scholarly journals The AgingPLUS Trial: Intervening to Promote Physical Activity in Middle-Aged and Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 435-435
Author(s):  
David Roth ◽  
Shang-En (Michelle) Chung ◽  
Kaigang Li ◽  
Abigail Nehrkorn-Bailey ◽  
Katherine Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Motivational Factors ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Intervention Effects ◽  
Standardized Effect Sizes ◽  
Mediational Role

Abstract This paper investigated whether the AgingPLUS program promotes physical activity in middle-aged and older adults by examining outcomes at weeks 4 and 8 with baseline scores included as covariates. The analyses assessed intervention effects on negative views of aging (NVOA), physical activity (CHAMPS), physical function (SPPB, VO2max), and accelerometry measures (e.g., minutes sedentary). We found significant intervention effects on NVOA (p < .001) and frequency of moderate intensity exercise (p = 0.048), but no significant effects on physical function, VO2max, or the accelerometry measures. Standardized effect sizes for the significant effects ranged from 0.31 to 1.03 standard deviation units. These findings suggest that AgingPLUS improved motivational factors for engaging in physical activity but did not lead to objective changes in physical activity in the short term. Further research will investigate the mediational role of these motivational factors in enhancing physical activity over the longer term (6 months).

scholarly journals The effect of breaking up prolonged sitting on paired associative stimulation-induced plasticity

2020 ◽  
Vol 238 (11) ◽  
pp. 2497-2506 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bojsen-Møller ◽  
M. M. Ekblom ◽  
O. Tarassova ◽  
D. W. Dunstan ◽  
O. Ekblom
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Abductor Pollicis Brevis ◽  
Paired Associative Stimulation

Abstract Paired associative stimulation (PAS) can induce plasticity in the motor cortex, as measured by changes in corticospinal excitability (CSE). This effect is attenuated in older and less active individuals. Although a single bout of exercise enhances PAS-induced plasticity in young, physically inactive adults, it is not yet known if physical activity interventions affect PAS-induced neuroplasticity in middle-aged inactive individuals. Sixteen inactive middle-aged office workers participated in a randomized cross-over design investigating how CSE and short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) were affected by PAS preceded by 3 h of sitting (SIT), 3 h of sitting interrupted every 30 min by 3 min of frequent short bouts of physical activity (FPA) and 2.5 h of sitting followed by 25 min of moderate-intensity exercise (EXE). Transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied over the primary motor cortex (M1) of the dominant abductor pollicis brevis to induce recruitment curves before and 5 min and 30 min post-PAS. Linear mixed models were used to compare changes in CSE using time and condition as fixed effects and subjects as random effects. There was a main effect of time on CSE and planned within-condition comparisons showed that CSE was significantly increased from baseline to 5 min and 30 min post-PAS, in the FPA condition, with no significant changes in the SIT or EXE conditions. SICI decreased from baseline to 5 min post-PAS, but this was not related to changes in CSE. Our findings suggest that in middle-aged inactive adults, FPAs may promote corticospinal neuroplasticity. Possible mechanisms are discussed.

scholarly journals AgingPLUS: A Randomized Trial to Increase Physical Activity in Middle-Aged and Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 434-434
Author(s):  
Manfred Diehl ◽  
Jennifer Schrack
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Mediational Role ◽  
Intervention Condition

Abstract Engagement in physical activity (PA) has well-documented benefits for delaying or preventing age-related diseases. Thus, it is important to study innovative ways to increase PA in the adult population. This symposium describes AgingPLUS, an ongoing trial that addresses three psychological mechanisms to increase adults’ PA: Negative views of aging (NVOA), low self-efficacy beliefs, and deficient goal-planning skills. The symposium also presents preliminary findings, based on a pre-pandemic subsample, on changes in explicit NVOA, implicit VOA, and changes in PA. Diehl et al. describe the theoretical background and study design of the ongoing RCT. This also includes the main study hypotheses. Rebok et al. present preliminary findings showing significant effects of the intervention on NVOA and frequency of moderate intensity exercise. Effects on physical function and accelerometry measures were not statistically significant in this subsample. Tseng et al. examined the effects of the intervention on two measures of implicit VOA: a lexical decision-making task (LDMT) and the Brief Implicit Association Test (BIAT). Findings showed that differences in post-intervention latencies on the LDMT were not statistically significant. Differences on post-intervention BIAT d scores also failed to be significant. Finally, Nehrkorn-Bailey et al. tested a multiple mediator model examining the mediational role of self-efficacy (SE) and exercise intention (EI) on PA. Results showed that Week 4 SE significantly mediated the effect of intervention condition to Week 8 anticipated PA engagement. Week 4 EI significantly mediated the effect of intervention condition on Month 6 PA engagement. Anticipated PA effects predicted subsequent involvement in PA.

