scholarly journals The African American United Memory and Aging Project: AD Knowledge and Family History as It Relates to Cognition

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 98-99
Author(s):  
Alyssa Gamaldo ◽  
Allison Caban-Holt ◽  
Travonia Brown-Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Visual Learning ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Black Adults ◽  
Biological Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Knowledge Survey ◽  
Age Range

Abstract This study explores the influence of Black adults’ Alzheimer’s disease (AD) knowledge and family history of AD on cognition. A sample of Black adults (n=66, age range=45-84) completed a computerized cognitive (CogState Brief) battery and surveys of AD knowledge, family history of AD diagnosis, and health. On the 14-item AD knowledge survey, participants correctly answered a mean of 10.80 (SD=1.50) items. Approximately, 56% reported a biological family member diagnosed with AD, of these 30% reported this being a mother or father. Linear regression models suggested no significant association between AD knowledge and cognitive performance. However, adults with a family member diagnosed with AD had worse visual learning accuracy even after adjusting for age, education, and income. Increased age was associated with worse processing speed, particularly in adults with a mother diagnosed with AD. These findings demonstrate the importance of examining the influence of family history on Black adults’ cognitive health.

Abstract MP26: Silent Small-vessel Cerebrovascular Disease In Individuals With A Family History Of Coronary Heart Disease: The Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) Study

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle C Johansen ◽  
Paul A Nyquist ◽  
Kevin Sullivan ◽  
Myriam Fornage ◽  
Rebecca F Gottesman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Family History ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cerebral Microbleeds ◽  
Lacunar Infarct ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
History Of

Background: It is established that a family history of coronary heart disease (FHCHD) is associated with coronary atherosclerosis in healthy first-degree relatives, but the extent to which FHCHD is associated with silent cerebrovascular disease (cSVD) is unknown. We hypothesized a higher prevalence of cSVD in healthy persons with FHCHD, independent of traditional risk factors, compared to those without FHCHD. Methods: ARIC is a community-based cohort study with self-reported family history data and brain magnetic resonance imaging (visit 5; 2011-13). The association between binary markers of cSVD (lacunar infarcts and/or cerebral microbleeds), or log-transformed white matter hyperintensity volume (WMH), and FHCHD (parent and/or sibling), or number of relatives was examined using separate adjusted multivariable logistic or linear regression models respectively. Sensitivity analysis (N=183) excluded prevalent CHD. Race interaction terms were included. Results: Of 1828 participants (76±5yo, 60% female, 28% black), 787 had FHCHD (699 parental, 209 sibling FHCHD). There were increased adjusted odds of lacunar infarct among those with parental FHCHD (Table). An increased odds of cerebral microbleeds were seen among those with sibling history but not parental. Effect estimates were similar when excluding those with prevalent CHD (Table). Greater number of siblings affected was associated with higher odds of lacunar infarct (OR 1.35, CI 1.04-1.74), lobar (OR 1.53, CI 1.12-2.09) and subcortical microbleeds (OR 1.30, CI 1.01-1.66). Odds of a lacunar infarct being present were higher among blacks (p-interaction 0.04) with paternal FHCHD (OR 2.20, CI 1.35-3.58) compared to whites (OR 1.17, CI 0.87-1.56). Neither FHCHD nor number of affected relatives was associated with WMH. Conclusions: Our results suggest that some cSVD manifestations are associated with FHCHD, potentially representing shared mechanisms in different vascular beds, and perhaps a genetic propensity for vascular disease.

scholarly journals Evidence for an Interaction Between NEDD4 and Childhood Trauma on Clinical Characters of Schizophrenia With Family History of Psychosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Jiao Bi ◽  
Lei Hu ◽  
Dong-Dong Qiao ◽  
Chao Han ◽  
Meng-Meng Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Family History ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Visual Learning ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Memory Score ◽  
History Of ◽  
Physical Neglect

