scholarly journals Do epigenetic clocks provide explanations for sex differences in lifespan? A cross-sectional twin study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kankaanpää ◽  
Asko Tolvanen ◽  
Pirkko Saikkonen ◽  
Aino Heikkinen ◽  
Eija K Laakkonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Biological Aging ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Path Modelling ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background The sex gap in life expectancy has been narrowing in Finland over the past four to five decades; however, on average, women still live longer than men. Epigenetic clocks are markers for biological aging that predict lifespan. In this study, we examined the mediating role of lifestyle factors on the association between sex and biological aging in younger and older adults. Methods Our sample consists of younger and older twins (21‒42-y, n = 1477; 50‒76-y, n = 763) including 151 complete younger opposite-sex twin pairs (21‒30-y). Blood-based DNA methylation (DNAm) was used to compute epigenetic age acceleration by four epigenetic clocks as a measure of biological aging. Path modelling was used to study whether the association between sex and biological aging is mediated through lifestyle-related factors, i.e. education, body mass index, smoking, alcohol use, and physical activity. Results In comparison to women, men were biologically older and, in general, they had unhealthier life habits. The effect of sex on biological aging was partly mediated by body mass index and, in older twins, by smoking. Sex was directly associated with biological aging and the association was stronger in older twins. Conclusions Previously reported sex differences in lifespan are also evident in biological aging. Declining smoking prevalence among men is a plausible explanation for the narrowing of the difference in life expectancy between the sexes. Data generated by the epigenetic clocks may help in estimating the effects of lifestyle and environmental factors on aging and in predicting aging in future generations.

scholarly journals Do epigenetic clocks provide explanations for sex differences in lifespan? A cross-sectional twin study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kankaanpää ◽  
Asko Tolvanen ◽  
Pirkko Saikkonen ◽  
Aino Heikkinen ◽  
Eija K. Laakkonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Biological Aging ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Epigenetic Age ◽  
Path Modelling ◽  
Epigenetic Age Acceleration ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe sex gap in life expectancy has been narrowing in Finland over the past four to five decades; however, on average, women still live longer than men. Epigenetic clocks are markers for biological aging that predict lifespan. In this study, we examined the mediating role of lifestyle factors on the association between sex and biological aging in younger and older adults.MethodsOur sample included same-sex younger and older twins (21-42-y, n = 1110; 50-76-y, n = 763) and younger opposite-sex twins (21-30-y, n = 302). Blood-based DNA methylation (DNAm) was used to compute epigenetic age acceleration by four epigenetic clocks as a measure of biological aging. Path modelling was used to study whether the association between sex and biological aging is mediated through lifestyle-related factors, i.e. education, body mass index, smoking, alcohol use, and physical activity.FindingsIn comparison to women, men were biologically older and, in general, they had unhealthier life habits. The effect of sex on biological aging was partly mediated by smoking, but only in older twins. Sex was directly associated with biological aging and the association was stronger in older twins.InterpretationPreviously reported sex differences in lifespan are also evident in biological aging. Declining smoking prevalence among men is a plausible explanation for the narrowing of the difference in life expectancy between the sexes. Data generated by the epigenetic clocks may help in estimating the effects of lifestyle and environmental factors on aging and in predicting aging in future generations.

scholarly journals Twenty-year time trends in hypertension prevalence in Yi people of China: three successive cross-sectional studies, 1996–2015

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. e022714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Zhang ◽  
Shaoping Wan ◽  
Biao Zhang ◽  
Fen Dong ◽  
Li Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertension Prevalence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Female Farmers ◽  
The Difference

ObjectiveTo explore the trend of hypertension prevalence and related factors in Yi people from 1996 to 2015.MethodsThree successive cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in 1996, 2007 and 2015, respectively. A total of 8448 participants aged 20–80 years (5040 Yi farmers, 3408 Yi migrants) were included in final analysis.ResultsOverall, the age-standardised prevalence of hypertension in migrants was significantly higher than in farmers. Furthermore, the age-standardised prevalence rates increased from 10.1% to 15.3% to 19.6% in Yi migrants and from 4.0% to 6.3% to 13.1% in Yi farmers during 1996 to 2007 to 2015. The highest 2015-to-1996 ratio of age-standardised hypertension prevalence was in male farmers (ratio=4.30), whereas despite the highest prevalence of hypertension, the equivalent figure in male migrants was 1.57. The older age, overweight and obesity were persistent risk factors of hypertension in three periods. After adjusted for age and body mass index, the difference of hypertension prevalence between 1996 and 2015 then vanished in male migrants (OR=1.335; 95% CI: 0.884 to 2.015) and female farmers (OR=1.267; 95% CI: 0.590 to 2.719). The disparities of hypertension prevalence between Yi migrants and farmers were not statistically significant in all subgroups when adjusted for age, body mass index and education.ConclusionsOver the past two decades, the hypertension prevalence in Yi people has significantly increased. Yi migrants were more likely to be hypertensive than Yi farmers which was predominantly driven by the discrepancy of body mass index between them.

