56.35% Female) spanning 20 years. Exposure to six types of stressors (arguments, avoided arguments, work overloads, home overloads, network stressors, other) were obtained from telephone interviews over 8 consecutive days in waves conducted in ~1996, ~2008, and ~2017. Longitudinal analyses revealed declines in stressor exposure across 20 years (p<.01), driven by declines in arguments, work overloads, and network stressors specifically. Cross-sectional analyses indicated that older individuals reported stressors less frequently (p<.01), driven by decreases in arguments, avoided arguments, work overloads, and home overloads specifically. Rates of longitudinal decline did not depend on age at baseline. Results suggest that aging-related changes and baseline age differences inform daily stress trajectories in mid- and later-life.

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Translational Geroscience: Human Models of Healthy Aging and Longevity

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igab046.1162 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 300-300

Author(s):

Sofiya Milman

Keyword(s):

Healthy Aging ◽

Model Organisms ◽

Antagonistic Pleiotropy ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Ideal Model ◽

Health Span ◽

Healthy Older Adults ◽

Age Related ◽

Extended Lifespan ◽

Disease Free

Abstract While insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a well-established modulator of aging and longevity in model organisms, its role in humans is less well understood. Previous ambiguities in part have been attributed to cohort characteristics and unawareness of interactions between age and IGF-1. Centenarians have emerged as an ideal model of healthy aging because they delay the onset of age-related diseases and often remain disease free for the duration of their lifespan. In cohorts of centenarians and generally healthy older adults, we demonstrated that reduced IGF-1 is associated with extended lifespan and health-span. Additionally, we confirmed that IGF-1 interacts with age to modify risk in a manner consistent with antagonistic pleiotropy: younger individuals with high IGF-1 are protected from dementia, vascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and osteoporosis, while older individuals do not exhibit IGF-1-associated protection from disease. These findings offer evidence for IGF-1 modulating health-span and lifespan in humans.

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DOES THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN AGE AND MAJOR ILLNESS VARY BY NATIONAL HEALTHCARE QUALITY?

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igz038.507 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S140-S140

Author(s):

Matthew A Andersson ◽

Lindsay R Wilkinson ◽

Markus H Schafer

Keyword(s):

Healthy Aging ◽

Subjective Evaluation ◽

Healthcare Quality ◽

Attributable Mortality ◽

Future Research ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Social Survey ◽

National Healthcare ◽

Age Related ◽

Major Illness

Abstract Though the risk of chronic disease and disability accelerates once adults are in their 60s, 70s, and 80s, researchers have long suspected that economic, social, and institutional variation — even among high-income Western nations — may powerfully influence the likelihood that people remain healthy at advanced ages. This study builds on comparative research into global aging, by offering a multiple-indicator test of whether national healthcare quality modifies the association between age and major illness. Recent individual-level data on morbidity among respondents aged 50 or older (16 countries; 2014 European Social Survey) are merged with nation-level healthcare indicators. Healthcare quality is assessed using a subjective, evaluation-based approach (based on the 2011 International Social Survey Programme) and an objective, attributable-mortality approach (2010 Healthcare Access and Quality, based on the Global Burden of Disease Study). Lagged nation-level economic and health indicators are controlled to help isolate healthcare effects. Multilevel logistic and linear regression models of any major health condition and morbidity reveal that while older individuals showed approximately a 10% reduction in probability of major illness when residing in countries with higher healthcare quality, associations between age and morbidity indices combining number and severity of illness showed greater modification by healthcare quality, with reductions around 18%. Results across subjective and objective approaches to healthcare quality are strikingly consistent. Taken together, results are suggestive of healthcare’s protective role in reducing age-related illness and disability. Future research should illuminate pathways by which healthcare quality may lead to differences in healthy aging among advanced nations.

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VACCINATION TO PROMOTE HEALTH THROUGHOUT LIFE AS A HEALTHY AGING STRATEGY

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igz038.771 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S211-S211

Author(s):

Leonard Friedland

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Healthy Aging ◽

New Technologies ◽

Older Age ◽

Target Antigen ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Demographic Shift ◽

Age Related ◽

Important Progress

Abstract This symposium addresses the role of vaccination to promote healthy aging, the process of developing and maintaining the functional ability that enables wellbeing in older age. Life-span immunization of adults across all age categories can help to reduce morbidity and mortality. Healthy aging is critical for our global society to counter the surge in healthcare costs that is coming as a result of the demographic shift to older age. Immune system function and response to vaccination declines with advancing age. Generating effective immune responses against new infectious disease targets can be difficult in older individuals. Important progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms underlying immunosenescence, the age-related decline of the immune response to infections and vaccinations. Innovative research and the development of new technologies, such as adjuvants, substances that can enhance and shape the immune response to the target antigen(s), has facilitated the development of vaccines specially tailored for adults. This evidence-based approach to the development of innovative vaccines addressing immunosenescence is an important clinically relevant healthy aging strategy to promote health throughout life.

