scholarly journals Longitudinal Association of Fall risk for Community Dwelling Elderly with and without ADRD

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 654-654
Author(s):  
Pallavi Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Fall Risk ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Assistive Device ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Abstract Falls amongst elderly with ADRD and are a major cause of functional impairment and increased mortality. The primary purpose of this study was to examine if fall status of community dwelling elderly residents with and without ADRD differs over a four year period and additionally does receipt of rehabilitation in any year modifies this association. National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) data from 2015-2018 was used and sample consisted of participants age 65 and older who were community dwellers. Baseline characteristics of individuals in ADRD (n= 264) and non-ADRD group (n=2,971) was compared using chi square statistic. A generalized estimating equation model (multivariate logistic regression) was used to estimate odds ratio of falls in the two groups, adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical conditions that are predictors of fall risk. At baseline, ADRD group comprised of older, frail individuals who reported increased use of assistive device (AD) and presence of depression. Those in the non-ADRD group at baseline had significantly decreased odds for falls however no statistically significant change was observed for fall status over four years in the two groups (non-ADRD vs ADRD) and this association was not modified by receipt of rehabilitation. Those who used AD, had depression and received rehabilitation had increased odds for falls however no differences were found for those who lived alone and were frail. Future studies should examine the bi-directional interplay between falls and rehabilitation in elderly with ADRD with inclusion of other predictors of fall risk to study their unique characteristics.

scholarly journals Fissure Depth and Caries Incidence in First Permanent Molars: A Five-Year Follow-Up Study in Schoolchildren

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 3550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonor Sánchez-Pérez ◽  
María Esther Irigoyen-Camacho ◽  
Nelly Molina-Frechero ◽  
Marco Zepeda-Zepeda
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equation ◽  
Tooth Morphology ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Permanent Molars ◽  
First Permanent Molars ◽  
Generalized Estimating

This study aimed to evaluate the association between the fissure depth (tooth morphology) of permanent molars and dental caries incidence with a five-year follow-up period. In total, 110 Mexican schoolchildren aged seven years were recruited at baseline, of which 88 children completed the follow-up assessments. The fissure depths of the first permanent lower molars were recorded, and dental caries [decayed, missing, and filled deciduous surfaces (dmfs) and decayed, missing, and filled permanent surfaces (DMFS)] was evaluated annually. A generalized estimating equation model was constructed for evaluating the association between dental caries and fissure depth. The initial and final DMFS scores were 0.02 (±0.2) and 1.55 (±2.49), respectively. The generalized estimating equation model showed that children with deep molar fissures were more likely to develop caries lesions, (Odds Ratio OR = 3.15, p = 0.028) compared to children with shallow fissures. Moreover, dental caries in primary teeth (OR = 1.07, p = 0.005) was associated with the development of carious lesions in the permanent dentition. Fissure depth was a useful predictor of dental caries, according to this five-year follow-up study. The detection of deep occlusal fissures in the lower first permanent molars could contribute to the identification of children at high risk of dental caries. Tooth morphology may be used to identify children at a higher caries risk, particularly in settings with limited resources.

Effect of Changes in Sleep Quantity and Quality on Depressive Symptoms Among Korean Children

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joo Eun Lee ◽  
Sohee Park ◽  
Jin-Young Nam ◽  
Young Jun Ju ◽  
Eun-Cheol Park
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equation ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Poor Sleep Quality ◽  
Korean Children ◽  
Sleep Quantity

This study aims to determine whether changes in sleep quantity and quality in childhood are associated with incidence of depressive symptoms. We used the three waves of the Korean Children & Youth Panel Survey (2011–2013). Statistical analysis using a generalized estimating equation model was performed. The 2,605 subjects analyzed included 1,453 students in 2012 and 1,152 students in 2013 without depressive symptoms in the prior year. We found that deteriorated or consistently poor sleep quality were important risk factors for depressive symptoms in children. We suggest that early detection and intervention of poor sleep quality in elementary school is required to reduce early onset depressive symptoms.

Analyzing Inbreeding and Estimating Its Related Deficiencies in Northeastern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Rodrigues do Nascimento ◽  
Dyowani dos Santos Basílio ◽  
Johnnatas Mikael Lopes ◽  
Isaac Farias Cansanção
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Physical Disability ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equation ◽  
Disabled Children ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractThis cross-sectional study aimed to observe number of marriages between relatives in São Francisco Valley municipalities and correlations between degrees of kinship and susceptibility to genetic diseases. Three hundred and nine (309) consanguineous couples were interviewed in five municipalities. The data were analyzed using SPSS (version 22), Chi-square testing, and the generalized estimating equation (GEE). In Pariconha-AL for first cousins, the results revealed significantly higher numbers of disabled children than for third cousins (p < 0.05). Of these, the prevalence for physical disability was significant (χ2 = 19.203, df = 4, p = 0.001). In the cities of Glória-BA (χ2 = 11.652, df = 3, p = 0.020) and OlhoD'água do Casado-AL (χ2 = 8.123, df = 4, p = 0.044), physical disabilities were also significantly higher in children from unions of first-degree cousins than for other degrees of kinship. Visual impairment was more significant in first-degree cousins in Glória-BA (χ2 = 14.206, df = 3 p = 0.007); yet among third-degree cousins, visual impairment in the municipality of Santa Brígida-BA was more prevalent (χ2 = 6.416, df = 2 p = 0.040). Inbreeding, as revealed in the evaluated cities, reinforces the hypothesis for developing genetic diseases.