scholarly journals Body Mass Index (BMI) and Dental Caries Experience among Children of Eastern Region of Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Tarakant Bhagat ◽  
Ashish Shrestha ◽  
Santosh Kumari Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Difference

 Introduction: Dental caries and obesity share some common, modifiable influences such as diet and lifestyle including changes in physical activity and food characters. So, obesity can be considered as a predictor of dental caries and various studies have shown the positive association between these two factors. Objective: The study aims to analyze the relationship between dental caries and BMI in children of eastern region of Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used comprising 600 school children in eastern region of Nepal. Anthropometric measures for the calculation of Body Mass Index (BMI), occurrence of dental caries, missing, and filled teeth due to caries in both the primary and permanent dentition (dft and DMFT respectively) were collected. Data were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation and independent t test to assess correlation between dental caries and BMI. Results: Dental caries prevalence was 57.3%. The difference in caries experience among gender was insignificant (p = 0.172). Caries experience decreased significantly with increase in years of schooling (p = 0.002) and with increase in age (p < 0.001). Caries experience increased with an increase in BMI but was not significant (p = 0.199). There was a positive correlation between BMI and DMFT /DMFS but was not statistically significant. The correlation between dft and dfs was statistically significant. Conclusions: The study indicated that some form of correlation existed between BMI and dental caries but the association was weak. Healthy with age children experience more caries than overweight and underweight children.

scholarly journals The Study On Range Of Motion Of Hip And Knee In Prayer By Adult Muslim Males. A Preliminary Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariff MS ◽  
Arshad AA ◽  
Johari MH ◽  
Rahimin Affandi MAS ◽  
Fadzli AS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: Praying represents a fundamental activity of daily living in Muslim community. Muslims need to adopt several postures that require deep flexion of the knee and hip to perform this daily obligation. This is a preliminary report of the study on hip and knee range of motion conducted to obtain normative passive and functional range of flexion data during Muslim prayers in both weight-bearing joints of normal Muslim adults. Methods: A cohort of Malay men aged between 20 to 30 years was recruited in this cross-sectional study. Passive range of motion and flexion angles of the joints in various postures during prayer were measured using a standard goniometer. The difference against existing normative range of motion database available and the influence of various factors were analysed. Factors analysed include body mass index and other anthropometric measurements. Results: Sixty participants recruited for the preliminary phase of this study. The mean (SD) of passive hip and knee flexions were higher compared to other existing normative range of motion database. A unit increase in body mass index will have 0.782 units lower of knee range of motion. The hip and knee flexion arc were from 74.1° to 119.0° and from 3.3° to 119.7° respectively. Conclusion: The range of motion involved for prayers was more for the knee but less for the hip as compared to the measured passive range of motion. Body mass index has a significant linear negative relationship with the passive range of motion of the knee, but not the hip.

scholarly journals Adiponection Serum Levels in Severe Preeclampsia

2021 ◽  
pp. 134-139
Author(s):  
Hermie M.M. Tendean ◽  
Juneke J. Kaeng ◽  
Astrina Supandy
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Pregnant Patient ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Severe Preeclampsia ◽  
Inform Consent ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Research Procedure ◽  
The Difference

Objective : To determine the difference adiponectin serum levels in pregnant patient with severe preeclampsia and normotency in Manado. Methods : This study is a cross sectional study which the number of samples obtained was 52 samples in which the sample was divided into 26 pregnant samples with severe preeclampsia and 26 control samples. Samples were taken from Prof. dr. R. D. Kandou Manado Hospital and network hospitals around Manado within the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All patients were explained about the research procedure and singning the informed consent and take a blood sample by using the ELIZA method. After the data is collected, it is entered into the SPSS version 23.0 program for data analysis. Results : There was a significant relationship between adiponection serum levels with the incidency of severe preeclampsia and normotency. But for body mass index variables there were no significant differences by using T test (independent sample) in each severe preeclampsia and normotency pregnancy group where p=0.903. Body mass index, height, weight, and weight gain during pregnancy showed that there is no difference between cases and controls (p>0.05) which means that body mass index is not related to the stete of the severe preeclampsia and normotency. Conclusions : There was no relationship between BMI, age, parity, smoking, baby outcomes, delivery method and gestational age with the incidence of severe preeclampsia and normotency against adiponectin in this study. Keywords: adiponectin, obstetrics, preeclampsia.   Abstrak Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar adiponektin serum pada pasien hamil preeklamsia berat dengan hamil normal di Kota Manado. Metode : Studi ini merupakan studi potong lintang.  Jumlah Sampel yang didapatkan sebesar 52 sampel dimana sampel dibagi menjadi 26 sampel hamil dengan preeklamsia berat dan 26 sampel kontrol. Sampel diambil dari RSUP Prof. dr. R. D. Kandou Manado dan rumah sakit jejaring sekitar manado yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Semua pasien dijelaskan mengenai prosedur penelitian dan penandatanganan inform consent baru dilakukan pengambilan sampel darah untuk dilakukan pemeriksaan laboratorium dengan menggunakan metode ELISA. Setelah data dikumpulkan, maka dimasukkan ke dalam program SPSS versi 23.0 untuk data analisis. Hasil : Perhitungan dengan menggunakan uji statistik Mann - Whitney menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan bermakna nilai rata-rata kadar adiponektin pada pasien hamil normal dengan pasien PEB     (p = 0,000). Adanya hubungan bermakna kadar adiponektin dengan kejadian preeklamsia berat. Namun untuk variabel IMT yang dilakukan secara uji t (sampel independen) didapatkan kesimpulan tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada masing-masing kelompok normotensi dan kelompok preeklamsia berat di mana p= 0,903, indeks massa tubuh, tinggi badan, berat badan, serta pertambahan berat badan selama kehamilan tidak berbeda antara kasus dan kontrol (p>0,5). Ini berarti bahwa IMT tidak berhubungan dengan keadaan terjadinya preeklamsia berat. Kesimpulan: Tidak didapatkan hubungan antara IMT, usia, paritas, merokok, luaran bayi, cara persalinan dan usia kehamilan dengan kejadian preeklamsia berat dan normotensi  terhadap adiponektin pada penelitian ini. Kata kunci : adiponektin,  obstetri, preeklamsia.

