The Effect of Low and Moderate Exercise on Hyperuricemia: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Study

BackgroundHyperuricemia (HUA) is a metabolic disease by purine metabolism disorders. It is a risk factor for many chronic diseases, including diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease. Studies have shown that exercise can effectively reduce serum uric acid (SUA), but the optimal exercise dose, intensity, and mode of exercise for improving HUA have not been verified in clinical studies. Therefore, this study aims to explore the effect of different exercise intensities in improving SUA of patients with HUA.Methods and AnalysisA randomized, single-blind, parallel controlled trial will be conducted in this study. 186 HUA patients who meet the inclusion criteria will be randomly divided into a 1:1:1 ratio (1): control group (2), low-intensity exercise group (brisk walking, 57-63% maximum heart rate, 150 min/week, 12 months), and (3) moderate-intensity exercise group (jogging, 64-76% maximum heart rate, 150 min/week, 12 months). The three groups of subjects will receive the same health education and prohibition of high-purine diet during the intervention period. The primary outcomes will be SUA concentration, SUA concentration change (mg/dL), SUA change rate (%), and the proportion of HUA patients. Secondary outcomes will include anthropometric parameters (body weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, BMI); physiological indicators (blood pressure, grip, vital capacity, maximum oxygen); biochemical indicators (blood lipid, blood sugar, liver enzyme, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen). Each group of patients will go through an assessment at baseline, 3rd, 6th, and 12th months.DiscussionThis study will evaluate the effect of 12-month low-intensity exercise and moderate-intensity exercise on HUA patients. We hypothesize that both low-intensity and moderate-intensity exercise would improve HUA as compared with no-exercise control, and that moderate-intensity exercise would be more effective than low-intensity exercise in improving HUA. These results can provide a basis for the current physical activity guidelines for HUA’s healthy lifestyle management.Ethics and DisseminationThis study has been approved by the Ethical Review Committee of the Shanghai University of Sport (approval number: 102772020RT005). Informed consent will be obtained from all participants or their guardians. The authors intend to submit the study findings to peer-reviewed journals or academic conferences to be published.Clinical Trial RegistrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry, identifier ChiCTR2100042643.

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Impact of Low Intensity Exercise on Liver Enzymes (ALT & ALP)

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i44b32688 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 370-377

Author(s):

Alamgir Khan ◽

Muhammad Zafar Iqbal Butt ◽

Shahzaman Khan ◽

Sobia Nazir ◽

Ejaz Asghar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Enzymes ◽

Daily Basis ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Control Group ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Low Intensity ◽

Post Test ◽

Low Intensity Exercise ◽

The Impact ◽

Experimental Group

This particular research study was basically carried out for the purpose to examine the impact of low intensity exercise on two particular liver enzymes i.e. alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphate (ALP). 20 Non sportsmen were selected as subjects of the study (n=20, age 20 to 30 years (20.95±3.79), Body Mass Index (BMI) from 18 to 30 (25.90±5.54). Similarly the subjects were divided into two groups (Experimental Group and Control Group) through the application of International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and measurement of Maximum Heart Rate (MHR). 12 weeks self-made low intensity exercise protocol was applied to an experimental group. 5ml blood was collected from all subjects to measure the effect of low intensity exercise on ALT and ALP. The data of pre and post-test were processed through SPSS version 24. Based on analysis and findings, the researcher concluded that in experimental group (EXG) the level of ALT and ALP was found significantly higher (p<0.05) as compared to control group (CG). Based on conclusion, it is hereby recommended by the researcher that for the purpose to promote the functional capacity of liver, low as well as moderate intensity exercise should be performed on daily basis. In addition, in this study due to lack of financial resources, two basic liver enzymes i.e.ALT and ALP were measured, therefore the other enzymes like as AST and bilirubin also need to be examined in such other research studies.

