scholarly journals Susceptibility to Scams in Older Black and White Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Duke Han ◽  
Lisa L. Barnes ◽  
Sue Leurgans ◽  
Lei Yu ◽  
Christopher C. Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Race Differences ◽  
Black Adults ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
Association Analyses ◽  
Affective Factors ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Global Cognition ◽  
White Adults

Previous reports on racial differences in scam susceptibility have yielded mixed findings, and few studies have examined reasons for any observed race differences. Older Black and White participants without dementia (N = 592) from the Minority Aging Research Study and the Rush Memory and Aging Project who completed a susceptibility to scam questionnaire and other measures were matched according to age, education, sex, and global cognition using Mahalanobis distance. In adjusted models, older Black adults were less susceptible to scams than older White adults (Beta = −0.2496, SE = 0.0649, p = 0.0001). Contextual factors did not mediate and affective factors did not moderate this association. Analyses of specific items revealed Black adults had greater knowledge of scam targeting of older adults and were less likely to pick up the phone for unidentified callers. Older Black adults are less susceptible to scams than demographically-matched older White adults, although the reasons remain unknown.

scholarly journals Racial differences in statin adherence following hospital discharge for ischemic stroke

Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (19) ◽  
pp. 1839-1848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen C. Albright ◽  
Hong Zhao ◽  
Justin Blackburn ◽  
Nita A. Limdi ◽  
T. Mark Beasley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Carotid Artery Disease ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Black Adults ◽  
Black And White ◽  
History Of ◽  
White Adults

Objective:To compare nonadherence to statins in older black and white adults following an ischemic stroke.Methods:We studied black and white adults ≥66 years of age with Medicare fee-for-service insurance coverage hospitalized for ischemic stroke from 2007 to 2012 who filled a statin prescription within 30 days following discharge. Nonadherence was defined as a proportion of days covered <80% in the 365 days following hospital discharge. In addition, we evaluated factors associated with nonadherence for white and black participants separately.Results:Overall 2,763 beneficiaries met the inclusion criteria (13.5% black). Black adults were more likely than white adults to be nonadherent (49.7% vs 41.5%) even after adjustment for demographics, receipt of a low-income subsidy, and baseline comorbidities (adjusted relative risk [RR] 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.29). Among white adults, receipt of a low-income subsidy (adjusted RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02–1.26), history of coronary heart disease (adjusted RR 1.15, 95% CI 1.01–1.30), and discharge directly home following stroke hospitalization (adjusted RR 1.26, 95% CI 1.10–1.44) were associated with a higher risk of nonadherence. Among black adults, a 1-unit increase in the Charlson comorbidity index (adjusted RR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01–1.09), history of carotid artery disease (adjusted RR 2.38, 95% CI 1.08–5.25), and hospitalization during the 365 days prior to the index stroke (adjusted RR 1.34, 95% CI 1.01–1.78) were associated with nonadherence.Conclusions:Compared with white adults, black adults were more likely to be nonadherent to statins following hospitalization for ischemic stroke.

scholarly journals Neural control of cardiovascular function in black adults: implications for racial differences in autonomic regulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (2) ◽  
pp. R234-R244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel C. Drew ◽  
Nisha Charkoudian ◽  
Jeanie Park
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Cardiovascular Function ◽  
Black Adults ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
White Adults

Black adults are at increased risk for developing hypertension and cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease and have greater associated morbidity/mortality than white adults who are otherwise demographically similar. Despite the key role of the autonomic nervous system in the regulation of cardiovascular function, the mechanistic contributions of sympathetic nerves to racial differences in cardiovascular dysfunction and disease remain poorly understood. In this review, we present an update and synthesis of current understanding regarding the roles of autonomic neural mechanisms in normal and pathophysiological cardiovascular control in black and white adults. At rest, many hemodynamic and autonomic variables, including blood pressure, cardiac output, and sympathetic nerve activity, are similar in healthy black and white adults. However, resting sympathetic vascular transduction and carotid baroreflex responses are altered in ways that tend to promote increased vasoconstriction and higher blood pressure, even in healthy, normotensive black adults. Acute sympathoexcitatory maneuvers, including exercise and cold pressor test, often result in augmented sympathetic and hemodynamic responses in healthy black adults. Clinically, although mechanistic evidence is scarce in this area, existing data support the idea that excessive sympathetic activation and/or transduction into peripheral vasoconstriction contribute importantly to the pathophysiology of hypertension and chronic kidney disease in black compared with white adults. Important areas for future work include more detailed study of sympathetic and hemodynamic reactivity to exercise and other stressors in male and female black adults and, particularly, sympathetic control of renal function, an important area of clinical concern in black patients.

