scholarly journals Does Cognitive Self-Report Measure Type Differentially Predict Cognitive Decline? A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 292-292
Author(s):  
Rachel Wion ◽  
Nikki Hill ◽  
Tyler Bell ◽  
Jacqueline Mogle ◽  
Jennifer Yates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Memory Decline ◽  
Memory Problems ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Global Cognition ◽  
With Memory ◽  
Report Measure

Abstract Up to 47% of older adults without measurable cognitive impairment report difficulties with memory and thinking which potentially increases their risk for developing cognitive decline. Many measures are used for assessing self-reported cognition; however, certain types of these measures may be more predictive of cognitive decline. The purpose of this systematic review was to compare the role of cognitive self-report measure types in predicting risk for cognitive decline. PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases were searched using the following inclusion criteria: longitudinal studies, outcome of cognitive decline, and two or more cognitive self-report measures. A total of 4,319 articles were identified during the initial search and narrowed to 19 final articles. The Quality in Prognosis Studies tool was used to determine study quality. Six comparison themes emerged during synthesis: self-reported cognition or memory with or without worry; self-reported global cognition or self-reported memory; self-reported memory decline and self-reported executive function decline; self-reported cognition and self-reported memory by others; self-reported memory and self-reported memory problems in comparison with peers; and self-reported memory and self-reported memory affecting daily function. Self-reported memory decline with worry and self-reported memory problems by others were most predictive of future impairment. It was difficult to definitively determine whether certain cognitive self-report measure types where more predictive of risk for cognitive decline because there were very few articles in some of the comparison groups. Future investigations of self-reported cognition should focus on using measures that have been shown to be the most efficacious at predicting risk for cognitive decline.

The Role of Cognitive Self-Report Measure Type in Predicting Cognitive Decline Among Older Adults: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 089198872110235
Author(s):  
Rachel K. Wion ◽  
Nikki L. Hill ◽  
Tyler Reed Bell ◽  
Jacqueline Mogle ◽  
Jennifer Yates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Narrative Synthesis ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Memory Decline ◽  
Peer Perceptions ◽  
Cognitive Problems ◽  
Report Measure

Many types of items are used to measure self-reported cognition, resulting in heterogeneity across studies. Certain cognitive self-report measure types may be more predictive of future decline. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review was to compare whether specific types of cognitive self-report measures better predict risk for cognitive decline over time when measures are directly compared within the same study. The PRISMA criteria guided the review. Eligibility criteria included: longitudinal studies, outcome of cognitive decline, at least 2 different cognitive self-report measures, and no cognitive impairment at baseline. Nineteen studies were included in the final review. A narrative synthesis of results was completed, resulting in 3 thematic groups of comparisons across self-reported measure types. Self-reported memory decline with worry and peer perceptions of memory were associated with the highest risk for cognitive decline. Future longitudinal investigations of self-reported cognitive problems should focus on using measures that may be most sensitive to predicting cognitive decline risk.

scholarly journals Role of Hope and Perceived Social Support in Predicting Posttraumatic Growth among Half- Widows in Kashmir

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadaf Anjum ◽  
Shahina Maqbool
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Posttraumatic Growth ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Total Growth ◽  
Strongly Agree ◽  
Report Measure

Purpose: The study investigates the role of hope and perceived social support in predicting posttraumatic growth among half-widows in Kashmir. Method: A correlational design was applied. The sample consists of 150 half widows with age ranging between (35-65) yrs, taken from Srinagar, Kupwara and Kulgam districts in Kashmir. Purposive sampling was the technique used for collection of data. Tools used: The Posttraumatic growth inventory developed by Tedeschi and Calhoun in 1996 is a 21-item, 6-point scale self-report measure. The summation of all 21 items yielded a total growth score which can range from 0 to 105. Higher scores were indicative of greater growth. In the present study, internal consistency (Cronbach’s α) of the total score was .96 and item-total correlations ranged from .59 to .82. The Trait Hope Scale (Snyder et al., 1991), comprising the 4-item Agency subscale and the 4-item Pathways subscale. Items are scored on an 8-point Likert scale, anchors ranging from ‘1 = Definitely False’ to ‘8 = Definitely True’. Both subscales have adequate internal reliability, with Cronbach’s alphas ranging from .70 to .84 for the Agency subscale, and from .63 to .86 for the Pathways subscale (Snyder et al., 1991). Perceived Social Support was measured using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). The MSPSS was developed by Zimet et al. (1988). The scale is a 12-item self-report measure for subjective assessment of experienced social support from three sources: Family, Friends, and Significant Other. Each item is rated on a 7-point Likert-type scale ranging from “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree”. The total score ranges from 12 to 84 for the entire 12-item questionnaire and from 4 to 28 for each of the three subscales. For these three subscales higher scores indicate greater perceived social support. In the current study reliability coefficient of the scale is 0.89.