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The Experimental Effects of Acute Exercise on Long-Term Emotional Memory

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm7120486 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 486 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Breanna Wade ◽

Paul Loprinzi

Keyword(s):

Acute Exercise ◽

Group Interaction ◽

Emotional Memory ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Control Group ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Main Effect ◽

Randomized Controlled Experiment ◽

Memory Recognition

Emerging work suggests that acute, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise may help to subserve episodic memory of neutral stimuli. Less investigated, however, is whether acute exercise is associated with enhanced memory recognition of emotional stimuli, which was the purpose of this experiment. A parallel-group randomized controlled experiment was employed. Participants (mean age = 20 yr) were randomized into an exercise (n = 17) or control group (n = 17). The exercise group engaged in a 15-min bout of moderate-intensity treadmill walking. Emotional memory recognition was assessed via images from the International Affective Picture System, including assessments of varying degrees of valence and arousal. Memory recognition was assessed at 1 day, 7 days, and 14 days post-memory encoding. We observed a significant main effect for time (F(2) = 104.2, p < 0.001, η2p = 0.77) and a significant main effect for valence–arousal classification (F(4) = 21.39, p < 0.001, η2p = 0.40), but there was no significant time by group interaction (F(2) = 1.09, p = 0.34, η2p = 0.03), classification by group interaction (F(4) = 0.12, p = 0.97, η2p = 0.01), time by classification interaction (F(8) = 1.78, p = 0.08, η2p = 0.05), or time by classification by group interaction (F(8) = 0.78, p = 0.62, η2p = 0.02). In conclusion, emotional memory recognition decreased over the 14-day follow-up period and this rate of memory decay was not altered by acute moderate-intensity exercise engagement. We discuss these findings in the context of exercise intensity and the temporal effects of exercise.

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Substrate metabolism when subjects are fed carbohydrate during exercise

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1999.276.5.e828 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 276 (5) ◽

pp. E828-E835 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Jeffrey F. Horowitz ◽

Ricardo Mora-Rodriguez ◽

Lauri O. Byerley ◽

Edward F. Coyle

Keyword(s):

Plasma Insulin ◽

Fat Oxidation ◽

Insulin Concentration ◽

Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽

Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽

Low Intensity ◽

Low Intensity Exercise

This study determined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion during exercise on the lipolytic rate, glucose disappearance from plasma (Rd Glc), and fat oxidation. Six moderately trained men cycled for 2 h on four separate occasions. During two trials, they were fed a high-glycemic carbohydrate meal during exercise at 30 min (0.8 g/kg), 60 min (0.4 g/kg), and 90 min (0.4 g/kg); once during low-intensity exercise [25% peak oxygen consumption (V˙o 2 peak)] and once during moderate-intensity exercise (68%V˙o 2 peak). During two additional trials, the subjects remained fasted (12–14 h) throughout exercise at each intensity. After 55 min of low-intensity exercise in fed subjects, hyperglycemia (30% increase) and a threefold elevation in plasma insulin concentration ( P < 0.05) were associated with a 22% suppression of lipolysis compared with when subjects were fasted (5.2 ± 0.5 vs. 6.7 ± 1.2 μmol ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1, P < 0.05), but fat oxidation was not different from fasted levels at this time. Fat oxidation when subjects were fed carbohydrate was not reduced below fasting levels until 80–90 min of exercise, and lipolysis was in excess of fat oxidation at this time. The reduction in fat oxidation corresponded in time with the increase in Rd Glc. During moderate-intensity exercise, the very small elevation in plasma insulin concentration (∼3 μU/ml; P < 0.05) during the second hour of exercise when subjects were fed vs. when they were fasted slightly attenuated lipolysis ( P < 0.05) but did not increase Rd Glc or suppress fat oxidation. These findings indicate that despite a suppression of lipolysis after carbohydrate ingestion during exercise, the lipolytic rate remained in excess and thus did not limit fat oxidation. Under these conditions, a reduction in fat oxidation was associated in time with an increase in glucose uptake.

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Synergistic Effects of Low-Intensity Exercise Conditioning and β-Blockade on Cardiovascular and Autonomic Adaptation in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women With Hypertension

Biological Research For Nursing ◽

10.1177/1099800412461562 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 433-442 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Catherine L. Goldie ◽

C. Ann Brown ◽

Sylvia M. J. Hains ◽

Joel L. Parlow ◽

Richard Birtwhistle

Keyword(s):

Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Rate Pressure Product ◽

Control Group ◽

Cardiac Autonomic Function ◽

Low Intensity ◽

Walking Program ◽

Low Intensity Exercise ◽

Sedentary Women

The effects of a 12-week low-intensity exercise conditioning program (walking) on blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), rate–pressure product (RPP), and cardiac autonomic function were measured in 40 sedentary women with hypertension. Women were assigned to either an exercise group ( n = 20) or a control group ( n = 20), matched for β-blockade treatment. They underwent testing at the beginning and at the end of the 12-week study period in three conditions: supine rest, standing, and low-intensity steady state exercise. The exercise group participated in a 12-week, low-intensity walking program, while the control group continued with usual sedentary activity. Compared with the control group, women in the exercise group showed reductions in systolic and diastolic BP and RPP (i.e., the estimated cardiac workload). β-Blockers increased baroreflex sensitivity and lowered BP and HR in all participants; however, those in the exercise group showed the effects of both treatments: a greater reduction in HR and RPP. The combination of exercise training and β-blockade produces cardiac and autonomic adaptations that are not observed with either treatment alone, suggesting that β-blockade enhances the conditioning effects of low-intensity exercise in women with hypertension.

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PO-098 Effect of HIIT on mitochondrial telomerase of skeletal muscle in aged rats

Exercise Biochemistry Review ◽

10.14428/ebr.v1i3.11723 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Yiyi Liu ◽

Hao Su ◽

Zhongye Jiang ◽

Tianhao Wen ◽

Jia Shao

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Oxygen Uptake ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Control Group ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Aging Rats ◽

Age Related ◽

Significant Difference

Objective The HIIT and moderate-intensity exercise are two different exercise models among the public fitness. In recent years, HIIT become more and more popular, unfortunately, there is a tremendous lack of research being done effects of mitochondrial reverse transcriptase (TERT) on age-related degeneration of skeletal muscle by HIIT. The purpose of this study was to compare the HIIT group and moderate-intensity group, and research difference of telomerase expression and cardiopulmonary endurance between the exercise group and the quiet control group was discussed. Methods fifty-nine male Wistar rats were divided into three groups at random: control group (Q=19), moderate-intensity intervention group (M=20), and HIIT intervention group (H=20). The rats in Q group did not any exercise, and the rats in M group developed the exercise with 60% VO2max intensity for 8 weeks. H group did a training program for an 8-week exercise with alternating 40%, 60%, and 80% VO2max intensities. The rats in the experimental group were exercised for 50 minutes every day and trained for 5 days per week. After the baseline value group was sampled, each group of rats was selected after the training reached the specified number of weeks (4 and 8 weeks), and the maximum oxygen uptake test was performed before the material was taken. Single factor analysis of variance were used to assess differences in VO2max, and expression of protein between conditions. Results It was found that H group VO2max was significantly higher than M group and Q group (P<0.05). At same time, the mTERT expression of the M group at the 4th week was significantly higher than that of the Q group (P<0.05). The mTERT expression in group H was significantly higher than that in group Q at week 8 (P<0.05).There was no significant difference between the H group and the Q group at 8th week (P<0.05). Conclusions 1. HIIT exercise lasting for 8 weeks can effectively inhibit the decrease of maximal oxygen uptake in aging rats compared with moderate exercise. 2. HIIT training for 8 weeks promotes the expression of mTERT; 3. The maintenance of VO2max in aging rats may be related to the enhancement of mitochondrial antioxidant function by HIIT-promoted TERT to mitochondrial translocation.

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Effects of Moringa Leaf Extract and Moderate Intensity Exercise on Histopathological Appearance and Autophagy Gene Expression

JURNAL PENDIDIKAN JASMANI DAN OLAHRAGA ◽

10.17509/jpjo.v6i1.30149 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 10-19

Author(s):

Julia Windi Gunadi ◽

Danti Dja Jatnika ◽

Stephanie Astrid ◽

Teresa Lucretia ◽

Hamidie Ronald Daniel Ray ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Rat Liver ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Wistar Rat ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Control Group ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Autophagy Gene ◽

Moringa Leaf Extract

The prevention of liver disease could be conducted through preventive strategies, such as antioxidants and exercise. Moringa leaf extract has substances that could act as antioxidant, while exercise is also known protecting the liver from disease by changing hepatic metabolism and autophagy. This study aimed to investigate the effect of moringa leaf extract and moderate intensity exercise on histopathological appearance and autophagy gene expression of wistar rat liver. The method used in this study was animal experiment using 24 male wistar rats divided into 4 groups, including control group, moringa group, exercise group, and moringa + exercise group. Moringa leaf extract was given in low dose (5.7 mg/kgW) per oral, 5 times a week, for 4 weeks. Meanwhile, the 20 m/minute treadmill exercise was given for 30 minutes per day, 5 times a week, for 4 weeks. Results showed a significant change on histopathological scoring in exercise group (p=0.011) compared to control group. Increased autophagy gene expression was found in moringa + exercise group compared to control group (LC3 0.90 fold; p62 0.87 fold). In summary, this study presented that moderate intensity exercise induced changes on histopathological appearance of wistar rat liver that might be associated with physiological inflammation. Moringa, with its antioxidant properties, combined with increased autophagy might improve histopathological changes in moringa + exercise group.