Evaluating Pain, Opioids, and Delirium in Critically Ill Older Adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 105477382097312
Author(s):  
Kara J. Pavone ◽  
Juliane Jablonski ◽  
Pamela Z. Cacchione ◽  
Rosemary C. Polomano ◽  
Peggy Compton
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Surgical Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Surgical Intensive Care ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Opioid Administration ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Pain Patients

Untreated pain and pain management with opioids are independent precipitating factors for delirium. This retrospective study evaluated the relationships among pain severity, its management with opioids, and the onset of delirium in older adult patients admitted to the surgical intensive care unit (SICU). Consecutive patients aged 65 or greater admitted to the SICU over a 5-month period were examined ( n = 172). When assessed using a multivariable general estimating equation model, opioids (chi-square [χ2], 12.34, p = .0004), but not pain (χ2, 3.31, p = .0688) were significant in predicting next-day delirium status. Controlling for pain, patients exposed to opioids were 2.5 times more likely to develop delirium than patients not exposed (95% Confidence Interval: 1.44–4.36). Our data shows that opioid administration predicted the onset of next-day delirium. In an effort to prevent delirium, future research should focus on opioid-sparing pain management approaches to mitigate pain and delirium.

Reliability of Roentgenographic Knee Alignment Measurements in Gonarthrosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (04) ◽  
pp. 302-305
Author(s):  
Teng-Le Huang ◽  
Chen-Chie Wang ◽  
Kai-Chiang Yang ◽  
Chang-Chin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equation ◽  
Tibial Osteotomy ◽  
Knee Alignment ◽  
Ankle Joints ◽  
Medial Gonarthrosis ◽  
Anatomical Axis ◽  
Better Than

AbstractA reliable method of measuring knee alignment is critical in the preoperative planning of high tibial osteotomy (HTO). This radiological study, based on the measurements of the mechanical and anatomical axes of the lower limb, aimed to determine which method would be more reliable and reproducible. From 2004 to 2013, 50 consecutive patients (50 knees) with medial gonarthrosis were treated with valgus-producing HTO. Four independent investigators assessed preoperative standing lower limb radiography (including hip, knee, and ankle joints) to measure both anatomical and mechanical axes. We defined a response as a difference in the angle measured by the same investigator using the same method. The covariates were the investigators and methods. To account for both inter- and intraobserver variabilities, all data were evaluated using a generalized estimating equation model. The results revealed that the effect of the investigators was not statistically significant; however, the effect of the measurement method was highly significant (p < 0.0001). The estimated coefficient of the anatomical axis method was negative, indicating that the reproducibility of the anatomical axis method was better than that of the mechanical axis.

scholarly journals Association between successful aging transitions and depressive symptoms among older Korean adults: findings from the Korean longitudinal study of aging (2006–2018)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Nari ◽  
Bich Na Jang ◽  
Selin Kim ◽  
Wonjeong Jeong ◽  
Sung-In Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
Older Adult Population

Abstract Background The importance of SA (Successful aging) has been emphasized in recent years, with focus shifting towards attaining healthier aging rather than longevity. However, the influence of SA and its changes on mental health such as depression remains a relatively unexplored area in gerontology. Therefore, we investigated the longitudinal association between changes in SA and depressive symptoms in Korean older adults. Methods This study comprised a longitudinal sample of older adults aged ≥ 45 years, drawn from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (2006–2018). Changes in SA status was determined using the Rowe and Kahn model over two consecutive years. Using an adjusted generalized estimating equation model, we examined the association between changes in successful aging status, namely SA and NSA (Non-successful aging), and depressive symptoms. Results Compared to the SA→SA group, depressive symptom risk in the NSA→NSA and SA→NSA groups were higher in men [(OR, 1.16; 95 % CI, 1.13–1.18), (OR, 1.11; 95 % CI, 1.08–1.13), respectively] and in women [(OR, 1.15; 95 % CI, 1.13–1.18), (OR, 1.11; 95 % CI, 1.09–1.14), respectively]. Subgroup analysis of the dimensions of successful aging revealed that low or worsening criteria of successful aging status in men and women were associated with depressive symptoms. Conclusions Korean older adults who continuously failed to attain or maintain successful aging status had the highest risk of depressive symptoms. These results could further assist in establishing policies and interventions that promote successful aging and subsequently protect the mental health of the Korean older adult population.

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