Edentulism and Trajectories of Cognitive Functioning Among Older Adults: The Role of Dental Care Service Utilization

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 744-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sae Hwang Han ◽  
Bei Wu ◽  
Jeffrey A. Burr
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Service Utilization ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Health Care Expenditures ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Dental Services

Objective: This study examined the associations between edentulism, dental care service utilization, and cognitive functioning trajectories among older adults. Method: Longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (2006-2014) were employed to examine individuals aged 51 and older who were identified as having normal cognition at baseline ( N = 12,405). Cognitive functioning was measured with a modified version of the Telephone Interview for Cognition Status. Edentulism was self-reported as total tooth loss at baseline. Dental care service utilization was measured by self-report of having visited a dentist at least once during the previous 2 years. Results: The results indicated that edentulism and dental care service utilization were independently associated with cognitive decline during the observation period. Findings also showed that dental care service utilization moderated the association between edentulism and cognitive decline. Discussion: The findings suggested that providing access to dental services may promote cognitive health and potentially reduce health care expenditures.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF PERSONALITY ON MEMORY SELF-REPORT AMONG BLACK AND WHITE OLDER ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S220-S220
Author(s):  
Nikki Hill ◽  
Jacqueline Mogle ◽  
Sakshi Bhargava ◽  
Tyler Bell ◽  
Rachel Wion
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Memory Decline ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Memory Problems ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
One Year

Abstract Personality traits, particularly neuroticism, have been associated with self-reported memory problems, but little is known regarding differences across racial groups. Community-dwelling older adults (n=425; M(SD) = 76.7(4.7) years; 62.6% female; 72.0% White) without cognitive impairment completed up to 11 annual comprehensive medical and neuropsychological examinations as part of the Einstein Aging Study. Multilevel modeling tested: 1) the association of neuroticism, conscientiousness, extraversion, openness, and agreeableness with three types of self-reported memory problems (frequency, one-year decline, and ten-year decline), and 2) whether these associations differed by race, specifically Black and White. Neuroticism predicted self-reported frequency of memory problems and perceived one-year decline when considered alone; however, this did not remain significant after including all personality traits. Conscientiousness influenced perceived ten-year memory decline in Black older adults but not White. Our findings suggest that the influence of personality on self-reported memory problems may not be consistent across racial groups.

Why Won’t You Listen to Me? Measuring Receptiveness to Opposing Views

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 3069-3094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia A. Minson ◽  
Frances S. Chen ◽  
Catherine H. Tinsley
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Opposing Party ◽  
Report Measure

We develop an 18-item self-report measure of receptiveness to opposing views. Studies 1a and 1b present the four-factor scale and report measures of internal, convergent, and discriminant validity. In study 2, more receptive individuals chose to consume proportionally more information from U.S. senators representing the opposing party than from their own party. In study 3, more receptive individuals reported less mind wandering when viewing a speech with which they disagreed, relative to one with which they agreed. In study 4, more receptive individuals evaluated supporting and opposing policy arguments more impartially. In study 5, we find that voters who opposed Donald Trump but reported being more receptive at the time of the election were more likely to watch the inauguration, evaluate the content of the inauguration speech in a more even-handed manner, and select a more balanced portfolio of news outlets for later consumption than their less receptive counterparts. We discuss the scale as a tool to investigate the role of receptiveness for conflict, decision making, and collaboration. This paper was accepted by Elke Weber, judgment and decision making.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular risk factors and memory decline in middle-aged and older adults: the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Olaya ◽  
Maria Victoria Moneta ◽  
Martin Bobak ◽  
Josep Maria Haro ◽  
Panayotes Demakakos
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Memory Decline ◽  
With Memory ◽  
English Longitudinal Study

Abstract Background We investigated the association between trajectories of verbal episodic memory and burden of cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged and older community-dwellers. Methods We analysed data from 4372 participants aged 50–64 and 3005 persons aged 65–79 years old from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing who were repeatedly evaluated every 2 years and had six interviews of a 10-year follow-up. We measured the following baseline risk factors: diabetes, hypertension, smoking, physical inactivity and obesity to derive a cardiovascular risk factor score (CVRFs). Adjusted linear mixed effect regression models were estimated to determine the association between number of CVFRs and six repeated measurements of verbal memory scores, separately for middle-aged and older adults. Results CVRFs was not significantly associated with memory at baseline. CVFRs was significantly associated with memory decline in middle-aged (50-64y), but not in older (65-79y) participants. This association followed a dose-response pattern with increasing number of CVFRs being associated with greater cognitive decline. Comparisons between none versus some CVRFs yielded significant differences (p < 0.05). Conclusions Our findings confirm that the effect of cumulative CVRFs on subsequent cognitive deterioration is age-dependent. CVRFs are associated with cognitive decline in people aged 50–64 years, but not in those aged ≥65 years. Although modest, the memory decline associated with accumulation of cardiovascular risk factors in midlife may increase the risk of late-life dementia.

