scholarly journals Social Activity and All-Cause Mortality in Older Black Adults of the Minority Aging Research Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 261-261
Author(s):  
Bryan James ◽  
Ana Capuano ◽  
Robert Wilson ◽  
Lisa Barnes ◽  
Melissa Lamar
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Black Adults ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
White Adults

Abstract Negative social stressors (e.g., perceived loneliness and/or social isolation) predict mortality in older adults; less is known about the role of positive social activities. What research does exist focuses on White adults, leaving gaps in knowledge regarding specific activities that may decrease mortality risk in Black adults. We investigated whether self-reported late-life social activity, generally and by type, predicted mortality risk in 768 Black adults (age~73yrs; non-demented at baseline) participating in MARS. Over ~6.5 follow-up years, 25% of participants died (n=192; age-at-death~83yrs). In fully-adjusted Cox models including demographic, health, and relevant psychosocial covariates, mortality risk decreased by 32% (HR=0.68,95%CI=0.49,0.93) in those with higher compared to lower social activity generally, and with higher volunteer-, church- and group-related activities specifically. Engaging in social activity, especially altruistic or faith-based activities, reduces mortality risk in older Blacks regardless of overall health or social stressors pointing toward community-based approaches to increase longevity in this population.

scholarly journals Anxiety and the risk of death in older men and women

2004 ◽  
Vol 185 (5) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hein P. J. van Hout ◽  
Aartjan T. F. Beekman ◽  
Edwin De Beurs ◽  
Hannie Comijs ◽  
Harm Van Marwijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Difference ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Screening Design ◽  
Older Men And Women

BackgroundThere are inconsistent reports as to whether people with anxiety disorders have a higher mortality risk.AimsTo determine whether anxiety disorders predict mortality in older men and women in the community Method Longitudinal data were used from a large, community-based random sample (n=3107) of older men and women (55–85 years) in The Netherlands, with a follow-up period of 7.5 years. Anxiety disorders were assessed according to DSM–III criteria in a two-stage screening design.ResultsIn men, the adjusted mortality risk was 1.78 (95% Cl 1.01–3.13) in cases with diagnosed anxiety disorders at baseline. In women, no significant association was found with mortality.ConclusionsThe study revealed a gender difference in the association between anxiety and mortality. For men, but not for women, an increased mortality risk was found for anxiety disorders.

Resting heart rate, temporal changes in resting heart rate, and overall and cause-specific mortality

Heart ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 104 (13) ◽  
pp. 1076-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Seviiri ◽  
Brigid M Lynch ◽  
Allison M Hodge ◽  
Yi Yang ◽  
Danny Liew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study ◽  
Trained Staff

ObjectiveMost studies investigating the association between resting heart rate (RHR) and mortality have focused on cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, and measured RHR at only one time point. We aimed to assess associations of RHR and changes in RHR over approximately a decade with overall and cause-specific mortality.MethodsWe used data from participants in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study with RHR measures at baseline (1990–1994; n=41 386; 9846 deaths) and at follow-up (2003–2007; n=21 692; 2818 deaths). RHR measures were taken by trained staff, using Dinamap monitors. Cox models were used to estimate HR and 95% CI for the associations between RHR and mortality. Vital status and cause of death were ascertained until August 2015 and December 2013, respectively.ResultsAfter adjustment for confounders, including blood pressure and known medical conditions but not arrhythmias or atrial fibrillation, RHR was associated with a higher risk of death of similar magnitude for CVD (HR per 10 beats per minute (bpm)=1.11, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.16), cancer (HR=1.10, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.13) and other causes (HR=1.20, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.25). Higher mortality was observed for most cancer sites, including breast (HR=1.16, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.31), colorectal (HR=1.18, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.29), kidney (HR=1.27, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.57) and lung cancer (HR=1.19, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.29). Temporal increases in RHR were associated with higher mortality, particularly for individuals whose RHR increased by more than 15 bpm.ConclusionsRHR and changes in RHR over a decade are associated with mortality risk, including from causes other than CVD such as breast, colorectal or lung cancer. Monitoring of RHR may have utility in identifying individuals at higher mortality risk.