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Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Their Contribution to Healthy Aging

Digestive Diseases ◽

10.1159/000443350 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 194-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Anna Maria Mello ◽

Giulia Paroni ◽

Julia Daragjati ◽

Alberto Pilotto

Keyword(s):

Old Age ◽

Healthy Aging ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽

Targeted Interventions ◽

Age Related ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Older Subjects

Studies on populations at different ages have shown that after birth, the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota composition keeps evolving, and this seems to occur especially in old age. Significant changes in GI microbiota composition in older subjects have been reported in relation to diet, drug use and the settings where the older subjects are living, that is, in community nursing homes or in a hospital. Moreover, changes in microbiota composition in the old age have been related to immunosenescence and inflammatory processes that are pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the pathways of frailty. Frailty is an age-related condition of increased vulnerability to stresses due to the impairment in multiple inter-related physiologic systems that are associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes, such as falls, delirium, institutionalization, hospitalization and death. Preliminary data suggest that changes in microbiota composition may contribute to the variations in the biological, clinical, functional and psycho-social domains that occur in the frail older subjects. Multidimensional evaluation tools based on a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) have demonstrated to be useful in identifying and measuring the severity of frailty in older subjects. Thus, a CGA approach should be used more widely in clinical practice to evaluate the multidimensional effects potentially related to GI microbiota composition of the older subjects. Probiotics have been shown to be effective in restoring the microbiota changes of older subjects, promoting different aspects of health in elderly people as improving immune function and reducing inflammation. Whether modulation of GI microbiota composition, with multi-targeted interventions, could have an effect on the prevention of frailty remains to be further investigated in the perspective of improving the health status of frail ‘high risk' older individuals.

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Giving vs. losing: age differences in decisions about charitable donations

10.32920/ryerson.14661804.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Erika Sparrow

Keyword(s):

Age Differences ◽

Intertemporal Choice ◽

Age Groups ◽

Younger Adults ◽

Healthy Older Adults ◽

Age Related ◽

Financial Decision ◽

Gains And Losses ◽

Effect Of Age ◽

Related Increase

In addition to making decisions about gains and losses that affect only ourselves, often in life we make decisions that benefit others. Research on lifespan changes in motivation suggests that altruistic motives become stronger with age. However, few studies have explored the effect of age on decisions that affect others. The current study used a realistic financial decision making task involving choices for gains, losses, and donations. Each decision involved an intertemporal choice, in which the participant selected either a smaller-sooner or a larger-later option that could affect their bonus payout. Participants included 36 healthy younger adults (M = 25.1 years) and 36 healthy older adults (M = 70.4 years). Both age groups chose more larger-later donations than larger-later losses, but the magnitude of this effect was amplified in older relative to younger adults. These findings suggest that intertemporal choices may be sensitive to an age-related increase in altruistic motivation

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The Aging Brain and Executive Functions Revisited: Implications from Meta-Analytic and Functional-Connectivity Evidence

10.1101/2020.07.15.204941 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Marisa K. Heckner ◽

Edna C. Cieslik ◽

Simon B. Eickhoff ◽

Julia A. Camilleri ◽

Felix Hoffstaedter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Connectivity ◽

Executive Functions ◽

Age Differences ◽

Healthy Aging ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Attentional Focus ◽