“What’ve I done to deserve this?” The role of deservingness in reactions to being an upward comparison target

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-25
Author(s):  
Erika J. Koch ◽  
Shawnee F.M. Totton
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Individual Difference ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Individual Difference Variables ◽  
Upward Comparison ◽  
Report Measure ◽  
Comparison Target

Outperforming others may be an ambivalent experience, simultaneously evoking pride and discomfort. Two experiments examined the role of deservingness in reactions to being an upward comparison target. Study 1 took place online and experimentally manipulated deservingness by modifying a self-report measure of Sensitivity about Being the Target of a Threatening Upward Comparison (STTUC). Participants predicted more distress and less positive affect under conditions of undeserved (vs. deserved) success; several individual difference variables moderated these effects. Study 2 systematically varied a confederate’s effort to manipulate the perceived deservingness of an outperformed person. Participants were especially likely to downplay their score in the presence of a confederate who appeared to work hard on a task but nevertheless performed poorly. Collectively, findings suggest that people respond most strongly to STTUC when a mismatch exists between deservingness and outcomes.

scholarly journals Neuropathology of dementia in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review of autopsy studies

2019 ◽  
pp. jnnp-2019-321111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Callum Smith ◽  
Naveed Malek ◽  
Katherine Grosset ◽  
Breda Cullen ◽  
Steve Gentleman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Amyloid Angiopathy ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Rapid Cognitive Decline

BackgroundDementia is a common, debilitating feature of late Parkinson’s disease (PD). PD dementia (PDD) is associated with α-synuclein propagation, but coexistent Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology may coexist. Other pathologies (cerebrovascular, transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43)) may also influence cognition. We aimed to describe the neuropathology underlying dementia in PD.MethodsSystematic review of autopsy studies published in English involving PD cases with dementia. Comparison groups included PD without dementia, AD, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and healthy controls.Results44 reports involving 2002 cases, 57.2% with dementia, met inclusion criteria. While limbic and neocortical α-synuclein pathology had the strongest association with dementia, between a fifth and a third of all PD cases in the largest studies had comorbid AD. In PD cases with dementia, tau pathology was moderate or severe in around a third, and amyloid-β pathology was moderate or severe in over half. Amyloid-β was associated with a more rapid cognitive decline and earlier mortality, and in the striatum, distinguished PDD from DLB. Positive correlations between multiple measures of α-synuclein, tau and amyloid-β were found. Cerebrovascular and TDP-43 pathologies did not generally contribute to dementia in PD. TDP-43 and amyloid angiopathy correlated with coexistent Alzheimer pathology.ConclusionsWhile significant α-synuclein pathology is the main substrate of dementia in PD, coexistent pathologies are common. In particular, tau and amyloid-β pathologies independently contribute to the development and pattern of cognitive decline in PD. Their presence should be assessed in future clinical trials where dementia is a key outcome measure.Trial registration number CRD42018088691.

scholarly journals NEUROTICISM PREDICTS INFORMANT-REPORTED COGNITIVE DECLINE THROUGH HEALTH BEHAVIORS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S846-S846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel D Best ◽  
Patrick J Cruitt ◽  
Patrick L Hill
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Informant Report ◽  
Screening Measure ◽  
Control Traffic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Item Scale ◽  
Report Measure

Abstract Our current study attempts to better understand the relationship between personality and cognitive decline. In this study, we analyzed whether health behaviors act as mediating variables for the relationship between personality and cognitive decline. Additionally, we were interested to see how personality influences different health behaviors, and which health behaviors in particular are predictive of cognitive decline. In addition to analyzing the composite score of health behaviors in relation to personality and cognitive decline, we analyzed each of its four components (wellness maintenance, accident control, traffic risk, and substance abuse; Vickers, Conway & Hervig, 1990). To measure cognitive decline, we used the Ascertain Dementia Eight Item Scale, an informant-report screening measure. Personality has consistently been linked to cognitive decline (Curtis, Windsor & Soubelet, 2015; Chapman, Duberstein, Tindle, Sink, Robbins, Tancredi & Franks, 2013; Low, Harrison & Lackersteen, 2013), but has not yet been analyzed with an informant report measure. Informant-report may be more reliable than self-report when measuring cognitive decline because participants who exhibit cognitive impairment may not be equipped or willing to report about their own cognitive ability. We found that neuroticism significantly predicted informant-reported cognitive decline and that this relationship was mediated by health behaviors, specifically, wellness maintenance. Wellness maintenance was the only category of health behavior that predicted informant-reported cognitive decline. Surprisingly, conscientiousness was unrelated to informant-reported cognitive decline as were extraversion, agreeableness, and openness to experience.

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