scholarly journals Fragmented Sinoatrial Dynamics in the Prediction of Atrial Fibrillation: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madalena D. Costa ◽  
Susan Redline ◽  
Elsayed Z Soliman ◽  
Ary L Goldberger ◽  
Susan R Heckbert
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Atrial Remodeling ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Ethnic Study ◽  
Genomic Epidemiology

Heart rate fragmentation (HRF), a marker of abnormal sinoatrial dynamics, was shown to be associated with incident cardiovascular events in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Here, we test the hypothesis that HRF is also associated with incident atrial fibrillation (AF) in the MESA cohort of participants who underwent in-home polysomnography (PSG) and in two high-risk subgroups: those ≥70 years taking antihypertensive medication and those with serum concentrations of N-terminal prohormone B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) >125 pg/ml (top quartile). Heart rate time series (n=1,865) derived from the ECG channel of the PSG were analyzed using newly developed HRF metrics, traditional heart rate variability (HRV) indices and two widely used nonlinear measures. Eighty-three participants developed AF over a median follow-up period of 3.83 ± 0.87 years. A one-SD increase in HRF was associated with a 35% (95% CI: 7%-70%) increase in risk of incident AF, in Cox models adjusted for age, height, NT-proBNP and frequent premature supraventricular complexes. Furthermore, HRF added value to the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE)-AF model. Traditional HRV and nonlinear indices were not significantly associated with incident AF. In the two high-risk subgroups defined above, HRF was also significantly associated with incident AF in unadjusted and adjusted models. These findings support the translational utility of HRF metrics for short-term (approximately four-year) prediction of AF. In addition, they support broadening the concept of atrial remodeling to include electrodynamical remodeling, a term used to refer to pathophysiologic alterations in sinus interbeat interval dynamics.

scholarly journals Increased mortality among people with anxiety disorders: total population study

2016 ◽  
Vol 209 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra M. Meier ◽  
Manuel Mattheisen ◽  
Ole Mors ◽  
Preben B. Mortensen ◽  
Thomas M. Laursen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Mortality Rate Ratio

BackgroundAnxiety disorders and depression are the most common mental disorders worldwide and have a striking impact on global disease burden. Although depression has consistently been found to increase mortality; the role of anxiety disorders in predicting mortality risk is unclear.AimsTo assess mortality risk in people with anxiety disorders.MethodWe used nationwide Danish register data to conduct a prospective cohort study with over 30 million person-years of follow-up.ResultsIn total, 1066 (2.1%) people with anxiety disorders died during an average follow-up of 9.7 years. The risk of death by natural and unnatural causes was significantly higher among individuals with anxiety disorders (natural mortality rate ratio (MRR) = 1.39, 95% CI 1.28–1.51; unnatural MRR= 2.46, 95% CI 2.20–2.73) compared with the general population. Of those who died from unnatural causes, 16.5% had comorbid diagnoses of depression (MRR = 11.72, 95% CI 10.11–13.51).ConclusionsAnxiety disorders significantly increased mortality risk. Comorbidity of anxiety disorders and depression played an important part in the increased mortality.

scholarly journals The duration of obesity and the risk of type 2 diabetes

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asnawi Abdullah ◽  
Johannes Stoelwinder ◽  
Susan Shortreed ◽  
Rory Wolfe ◽  
Christopher Stevenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Diabetes Status ◽  
Relevant Risk Factor ◽  
History Of

AbstractObjectiveThe evidence for the association between obesity and the risk of type 2 diabetes has been derived mainly from the analysis of the degree of obesity. The role of the duration of obesity as an independent risk has not been fully explored. The objective of the present study was to investigate the association between the duration of obesity and the risk of type 2 diabetes.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingThe Framingham Heart Study (FHS), follow-up from 1948 to 1998.SubjectsA total of 1256 FHS participants who were free from type 2 diabetes at baseline, but were obese on at least two consecutive of the study’s twenty-four biennial examinations, were included. Type 2 diabetes status was collected throughout the 48 years of follow-up of the study. The relationship between duration of obesity and type 2 diabetes was analysed using time-dependent Cox models, adjusting for a number of covariates.ResultsThe unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) for the risk of type 2 diabetes for men was 1·13 (95 % CI 1·09, 1·17) and for women was 1·12 (95 % CI 1·08, 1·16) per additional 2-year increase in the duration of obesity. Adjustment for sociodemographic variables, family history of diabetes, health behaviour and physical activity made little difference to these HR. For women the evidence of a dose–response relationship was less clear than for men, particularly for women with an older age at obesity onset.ConclusionsThe duration of obesity is a relevant risk factor for type 2 diabetes, independent of the degree of BMI.

