scholarly journals The Interpersonal Circumplex and the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders: Relationships among Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 898-899
Author(s):  
Lisa Stone ◽  
Daniel Segal
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Interpersonal Circumplex ◽  
Circumplex Model ◽  
Personality Functioning ◽  
Inventory Of Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Interpersonal Dysfunction ◽  
Pathological Personality Traits

Abstract Introduction The interpersonal circumplex model measures interpersonal dysfunction along two axes (communion and agency), resulting in eight unhealthy patterns: Domineering, Vindictive, Cold, Socially Avoidant, Nonassertive, Exploitable, Overly Nurturant, and Intrusive. It is unclear how the circumplex model applies to older adults and their unique biopsychosocial contexts. This study examined relationships between the circumplex and personality disorder features, using the Alternative Model of Personality Disorder’s (AMPD) personality functioning and pathological personality trait constructs. Method: Older adults (N = 202) completed the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-Short Circumplex (IIP-SC), the Levels of Personality Functioning Scale-Self-Report (LPFS-SR), and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) to measure pathological personality traits. Results Correlations were computed between the IIP-SC’s eight circumplex scales with the LPFS-SR’s four personality functioning domains and with the PID-5’s five domains. All circumplex scales significantly (p < .001) and positively correlated with all LPFS-SR and PID-5 domains, with large effect sizes (> .45). Next, regressions were conducted, with the LPFS-SR and PID-5 domains predicting each IIP-SC scale. Across the eight regressions, the AMPD constructs accounted for significant variance in the IIP-SC scales, ranging from 38% (Nonassertive) to 64% (Domineering and Cold). Discussion Significant overlap between the interpersonal circumplex and the AMPD was demonstrated, but patterns are distinct from previous research among younger adults. The circumplex was limited in its relation to the AMPD’s personality functioning, but the pathological personality trait model was well represented through the circumplex. Results indicate that the circumplex may have some validity among older adults and warrants further investigation.

The “Lost” Personality Disorders and Their Relationships to the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders Among Older Adults

GeroPsych ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Lisa E. Stone ◽  
Daniel L. Segal ◽  
Frederick L. Coolidge
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
The Self ◽  
Personality Functioning ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Pathological Personality Traits

Abstract. Four personality disorders (PD) have become “lost” throughout the various editions of the DSM: Depressive, Passive-Aggressive, Sadistic, and Self-Defeating. The Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD) is a novel approach to PD classification, containing two diagnostic criteria: personality functioning and pathological personality traits. This study identifies the personality functioning and pathological personality trait features of the Lost PDs among older adults ( N = 202; Mage = 67.47 years). Results indicate that the Lost PDs related more strongly with the self-functioning domains (versus the interpersonal domains). Some pathological traits emerged in expected directions, whereas others did not, which is consistent with research on the traditional PDs. The AMPD appears to have mixed validity in capturing the Lost PDs in older adults, though overall it performed comparably well and warrants further examination.

An Empirical Evaluation of the DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorders in Later Life

2020 ◽  
pp. 009141502098076
Author(s):  
Lisa E. Stone ◽  
Daniel L. Segal
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Personality Functioning ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Pathological Personality Traits

Personality disorders (PDs) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM-5) are conceptualized as distinct clinical syndromes. However, debate persists about the clinical utility of this categorical model, with many researchers supporting a dimensional model that focuses on pathological personality traits and personality dysfunction. This model was published in Section III of DSM-5 and named the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD). This study evaluated the AMPD by examining relationships between traits and dysfunction with traditional categorical PD constructs among older adults. Older adults ( N = 202) completed the Personality Inventory for DSM-5, Levels of Personality Functioning Scale-Self-Report, and Coolidge Axis II Inventory. Results indicated that pathological personality traits do not relate to categorical PDs in directions predicted by the AMPD. Personality functioning related to categorical PDs in expected theoretical patterns according to the AMPD but lacked incremental validity above pathological personality traits. An implication of these findings is that the AMPD does not fully resolve the age-related issues with the traditional categorical PD model.

scholarly journals Pathological Personality Traits and Utilitarian Moral Judgments

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virgil Zeigler-Hill ◽  
Avi Besser ◽  
Sinead Cronin ◽  
Jennifer K. Vrabel
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Negative Affectivity ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Community Members ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Pathological Personality Traits

Recent research has highlighted important individual differences in moral judgment. The present study extends these findings by examining the associations between pathological personality traits and utilitarian moral judgments. This was accomplished by asking 2,121 Israeli community members to complete self-report measures concerning their pathological personality traits and evaluate the acceptability of utilitarian moral judgments in various sacrificial dilemmas (is it acceptable to intentionally kill one person in order to save several other people?). The results showed that the pathological personality traits of antagonism and disinhibition were positively associated with the endorsement of personal utilitarian moral judgments (i.e., those decisions requiring the individual to directly inflict harm on the would-be sacrificed individual), whereas negative affectivity was negatively associated with personal utilitarian moral judgments. Antagonism was the only pathological personality trait associated with impersonal utilitarian moral judgments (i.e., those decisions that did not require the individual to directly inflict harm on the would-be sacrificed individual). Discussion focuses on the implications of these findings for understanding the associations between pathological personality traits and moral judgments.