Effects of Acute Exercise on Memory Performance in Middle-Aged and Older Adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Etnier ◽  
Jarod C. Vance ◽  
Aiko Ueno
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Auditory Learning ◽  
Verbal Test ◽  
Within Subjects

Numerous studies show that exercise benefits memory and some show that acute exercise prior to encoding has larger benefits than exercise after encoding. This study was designed to investigate the effects of acute exercise on memory in middle-aged and older adults (Mage = 64.71 years) and to explore the influence of the timing of the exercise on these effects. Using a within-subjects design, moderate-intensity exercise (20 min) was either not performed (control), performed before the task (exercise prior), or performed after the task (exercise post). Memory was assessed using the Rey Auditory Learning Verbal Test. For short- and long-term memory and learning, significantly more words were remembered in the exercise-prior condition than the others. For 24-hr recall, participants remembered significantly more words in the exercise-prior condition than exercise post, which was better than control. Exercise benefits memory for healthy middle-aged and older adults, with the greatest benefits when performed prior to encoding.

scholarly journals Association of Regular Leisure-Time Physical Activity with Happiness among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8175
Author(s):  
Chyi Liang ◽  
Pei-Ling Wu ◽  
Po-Fu Lee ◽  
Chien-Chang Ho
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Self Reported Health Status

The aim of the present study was to clarify the relationship between regular LTPA (i.e., 150–300 min of moderate-intensity or 75–150 min of high-intensity physical activity) and happiness among middle-aged and older adults in Taiwan. The cross-sectional study data were obtained from the Taiwan National Physical Activity Survey, a nationally representative survey of the Taiwanese population. A total of 12,687 middle-aged and older adults (45–108 years) were ultimately enrolled in this study. The questionnaire data obtained through this national telephone survey included sociodemographic characteristics, self-reported health status, self-evaluations (comprising height, body weight, and happiness), and zip code of residence. The results suggest a significant positive relationship between regular LTPA and happiness scores; that is, the middle-aged adults who engaged in more LTPA may report higher happiness occurrence than others. This study suggests that regular LTPA is an essential factor influencing happiness. LTPA is an essential form of physical activity that helps middle-aged and older people to relax.

An Examination of Exercise-Induced Feeling States and Their Association With Future Participation in Physical Activity Among Older Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Jennifer Brunet ◽  
Eva Guérin ◽  
Nicolas Speranzini
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Feeling States ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Positive Engagement

Although exercise-induced feeling states may play a role in driving future behavior, their role in relation to older adults’ participation in physical activity (PA) has seldom been considered. The objectives of this study were to describe changes in older adults’ feeling states during exercise, and examine if levels of and changes in feeling states predicted their future participation in PA. Self-reported data on feeling states were collected from 82 older adults immediately before, during, and after a moderate-intensity exercise session, and on participation in PA 1 month later. Data were analyzed using latent growth modeling. Feelings of revitalization, positive engagement, and tranquility decreased during exercise, whereas feelings of physical exhaustion increased. Feelings of revitalization immediately before the exercise session predicted future participation in PA; changes in feeling states did not. This study does not provide empirical evidence that older adults’ exercise-induced feeling states predict their future participation in PA.

Effective Community-Based Physical Activity Interventions for Older Adults Living in Rural and Regional Areas: A Systematic Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Moore ◽  
Jeni Warburton ◽  
Paul D. O’Halloran ◽  
Nora Shields ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Effective Community ◽  
Meta Analyses

The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the characteristics and effectiveness of community-based interventions designed to increase physical activity participation in older adults (aged 65 years or more) living in rural or regional areas. Relevant peer-reviewed literature was obtained, using four primary electronic search engines, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. The initial search identified 4,690 articles. After removal of duplicates and excluded articles, seven articles were included in the review. Few consistencies existed between intervention types, duration, outcome measures, and follow-up. Results provide some evidence to support the effectiveness of community-based interventions that include low- to moderate-intensity exercise to increase physical activity, physical function, and psychological state. However, without more rigorous studies it is difficult to identify the most critical characteristics of community-based interventions for older adults in rural and regional settings.