scholarly journals The Role of Stressful Childhood Experiences in Shaping Later-Life Memory Loss Among Black and White U.S. Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 296-296
Author(s):  
Caroline Hartnett
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Black Adults ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
White Children ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Stressful Experiences ◽  
White Adults

Abstract Cognitive decline common in the U.S. and greatly impacts quality of life, both for those who experience it and for those who care for them. Black Americans experience higher burdens of cognitive decline but the mechanisms underlying this disparity have not been fully elucidated. Stress experienced in early life is a promising explanatory factor, since stress and cognition are linked, childhood stressors been shown to have a range of negative implications later in life, and Black children experience more childhood stressors than White children, on average. In this paper, we use data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) to examine whether stressful experiences in childhood help explain Black-White disparities in memory loss. These data were available for 5 state-years between 2011 and 2017 (n=11,708). Preliminary results indicate that, while stressful childhood experiences are strongly associated with memory loss, stressful experiences do not mediate the association between race and memory loss. However, race does appear to moderate the association between stressful childhood experiences and memory loss. Specifically, stressful experiences are associated with a higher likelihood of memory loss for Black adults compared to White adults.In addition, there seem to be some noteworthy patterns across different types of experiences (i.e. parental drinking may predict later memory loss more strongly for Black adults than White adults, but parental hitting may predict memory loss more strongly for White adults than Black adults).

scholarly journals Why are black adults over-represented among individuals who have experienced lifetime homelessness? Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition analysis of homelessness among US male adults

2020 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-214305
Author(s):  
Taeho Greg Rhee ◽  
Robert A Rosenheck
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
White Men ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Black Adults ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Homeless Men ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
White Adults

BackgroundNon-Hispanic black adults experience homelessness at higher rates than non-Hispanic white adults in many studies. We aim to identify factors that could account for this disparity.MethodsWe used national survey data on non-Hispanic black and white men with complete data from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions Wave III. Using the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition analysis, we examined race-based disparities in correlates of risk for lifetime homelessness.ResultsIn our analysis, 905 of 11 708 (7.7%) respondents, representing 6 million adults nationwide, reported lifetime homelessness. Black adults were 1.41 times more likely to have been homeless than white adults (95% CI 1.14 to 1.73; p=0.002). Overall, 81.6% of race-based inequality in lifetime homelessness were explained by three main variables with black adults having: lower incomes, greater incarceration histories since age of 18 and a greater risk of traumatic events (p<0.01 for each). They also had more antisocial personality disorder, younger age and parental drug use (p<0.05 for each).ConclusionAlthough previous studies suggested that black homeless men have higher rates of drug abuse than white homeless men, our findings highlight the fact that black–white disparities in lifetime homeless risk are associated with socio-structural factors (eg, income and incarceration) and individual adverse events (eg, traumatic events), and not associated with psychiatric or substance use disorders.

scholarly journals Factors Associated With Pain Interference Among Black and White Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 430-430
Author(s):  
Dottington Fullwood ◽  
Roger Fillingim ◽  
Alisa Johnson ◽  
Nancy Gell
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Pain Interference ◽  
Black Adults ◽  
White Race ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Pi Index

Abstract Pain interference (PI) is an indicator of pain impact and is associated with physical performance (PP). However, factors associated with PI among older adults are not well described, including associations with PP and racial differences. This study explored PI among older adults by race. Data were obtained from the 2013 Pain Supplement of the National Health and Aging Trends Study (N= 1,202; 59.9% female, 23.0% Black non-Hispanic). Interviews included questions on sociodemographics, multi-morbidities, pain intensity (0-10 scale), and PI overall. Participants were also asked “In the last month, how much did pain interfere with ADLs, household activities, going outside, shopping, social activities and walking, which was used to create a PI index (Range 0-18). Physical performance measures assessed balance, gait speed, and chair stands (Short physical performance battery; SPPB). Logistic and multivariable regression analyses were conducted to determine associations among PI with PP, pain intensity, and race. Older Black adults experienced higher pain intensity (3.90 vs. 3.03) and demonstrated greater PP limitations (5.4 vs. 7.1 SPPB score) compared to older White adults (p&lt;0.001). Higher scores on the PI index were associated with worse PP, higher pain intensity, depression, multi-morbidity, and White race (p &lt;0.001), independent of confounders. Similarly, more PI overall was associated with White race, higher pain intensity, worse PP, and multi-morbidity (p&lt;0.001). Despite higher pain intensity and worse physical performance, older Black adults reported lower PI than White older adults. Additional exploration is needed to discern the paradoxically lower PI among older Black adults, including potential resilience factors.