scholarly journals Identifying People with Depression: The role of ‘Self Rated Health’

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Nafisa Huq ◽  
Tarzia Choudhury ◽  
Samia Aziz ◽  
SM Yasir Arafat ◽  
M Omar Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
One Year ◽  
Independent University

Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide. However, it is under recognized and undertreated. Self-rated health is a one-item question that has been used for population health monitoring. It was aimed to examine the prospect of using ‘self-rated health’ (SRH) in identifying people with depression among adult community-based population in Bangladesh over a one-year period controlling for socio-demographic, chronic diseases and symptoms, physical disability, smoking, and life events. We examined data from 3455 participants aged 18 years and above who participated in the 2015 January and 2016 January Health and Socio-Economic Survey of Independent University, Bangladesh. Using multiple logistic regressions, depression at baseline was examined to predict self-rated health at one-year follow-up adjusting for socio-demographic variables, chronic diseases, risk behaviors, and life events. Respondents with depression at baseline had 35% higher odds of reporting poor SRH in the follow-up round compared to those with no depression (OR=1.35, 95% CI=1.03 1.78, P<0.03). SRH may be used by community health workers as a preliminary indicator to identify people who may have depression followed by further screening and management for depression. South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.8(1) 2018: 10-16

scholarly journals The triglyceride-glucose index as a measure of insulin resistance and risk of obesity-related cancers

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Fritz ◽  
Tone Bjørge ◽  
Gabriele Nagel ◽  
Jonas Manjer ◽  
Anders Engeland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Tyg Index ◽  
Triglyceride Glucose Index ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Surrogate Measure

Abstract Background The role of insulin resistance as a mediator in the association of body mass index (BMI) with site-specific cancer risk has, to our knowledge, never been systematically quantified. Methods Altogether 510 471 individuals from six European cohorts, with a mean age of 43.1 years, were included. We used the triglyceride glucose product (TyG index) as a surrogate measure for insulin resistance. We fitted Cox models, adjusted for relevant confounders, to investigate associations of TyG index with 10 common obesity-related cancers, and quantified the proportion of the effect of BMI mediated through TyG index on the log-transformed hazard ratio (HR) scale. Results During a median follow-up of 17.2 years, 16 052 individuals developed obesity-related cancers. TyG index was associated with the risk of cancers of the kidney HR per one standard deviation increase 1.13, 95% confidence interval: 1.07 to 1.20], liver (1.13, 1.04 to 1.23), pancreas (1.12, 1.06 to 1.19), colon (1.07, 1.03 to 1.10) and rectum (1.09, 1.04 to 1.14). Substantial proportions of the effect of BMI were mediated by TyG index for cancers of the pancreas (42%), rectum (34%) and colon (20%); smaller proportions for kidney (15%) and liver (11%). Little or no mediation was observed for breast (postmenopausal), endometrial and ovarian cancer. Results were similar for males and females, except for pancreatic cancer where the proportions mediated were 20% and 91%, respectively. Conclusions The TyG index was associated with increased risk of cancers of the digestive system and substantially mediated the effect of BMI, suggesting that insulin resistance plays a promoting role in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal cancers.

scholarly journals Loneliness, health and mortality

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Henriksen ◽  
E. R. Larsen ◽  
C. Mattisson ◽  
N. W. Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Relative Risk Of Death ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Health And Mortality