The Rorschach and the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Schneider ◽  
Steven K. Huprich ◽  
Kristi M. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Interpersonal Circumplex ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Inventory Of Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Interpersonal Difficulties ◽  
The Face ◽  
Rorschach Variables

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between a self-report (explicit) measure of interpersonal difficulties – the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP; Horowitz et al., 2000 ) – and the Rorschach, which includes implicit measures of self-perception and interpersonal relatedness. Seventeen a priori predictions were made regarding the face-valid associations (i.e., correlations) between the IIP and selected Rorschach variables. A sample of 62 undergraduates were administered the Rorschach and IIP. Their IIP scores were slightly higher than the normative sample reported by Horowitz et al. (1988) . Nonetheless, seven predicted relationships were statistically significant and included the following Rorschach variables: Intellectualization Index, AG, FM, S, T, Y, and MOR. These results remained significant when they were controlled for response productivity. Five of the predicted correlations approached statistical significance and included the following Rorschach variables: T, Food, Egocentricity Index, and M%. Most of the correlations were observed in the submissive hemisphere of the interpersonal circumplex. Nonsignificant results were partially explained to be the result of “heteromethod inversion” ( Bornstein, 2002 ) in which defensiveness in admitting difficulties in some interpersonal domains leads to apparent inconsistencies in explicit and implicit measures of a given trait or quality.

The Inter-Rater Reliability and Validity of the Italian Translation of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders Module I and Module II: A Preliminary Report on Consecutively Admitted Psychotherapy Outpatients

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (Supplement C) ◽  
pp. 95-123
Author(s):  
Antonella Somma ◽  
Serena Borroni ◽  
Giulia Gialdi ◽  
Davide Carlotta ◽  
Laura Emanuela Giarolli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Clinical Interview ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Personality Functioning ◽  
Dsm 5

To evaluate the reliability and convergent validity of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (SCID-5-AMPD) Module I and Module II, 88 adult psychotherapy participants were administered the Italian translations of the SCID-5-AMPD Module I and Module II, Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Brief Form (LPFS-BF), Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Self Report (LPFS-SF), Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+ (PDQ-4+), and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Personality Disorders (SCID-5-PD) relying on a Williams crossover design. SCID-5-AMPD Module I and Module II showed excellent inter-rater reliability. In terms of convergent validity, meaningful associations were observed between SCID-5-AMPD Module I scores and self-report measures of Criterion A; similarly, SCID-5-AMPD Module II trait scores were meaningfully related to PID-5 trait scores. As a whole, our preliminary findings supported the clinical utility of DSM-5 AMPD.

scholarly journals The Connections between Pathological Personality Traits and Interpersonal Behavior

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian A. McCabe ◽  
Jennifer K. Vrabel ◽  
Virgil Zeigler-Hill
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Negative Affectivity ◽  
Interpersonal Behavior ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Personality Functioning ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Big Five Model ◽  
Pathological Personality Traits

An alternative model of pathological personality traits was recently developed in an effort to address the challenges associated with the categorical model of personality disorder classification (e.g., high rates of comorbidity, minimal overlap with modern conceptualizations of personality structure). More specifically, this alternative model provides a dimensional framework through which personality disorders can be understood in terms of their level of impairment in personality functioning. The development of this alternative model led to the construction of the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5; Krueger, Derringer, Markon, Watson, & Skodol, 2012) which assesses the presence and level of the following pathological personality traits: negative affectivity, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition, and psychoticism. These pathological personality traits are considered to be maladaptive variants of the basic personality dimensions described by the Big Five model (i.e., neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness; Thomas et al., 2013). We will focus our review on previous research concerning the interpersonal outcomes associated with the PID-5 pathological personality traits and suggest possible directions for future research.

scholarly journals Pathological Traits and Interpersonal Difficulties in Depressed Older Adults: Clinical versus Community Sampling

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 898-898
Author(s):  
George Lederer ◽  
David Freedman ◽  
Lauren Atlas ◽  
Shira Kafker ◽  
Ira Yenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Inventory Of Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Personality Traits And Processes