KEJADIAN PENYAKIT HIPERTENSI DAN INDEKS MASSA TUBUH PADA PEREMPUAN YANG TINGGAL DI PEDESAAN DAN PERKOTAAN

2019 ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
Venti Agustina
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Normal Body Mass Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Body ◽  
Stadium I

Hipertensiadalah penyebab kematian utama di Indonesia. Kematian akibat hipertensi lebih banyak terjadi di perkotaan dibandingkan di desa. Tingginya kejadian hipertensi dipengaruhi oleh faktor yang dapat dikontrol (obesitas,berat badan lebih, konsumsi garam berlebih,aktivitas fisik rendah, perokok, dan konsumsi alkohol) dan faktor yang tidak dapat dikontrol (genetik, usia, dan jenis kelamin). Penelitian bertujuan memberikan gambarandistribusi tekanan darah dan indeks massa tubuh (IMT) pendudukperempuan di kota maupun di desa.Desain penelitian adalah deskriptif kuatitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Data primer didapatkan melalui pengukuran tekanan darah, tinggi badan dan berat badan. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Kutowinangun Kidul, Kecamatan Tingkir,Salatiga yang mewakili penduduk perempuan di perkotaan dan Desa Batur, Kecamatan Getasan, Kabupaten Semarangyang mewakili penduduk perempuan pedesaan. Adapun jumlah sampel masing-masing 66 respondendan 72responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kejadian penyakit hipertensi, resiko obese dan obese lebih didominasi oleh respondendi perkotaan dibandingkan di pedesaan dengan rentang usia di atas 46 tahun. Respondendi desa dengan indeks massa tubuh normal cenderung mengalami pre-hipertensi (8,3%) dan hipertensi stadium I (6,9%) sementararesponden dengan resiko obese dan obese cenderung mengalami hipertensi stadium I (1,4%).Respondendi kota dengan indeks massa tubuh normal cenderung mengalami pre hipertensi (6,06%), hipertensi stadium I (4,5%) dan II (7,5%). Responden dengan resiko obese cenderung mengalami hipertensi stadium I (4,5%), dan responden dengan obese I dan II cenderung mengalami pre-hipertensi (4,5%).   Hypertension is the leading cause of death in Indonesia. Deaths due to hypertension are more common in urban areas than in villages. The high incidence of hypertension is influenced by factors that can be controlled (obesity, overweight, excessive salt consumption, low physical activity, smokers, and alcohol consumption) and factors that cannot be controlled (genetic, age, and sex). The study aimed to provide an overview of blood pressure distribution and body mass index (BMI) of female residents in cities and villages. The study design was descriptive quantitative with a cross sectional approach. Primary data was obtained through measurements of blood pressure, height and weight. The study was conducted in Kutowinangun Kidul Village, Tingkir Subdistrict, Salatiga representing women in urban areas and Batur Village, Getasan Subdistrict, Semarang Regency, representing rural women. The number of samples was 66 respondents and 72 respondents respectively. The results showed that the incidence of hypertension, the risk of obese and obese was more dominated by respondents in urban areas than in rural areas with ages above 46 years. Respondents in villages with normal body mass index tended to experience pre-hypertension (8.3%) and stage I hypertension (6.9%) while respondents with obese and obese risk tended to experience stage I hypertension (1.4%). Respondents in cities with normal body mass index tended to experience pre-hypertension (6.06%), stage I hypertension (4.5%) and II (7.5%). Respondents with obese risk tended to experience stage I hypertension (4.5%), and respondents with obese I and II tended to experience pre-hypertension (4.5%).

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