Aims.Literature suggests an association between loneliness and mortality for both males and females. Yet, the linkage of loneliness to mortality is not thoroughly examined, and need to be replicated with a long follow-up time. This study assessed the association between loneliness and mortality, including associations to gender, in 1363 adult swedes.Methods.This community-based prospective cohort study from the Swedish Lundby Study included 1363 individuals of whom 296 individuals (21.7%) were identified as lonely with use of semi-structured interviews in 1997. The cohort was followed until 2011 and survival analyses were used to estimate the relative risk of death.Results.Death occurred with an incidence rate of 2.63 per 100 person-years and 2.09 per 100 person-years for lonely and non-lonely individuals, respectively. In crude analysis, loneliness was associated with a significant increased mortality risk of 27% compared with non-lonely individuals [hazard ratio (HR) 1.27; 95% CI 1.01–1.60]. Unadjusted, lonely females had a significant increased risk (HR 1.76; 95% CI 1.31–2.34) and adjusted insignificant increased mortality risk of 27% (HR 1.27; 95% CI 0.92–1.74), compared with non-lonely females. Lonely males were found to have an adjusted significant decreased risk of mortality (HR 0.50; 95% CI 0.32–0.80), compared with non-lonely males.Conclusions.Findings suggest an association between loneliness and increased risk of mortality and that gender differences may exist, which have not been previously reported. If replicated, our results indicate that loneliness may have differential physical implications in some subgroups. Future studies are needed to further investigate the influence of gender on the relationship.

scholarly journals Susceptibility to Scams in Older Black and White Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Duke Han ◽  
Lisa L. Barnes ◽  
Sue Leurgans ◽  
Lei Yu ◽  
Christopher C. Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Race Differences ◽  
Black Adults ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
Association Analyses ◽  
Affective Factors ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Global Cognition ◽  
White Adults

Previous reports on racial differences in scam susceptibility have yielded mixed findings, and few studies have examined reasons for any observed race differences. Older Black and White participants without dementia (N = 592) from the Minority Aging Research Study and the Rush Memory and Aging Project who completed a susceptibility to scam questionnaire and other measures were matched according to age, education, sex, and global cognition using Mahalanobis distance. In adjusted models, older Black adults were less susceptible to scams than older White adults (Beta = −0.2496, SE = 0.0649, p = 0.0001). Contextual factors did not mediate and affective factors did not moderate this association. Analyses of specific items revealed Black adults had greater knowledge of scam targeting of older adults and were less likely to pick up the phone for unidentified callers. Older Black adults are less susceptible to scams than demographically-matched older White adults, although the reasons remain unknown.

scholarly journals Glycated Hemoglobin and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Among Adults With and Without Diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (8) ◽  
pp. 3345-3354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu-Rong Li ◽  
Xi-Ru Zhang ◽  
Wen-Fang Zhong ◽  
Zhi-Hao Li ◽  
Xiang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Hba1c Level ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
History Of

Abstract Context The patterns of associations between glycated Hb (HbA1c) and mortality are still unclear. Objective To explore the extent to which ranges of HbA1c levels are associated with the risk of mortality among participants with and without diabetes. Design, Setting, and Patients This was a nationwide, community-based prospective cohort study. Included were 15,869 participants (median age 64 years) of the Health and Retirement Study, with available HbA1c data and without a history of cancer. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios with 95% CIs for mortality. Results A total of 2133 participants died during a median follow-up of 5.8 years. In participants with diabetes, those with an HbA1c level of 6.5% were at the lowest risk of all-cause mortality. When HbA1c level was &lt;5.6% or &gt;7.4%, the increased all-cause mortality risk became statistically significant as compared with an HbA1c level of 6.5%. As for participants without diabetes, those with an HbA1c level of 5.4% were at the lowest risk of all-cause mortality. When the HbA1c level was &lt;5.0%, the increased all-cause mortality risk became statistically significant as compared with an HbA1c level of 5.4%. However, we did not observe a statistically significant elevated risk of all-cause mortality above an HbA1c level of 5.4%. Conclusions A U-shaped and reverse J-shaped association for all-cause mortality was found among participants with and without diabetes. The corresponding optimal ranges for overall survival are predicted to be 5.6% and 7.4% and 5.0% and 6.5%, respectively.

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