Abstract Personality pathology, represented by high neuroticism and low agreeableness in the Five Factor Model of Personality, has been identified as a predictor of depression in mixed-age samples and preliminary studies of older adults. Research on older people, however, has not examined the differential impact of pathological personality traits and processes on depression or examined them across treatment settings. This secondary analysis examined personality traits and processes as predictors of depression, evaluated the moderating effect of interpersonal problems, and assessed stratification of these personality variables across community and clinical settings. Older adults (N=395) ranging in age from 55 to 99 (M = 72.06; SD = 10.10) from inpatient psychiatric, outpatient medical, and community settings completed self-report measures of personality traits (NEO-FFI Agreeableness and Neuroticism), processes (Inventory of Interpersonal Problems), and depression (GDS-30). Higher neuroticism predicted worsened depressive symptoms (β = .765, p < .001), as did lower agreeableness (β = -.163, p = .002) and more interpersonal problems (β = .459, p < .001). Findings partially supported the stratification of personality traits and processes by setting. Interpersonal problems moderated neither the neuroticism-depression or agreeableness-depression relationships. Personality traits and processes predict depression in older adults across care settings but do not significantly interact. Levels of pathological traits and processes vary across community and clinical settings.

Social Competence: An Interpersonal Analysis and Reformulation

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Gurtman
Keyword(s):  
Social Competence ◽  
Social Competency ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Interpersonal Behavior ◽  
Interpersonal Theory ◽  
Interpersonal Circumplex ◽  
Circumplex Model ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
Analytic Methods ◽  
Item Characteristics

Summary: Social competence is an alluring, yet elusive, construct. The purpose of this article is to examine social competence in relation to a model of interpersonal behavior, the interpersonal circumplex. The circumplex can serve as descriptive taxonomy for social competence constructs; it also gives rise to a set of analytic methods useful for validating particular measures and analyzing item characteristics. The value of the approach was demonstrated in studies done on an array of self-report measures. The results suggested that most social competency measures can be reconceptualized as some blend of Dominance, Extraversion, and Friendliness. When linked to interpersonal theory, the circumplex model provides an integrative framework for understanding social competence, and a springboard for generating and testing relevant hypotheses.

Do DSM-5 Section II personality disorders and Section III personality trait domains reflect the same genetic and environmental risk factors?

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 2205-2215 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Reichborn-Kjennerud ◽  
R. F. Krueger ◽  
E. Ystrom ◽  
F. A. Torvik ◽  
T. H. Rosenström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Dsm Iv

BackgroundDSM-5 includes two conceptualizations of personality disorders (PDs). The classification in Section II is identical to the one found in DSM-IV, and includes 10 categorical PDs. The Alternative Model (Section III) includes criteria for dimensional measures of maladaptive personality traits organized into five domains. The degree to which the two conceptualizations reflect the same etiological factors is not known.MethodsWe use data from a large population-based sample of adult twins from the Norwegian Institute of Public Health Twin Panel on interview-based DSM-IV PDs and a short self-report inventory that indexes the five domains of the DSM-5 Alternative Model plus a domain explicitly targeting compulsivity. Schizotypal, Paranoid, Antisocial, Borderline, Avoidant, and Obsessive-compulsive PDs were assessed at the same time as the maladaptive personality traits and 10 years previously. Schizoid, Histrionic, Narcissistic, and Dependent PDs were only assessed at the first interview. Biometric models were used to estimate overlap in genetic and environmental risk factors.ResultsWhen measured concurrently, there was 100% genetic overlap between the maladaptive trait domains and Paranoid, Schizotypal, Antisocial, Borderline, and Avoidant PDs. For OCPD, 43% of the genetic variance was shared with the domains. Genetic correlations between the individual domains and PDs ranged from +0.21 to +0.91.ConclusionThe pathological personality trait domains, which are part of the Alternative Model for classification of PDs in DSM-5 Section III, appears to tap, at an aggregate level, the same genetic risk factors as the DSM-5 Section II classification for most of the PDs.

Age-Neutrality of a Brief Assessment of the Section III Alternative Model for Personality Disorders in Older Adults

Assessment ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inge Debast ◽  
Gina Rossi ◽  
S. P. J. van Alphen
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Personality Functioning ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Criterion A ◽  
The Impact

The alternative model for personality disorders in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM-5) is considered an important step toward a possibly better conceptualization of personality pathology in older adulthood, by the introduction of levels of personality functioning (Criterion A) and trait dimensions (Criterion B). Our main aim was to examine age-neutrality of the Short Form of the Severity Indices of Personality Problems (SIPP-SF; Criterion A) and Personality Inventory for DSM-5–Brief Form (PID-5-BF; Criterion B). Differential item functioning (DIF) analyses and more specifically the impact on scale level through differential test functioning (DTF) analyses made clear that the SIPP-SF was more age-neutral (6% DIF, only one of four domains showed DTF) than the PID-5-BF (25% DIF, all four tested domains had DTF) in a community sample of older and younger adults. Age differences in convergent validity also point in the direction of differences in underlying constructs. Concurrent and criterion validity in geriatric psychiatry inpatients suggest that both the SIPP-SF scales measuring levels of personality functioning (especially self-functioning) and the PID-5-BF might be useful screening measures in older adults despite age-neutrality not being confirmed.

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