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Olahraga Kardio dan Tabata: Rekomendasi Untuk Menurunkan Lemak Tubuh Dan Berat Badan

Jendela Olahraga ◽

10.26877/jo.v6i1.7469 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 197-212

Author(s):

Taufikkurrachman Taufikkurrachman ◽

Amy Nilam Wardathi ◽

Afifi Rusdiawan ◽

Reno Siska Sari ◽

Buyung Kusumawardhana

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Body Weight ◽

Fat Body ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Control Group ◽

Test Design ◽

Research Subjects ◽

Maximum Heart Rate ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Test

The purpose of this study was to determine the condition of body weight and body fat after cardio and tabata exercises. The research design used was randomized group pre-test and post-test design. The research subjects of PJKR student IKIP Budi Utomo Malang are male, aged 18-22 years with overweight / obese BMI. 27 people were randomly divided into 3 groups, the control group (K1), the cardio group (K2) and the tabata group (K3). The treatment was given 3 times a week for 6 weeks. K1 group only did the test without treatment. K2 was given jogging and skipping exercises for 40 minutes with moderate intensity (55-70% maximum heart rate). K3 was given squat trust and skipping exercises for 20 seconds of exercise and 10 seconds of rest for 8 sets with an intensity of 90-95% maximum heart rate. The exercise is carried out for 20 minutes with 1-minute intervals per set. The results of the LSD test for weight variables showed a significant difference between the K1 and K2 groups (p = 0.001), K1 and K3 (p = 0.000), K2 and K3 (p = 0.038). For the fat variable, there was also a significant difference between the K1 and K2 groups (p = 0.000), K1 and K3 (p = 0.000), K2 and K3 (p = 0.037). The conclusion is that tabata training is better than cardio training in reducing weight and fat.Keywords: Cardio, tabata, fat, body weight, exerciseAbstrakTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi berat badan dan lemak tubuh setelah melakukan latihan kardio dan tabata. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah Randomized group pre test and post test design. Subyek penelitian ini mahasiswa PJKR Ikip Budi Utomo Malang yang berjenis kelamin laki-laki, usia 18-22 tahun dengan IMT overweight/ obesitas. 27 orang coba dibagi secara acak ke dalam 3 kelompok, kelompok kontrol (K1), kelompok kardio (K2) dan kelompok tabata (K3). Perlakuan diberikan 3 kali seminggu selama 6 minggu.. kelompok K1 hanya melakukan test tanpa perlakuan. K2 diberikan latihan jogging dan skipping selama 40 menit dengan intensitas sedang (55-70% DN maks). K3 diberikan latihan squat trust dan skipping selama 20 detik latihan dan 10 detik istirahat sebanyak 8 set dengan intensitas 90-95% DN maks. Latihan dilakukan selama 20 menit dengan interval 1 menit tiap set. Hasil uji LSD variable berat badan menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan kelompok K1 dan K2 (p=0,001), K1 dan K3 (p= 0,000), K2 dan K3 (p= 0,038). Untuk variable lemak juga terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok K1 dan K2 (p= 0,000), K1 dan K3 (p=0,000), K2 dan K3 (p=0,037). Kesimpulannya adalah latihan tabata lebih baik daripada latihan kardio dalam menurunkan berat badan dan lemak. Kata Kunci: Kardio, tabata, lemak, berat badan, Latihan

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Exercise training of dogs with myxomatous valve disease

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/1678-4162-9230 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

pp. 325-332 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M.A. Valandro ◽

J.P.E. Pascon ◽

D.T.P. Pereira ◽

M.L.A. Mistieri

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Exercise Training ◽

High Frequency ◽

Training Group ◽

Valve Disease ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Control Group ◽