scholarly journals Racial Differences in Symptoms, Comorbidity, and Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder Among Black and White Adults

2011 ◽  
Vol 103 (7) ◽  
pp. 576-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney H. Hankerson ◽  
Miriam C. Fenton ◽  
Timothy J. Geier ◽  
Katherine M. Keyes ◽  
Myrna M. Weissman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Adults

scholarly journals Superiority of Out-of-Office Blood Pressure for Predicting Hypertensive Heart Disease in Non-Hispanic Black Adults

Hypertension ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 1192-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Rader ◽  
Stanley S. Franklin ◽  
James Mirocha ◽  
Wanpen Vongpatanasin ◽  
Robert W. Haley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Hypertensive Heart Disease ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Office Blood Pressure ◽  
Black Adults ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Adults

Black Americans suffer disproportionately from hypertension and hypertensive heart disease. Out-of-office blood pressure (BP) is more predictive for cardiovascular complications than clinic BP; however, the relative abilities of clinic and out-of-office BP to predict left ventricular hypertrophy in black and white adults have not been established. Thus, we aimed to compare associations of out-of-office and clinic BP measurement with left ventricular hypertrophy by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging among non-Hispanic black and white adults. In this cross-sectional study, 1262 black and 927 white participants of the Dallas Heart Study ages 30 to 64 years underwent assessment of standardized clinic and out-of-office (research staff-obtained) BP and left ventricular mass index. In multivariable-adjusted analyses of treated and untreated participants, out-of-office BP was a stronger determinant of left ventricular hypertrophy than clinic BP (odds ratio per 10 mm Hg, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.34–1.64 for out-of-office systolic BP and 1.15 [1.04–1.28] for clinic systolic BP; 1.71 [1.43–2.05] for out-of-office diastolic BP, and 1.03 [0.86–1.24] for clinic diastolic BP). Non-Hispanic black race/ethnicity, treatment status, and lower left ventricular ejection fraction were also independent determinants of hypertrophy. Among treated Blacks, the differential association between out-of-office and clinic BP with hypertrophy was more pronounced than in treated white or untreated participants. In conclusion, protocol-driven supervised out-of-office BP monitoring provides important information that cannot be gleaned from clinic BP assessment alone. Our results underscore the importance of hypertension management programs outside the medical office to prevent hypertensive heart disease, especially in high-risk black adults. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00344903.

scholarly journals BLACK AND WHITE YOUNG ADULTS’ SUPPORT TO MIDLIFE PARENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S284-S284
Author(s):  
Kristie A Wood ◽  
Meng Huo ◽  
Yee To Ng ◽  
Karen Fingerman
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Black Adults ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Interdependent Values ◽  
The Family ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Researchers have observed racial differences in support to midlife parents. Black adults typically provide more support to parents and report greater rewards in doing so. We were interested in whether this differential trend can be observed in young adulthood. Furthermore, we aimed to understand cultural beliefs underlying any racial differences in support provided to parents. We examined support Black and White young adults provided to their parents, and beliefs associated with that support. Young adults (aged 18–35 years; 26%, n=184 Black and 74%, n=525 White) from the Family Exchanges Study II (2013) participated. They reported how often they provided 4 types of support (financial, technical, practical, emotional) to each parent (N =824) on a scale from 1 = once a year or less often to 8 = everyday. Multilevel models revealed Black young adults provided more frequent support to parents than White young adults, mediated by beliefs about familial obligation. Interestingly, we also found that Black young adults report significantly more negative relationship quality with parents and a stronger desire for support from parents when compared to White young adults. Findings suggest that Black young adults may espouse collective and interdependent values such as the ability to provide for a family and to receive support from family. Further, more frequent support may co-occur with conflicts that suggest that congruence between values and support do not necessarily inspire harmonious ties.

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