Functional Coupling ◽

General Role ◽

Age Related ◽

Meta Analyses

AbstractHealthy aging is associated with changes in cognitive performance including executive functions (EFs) and their associated brain activation patterns. However, it has remained unclear which EF-related brain regions are affected consistently, because the results of pertinent neuroimaging studies and earlier meta-analyses vary considerably. We, therefore, conducted new rigorous meta-analyses of published age differences in EF-related brain activity. Out of a larger set of regions associated with EFs, only left inferior frontal junction (IFJ) and left anterior cuneus/precuneus (aC/PrC) were found to show consistent age differences. To further characterize these two age-sensitive regions, we performed seed-based resting-state functional connectivity (RS-FC) analyses using fMRI data from a large adult sample with a wide age range. We also assessed associations of the two regions’ whole-brain RS-FC patterns with age and EF performance. Although functional profiling and RS-FC analyses point towards a domain-general role of left IFJ in EFs, the pattern of individual study contributions to the meta-analytic results suggests process-specific modulations by age. Our analyses further indicate that left aC/PrC is recruited differently by older (compared to younger) adults during EF tasks, potentially reflecting inefficiencies in switching the attentional focus. Overall, our findings question earlier meta-analytic results and suggest a larger heterogeneity of age-related differences in brain activity associated with EFs. Hence, they encourage future research that pays greater attention to replicability, investigates age-related differences in deactivation, and focuses on more narrowly defined EF subprocesses, combining multiple behavioral assessments with multi-modal imaging.Highlights- Healthy aging is linked to deterioration in executive functions (EFs)- ALE meta-analyses examined consistent age differences in brain activity linked to EFs- In a larger set of EF regions, only left IFJ and (pre)cuneus were sensitive to age- Advanced age was linked to weaker functional coupling within EF-related networks- Our findings question earlier meta-analytic findings

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Giving vs. losing: age differences in decisions about charitable donations

10.32920/ryerson.14661804 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Erika Sparrow

Keyword(s):

Age Differences ◽

Intertemporal Choice ◽

Age Groups ◽

Younger Adults ◽

Healthy Older Adults ◽

Age Related ◽

Financial Decision ◽

Gains And Losses ◽

Effect Of Age ◽

Related Increase

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Age Differences in the Efficiency of Filtering and Ignoring Distraction in Visual Working Memory

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci10080556 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 556

Author(s):

Mariana R. Maniglia ◽

Alessandra S. Souza

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Working Memory ◽

Visual Working Memory ◽

Age Differences ◽

Visual Information ◽

Healthy Aging ◽

Age Related ◽

Continuous Scale ◽

Single Feature

Healthy aging is associated with decline in the ability to maintain visual information in working memory (WM). We examined whether this decline can be explained by decreases in the ability to filter distraction during encoding or to ignore distraction during memory maintenance. Distraction consisted of irrelevant objects (Exp. 1) or irrelevant features of an object (Exp. 2). In Experiment 1, participants completed a spatial WM task requiring remembering locations on a grid. During encoding or during maintenance, irrelevant distractor positions were presented. In Experiment 2, participants encoded either single-feature (colors or orientations) or multifeature objects (colored triangles) and later reproduced one of these features using a continuous scale. In multifeature blocks, a precue appeared before encoding or a retrocue appeared during memory maintenance indicating with 100% certainty to the to-be-tested feature, thereby enabling filtering and ignoring of the irrelevant (not-cued) feature, respectively. There were no age-related deficits in the efficiency of filtering and ignoring distractor objects (Exp. 1) and of filtering irrelevant features (Exp. 2). Both younger and older adults could not ignore irrelevant features when cued with a retrocue. Overall, our results provide no evidence for an aging deficit in using attention to manage visual WM.

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Effect of Cognitive Control on Attentional Processing of Emotional Information Among Older Adults: Evidence From an Eye-Tracking Study

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnagi.2021.644379 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

Author(s):

Haining Liu ◽

Haihong Liu ◽

Feng Li ◽

Buxin Han ◽

Cuili Wang

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Control ◽

Eye Tracking ◽

Healthy Aging ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Younger Adults ◽

Spatial Cueing ◽

Age Related ◽

Cueing Task ◽

Engagement And Disengagement

Background: Although numerous studies have suggested that the gradually increasing selective preference for positive information over negative information in older adults depends on cognitive control processes, few have reported the characteristics of different attention stages in the emotional processing of older individuals. The present study used a real-time eye-tracking technique to disentangle the attentional engagement and disengagement processes involved in age-related positivity effect (PE).Methods: Eye movement data from a spatial-cueing task were obtained for 32 older and 32 younger healthy participants. The spatial-cueing task with varied cognitive loads appeared to be an effective way to explore the role of cognitive control during the attention engagement and disengagement stages of emotion processing.Results: Compared with younger adults, older participants showed more positive gaze preferences when cognitive resources were sufficient for face processing at the attention engagement stage. However, the age-related PE was not observed at the attention disengagement stage because older adults had more difficulty disengaging from fearful faces than did the younger adults due to the consumption of attention by the explicit target judgment.Conclusion: The present study highlights how cognitive control moderates positive gaze preferences at different attention processing stages. These findings may have far-reaching implications for understanding, preventing, and intervening in unsuccessful aging and, thus, in promoting active and healthy aging.

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