Maximum Heart Rate ◽

The Time Domain ◽

And Training

ABSTRACT The present study has the objective of evaluating the effects of exercise training, using moderate intensity walking (60 to 80% of maximum heart rate), from 30 to 50 minutes, three times a week, in alternate days, during eight weeks, on heart rate variability in dogs with myxomatous valve disease (MVD). For that, 20 dogs in stages B1 (1), B2 (14) and C2 (5) of MVD (ACVIM classification) were divided into untrained control group (CG, n=9) and training group (TG, n=11), and assessed at baseline (T0), after four (T1) and eight weeks (T2). Only one B1 and five B2 dogs completed the training program. In the time domain, the rMSSD was greater in TG in T1 (155,5+42,07) and T2 (199,8+83,54) than CG (T1:91,17+35,79 and T2:88,17+57,51). In the frequency domain, the variable High Frequency (HF) increased in TG in T1 (30950+25810) and T2 (40300+33870) when compared to the CG (T1:19090+23210 and T2:18810+22200) and within the group TG in T2 in relation to T0 (29340+20950). The proposed walking protocol is concluded to have increased the rMSSD and HF variables in TG, representing an increase of the parasympathetic tonus, justifying the indication of this therapy in B1 and B2 stages of MVD.

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Total Transcriptome Responses to Low and Higher Intensity Aerobic Exercise Interventions in Older Adults

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igab046.2564 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 688-688

Author(s):

Meghan Smith ◽

Gabriella McWilliams ◽

Angela Bryan ◽

Douglas Seals ◽

Thomas LaRocca

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Older Adults ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Maximum Heart Rate ◽

Continuous Training ◽

Exercise Interventions ◽

Low Intensity

Abstract Aerobic exercise is a universally recommended strategy for increasing healthspan, and recent advances in next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics (e.g., RNA-seq/transcriptomics) have made it possible to broadly profile the molecular transducers of exercise. However, most transcriptome studies of exercise have focused on coding genes only, and the transcriptomic response to different exercise interventions has not been characterized by RNA-seq in older adults. Therefore, we performed total RNA-seq (to capture both coding and non-coding gene expression) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from healthy, previously sedentary older adults (males and females, aged 70 ± 1 years). Samples were collected before and after 16 weeks of either low-intensity continuous training (LICT, 50% maximum heart rate, 3 x 30 min/week) or moderate-intensity continuous training plus interval training (MICT+IT, 60-80% maximum heart rate, progressively increased to include IT, 3 x 30 min/week). We found that both interventions modified biological processes (transcriptome modules) related to oxygen transport and reduced inflammatory signaling/immune activation processes (more pronounced with LICT). Interestingly, transcriptome changes unique to LICT subjects included increased expression of genes linked with vascularization and endothelial cell migration, whereas MICT+IT was uniquely associated with a robust increase in antioxidant response gene expression. We also observed numerous changes in long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs that could be linked with these exercise-associated gene expression changes with both interventions. These data provide a first comprehensive look into transcriptomic changes associated with moderate vs. low intensity aerobic exercise in older adults, and they suggest distinct benefits of each exercise strategy.

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Exercise improves long-term social and behavioral rhythms in older adults: Did it play a role during the COVID-19 lockdown?

Journal of Public Health Research ◽

10.4081/jphr.2021.2432 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Giulia Cossu ◽

Cesar Ivan Abbile Gonzalez ◽

Luigi Minerba ◽

Roberto Demontis ◽

Massimiliano Pau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Exercise Program ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Control Group ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Behavioral Rhythms

The study aimed to verify whether exercise training in older adults can improve social behavioral rhythms (SBR) and if any modification is maintained over time. Older adults (n=120) from a previous randomized controlled trial, were randomly allocated to either a moderate-intensity exercise group or a control group. SBR was evaluated at t0, t26, and t48 weeks (during the COVID-19 lockdown), using the brief social rhythms scale (BSRS). Seventy-nine participants completed the follow-up (age 72.3±4.7, women 55.3%). An improvement in the BSRS score was found in the exercise group at 26 weeks (p=0.035) when the exercise program was concluded, and it was maintained at 48 weeks (p=0.013). No improvements were observed in the control group. To conclude, SBR, previously found as a resilience factor in older adults during COVID-19, appear to improve after a moderate 12 weeks exercise program, and the improvement persisted even after stopping exercise during the COVID-19 lockdown.

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