scholarly journals Habitual Physical Activity and Diabetes Control in Young and Older Adults with Type II Diabetes: A Longitudinal Correlational Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1330
Author(s):  
Chia-Hsun Chang ◽  
Ching-Pyng Kuo ◽  
Chien-Ning Huang ◽  
Shiow-Li Hwang ◽  
Wen-Chun Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Daily Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Control ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Correlational Study ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Daily Physical Activities ◽  
Activity Questionnaire

This study aimed to determine whether daily physical activity in young and older adults with T2DM is associated with diabetes control. A prospective correlational study involving 206 young (≤65 years) and older (>65 years) adults was conducted. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to assess their daily physical activity levels. Patients’ mean HbA1c level was 7.8% (±1.4), and 95.9% of patients had unsatisfactory diabetes control. Performing more minutes per week of moderate-intensity daily physical activity was associated with a lower risk of glycemia in both young and older adults. Furthermore, moderate daily physical activity significantly lowered the risk of glycemia. Health personnel must encourage patients to engage in moderate daily physical activities to improve diabetes control.

scholarly journals Walking Cadence to Exercise at Moderate Intensity for Adults: A Systematic Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Slaght ◽  
M. Sénéchal ◽  
T. J. Hrubeniuk ◽  
A. Mayo ◽  
D. R. Bouchard
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines ◽  
Aerobic Activity ◽  
Physical Activity Levels

Background. Most adults choose walking as a leisure activity. However, many do not reach the international physical activity guidelines for adults, which recommend moderate intensity aerobic activity for at least 150 minutes/week in bouts of 10 minutes. Purpose. This systematic review provides an update on the walking cadence required to reach moderate intensity in adults and older adults, identifies variables associated with reaching moderate intensity, and evaluates how walking cadence intensity should be measured, but the main purpose is to report the interventions that have been attempted to prescribe walking cadence to increase time spent at moderate intensity or other outcomes for adults and older adults. Methods. SportDISCUS, Scopus, and PubMed databases were searched. We identified 3,917 articles and 31 were retained for this systematic review. Only articles written in English were included. Results. In general, 100 steps/minute is prescribed for adults to achieve moderate intensity, but older adults may require a higher cadence. Currently, few studies have explored using walking cadence prescription as an intervention to increase physical activity levels. Conclusion. Prescribing walking cadence as a way to increase physical activity levels has potential as a practical and useful strategy, but more evidence is required to assess its ability to increase physical activity levels at moderate intensity.

Effects of priming exercise on the speed of adjustment of muscle oxidative metabolism at the onset of moderate-intensity step transitions in older adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (10) ◽  
pp. R1158-R1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela De Roia ◽  
Silvia Pogliaghi ◽  
Alessandra Adami ◽  
Christina Papadopoulou ◽  
Carlo Capelli
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Speed Of Adjustment ◽  
Priming Exercise ◽  
Kinetics Of

Aging is associated with a functional decline of the oxidative metabolism due to progressive limitations of both O2 delivery and utilization. Priming exercise (PE) increases the speed of adjustment of oxidative metabolism during successive moderate-intensity transitions. We tested the hypothesis that such improvement is due to a better matching of O2 delivery to utilization within the working muscles. In 21 healthy older adults (65.7 ± 5 yr), we measured contemporaneously noninvasive indexes of the overall speed of adjustment of the oxidative metabolism (i.e., pulmonary V̇o2 kinetics), of the bulk O2 delivery (i.e., cardiac output), and of the rate of muscle deoxygenation (i.e., deoxygenated hemoglobin, HHb) during moderate-intensity step transitions, either with (ModB) or without (ModA) prior PE. The local matching of O2 delivery to utilization was evaluated by the ΔHHb/ΔV̇o2 ratio index. The overall speed of adjustment of the V̇o2 kinetics was significantly increased in ModB compared with ModA ( P < 0.05). On the contrary, the kinetics of cardiac output was unaffected by PE. At the muscle level, ModB was associated with a significant reduction of the “overshoot” in the ΔHHb/ΔV̇o2 ratio compared with ModA ( P < 0.05), suggesting an improved O2 delivery. Our data are compatible with the hypothesis that, in older adults, PE, prior to moderate-intensity exercise, beneficially affects the speed of adjustment of oxidative metabolism due to an acute improvement of the local matching of O2 delivery to utilization.

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