Background: Neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated 4 (NEDD4) polymorphisms and childhood trauma (CT) are associated with schizophrenia. However, whether NEDD4 interacts with CT on symptoms of schizophrenia remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the gene–environment interaction effect.Methods: We recruited 289 schizophrenia patients and 487 controls and genotyped rs2303579, rs3088077, rs7162435, rs11550869, and rs62043855 in their NEDD4 gene.Results: We found significant differences in the rs2303579 and rs3088077 between the two groups. Patients with the rs2303579 CC genotype had higher scores compared with other genotype (P = 0.026) in the test of positive schizophrenia syndrome scores, whereas patients with the rs3088077 TT (P = 0.037) and rs7162435 CC genotypes (P = 0.009) had higher scores compared with the other genotypes in the test of excitement factor. Patients with a family history of psychosis (FH+) reported higher negative scores (P = 0.012) than those without. Patients exposed to physical abuse (PA) reported a lower language learning and memory score (P = 0.017) and working memory score (P = 0.047) than those not. Patients exposed to sexual abuse (SA) reported a lower reasoning and problem-solving skills score (P = 0.025); those exposed to emotional neglect (EN) reported a lower social cognition score (P = 0.044); and those exposed to physical neglect reported a lower social cognition score (P = 0.036) but higher visual learning and memory score (P = 0.032). Rs3088077 could interact with EN to increase risk for schizophrenia. Optimal model rs62043855 × EA, rs3088077 × rs7162435 × rs11550869 × SA × EN and rs2303579 × rs7162435 × rs11550869 × rs62043855 × EA × PA could explain positive symptom, excitement symptom and working memory, respectively, in FH+ group.Conclusion: The study highlighted that the combined interaction of NEDD4 and CT may be associated with symptoms of schizophrenia especially for those with FH+.

Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Health-Related Predictors of Objectively Measured Sedentary Time and Physical Activity During Pregnancy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Melissa A. Jones ◽  
Kara Whitaker ◽  
McKenzie Wallace ◽  
Bethany Barone Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Intensity Physical Activity ◽  
Health Related ◽  
History Of ◽  
Objectively Measured

Background: Sedentary behavior (SED) and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) have important implications for health; however, little is known about predictors of these behaviors during pregnancy. Methods: This cohort study measured SED (activPAL) and MVPA (GT3X) in each trimester of pregnancy. Univariate associations of demographic, socioeconomic, and pregnancy health-related factors with SED or MVPA were calculated. Associations with P < .10 were included in stepwise linear regression models to determine independent predictors in each trimester. Results: Pregnant women (n = 127) were age 31.0 (4.9) years and 78% white. In regression models across trimesters, fewer children ≤ age 5 in the household (P < .04) and primarily sitting job activity (P < .008) were related to higher SED and use of assisted reproductive technology (P < .05) was associated with higher MVPA. In at least one trimester, younger age was related to higher SED (P = .014); no history of pregnancy loss (P < .04), being married (P = .003), employed (P < .004, full time or student), white race (P = .006), and higher education (P = .010) were associated with higher MVPA. Conclusions: Predictors of SED in pregnancy were more consistent, and differed from predictors of MVPA. These findings may help identify women at risk of high SED or low MVPA, though future research in larger samples is needed.

scholarly journals The Prevalence and Characteristics of Colorectal Neoplasia in Acromegaly

2000 ◽  
Vol 85 (9) ◽  
pp. 3417-3424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew G. Renehan ◽  
Pudhupalayan Bhaskar ◽  
John E. Painter ◽  
Sarah T. O’Dwyer ◽  
Najib Haboubi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Colorectal Neoplasia ◽  
Screening Colonoscopy ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Colonic Neoplasia ◽  
Duration Of Disease ◽  
Age Range

Abstract An increased prevalence of colorectal neoplasia has been reported in acromegalic patients, and recommendations have been made for early colonoscopic screening and regular surveillance. This assumption, however, is frequently drawn from studies using selected control populations. To clarify colonoscopic management in these patients, we undertook a 2-center prospective screening colonoscopy study in 122 acromegalics (age range, 25–82 yr). In the absence of ideal age-matched controls, we calculated prevalence rates of occult adenocarcinomas and adenomas in the general population using cumulative data in the published literature from 8 autopsy studies (model 1, n = 3559) and 4 screening colonoscopy studies (model 2, n = 810), applying linear regression models. Of the 115 patients with complete examinations, adenocarcinomas were discovered in 3 (2.6%), and at least 1 adenoma was found in 11, giving an overall prevalence of neoplasia of 12% (14 of 115). Prevalence rates for age bands 30–40, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, and 70+ yr were 0%, 8%, 12%, 20%, and 21%, respectively. Compared with the 2 control models, the prevalence of occult colorectal cancer was not significantly increased (acromegalics vs. models 1 and 2, 2.6% vs. 2.3% and 0.9%), nor was there an increase in the prevalence of adenomas in any age band. Pathological characteristics showed some differences, in that adenomas in acromegalics tended to be right sided (68% vs. 57% and 56%), larger (for ≥10 mm, 27% vs. 13% and 9%), and of advanced histology (for tubulovillous, 27% vs. 4% and 22%). No associations were found between the presence of colonic neoplasia and the duration of disease, total GH exposure, cure status, and serum insulin-like growth factor I. This study has failed to demonstrate an increased prevalence of neoplasia in acromegalic patients compared with the expected prevalence in the general population and questions the need for an aggressive colonoscopic screening policy.

scholarly journals Family history of substance use disorders: Significance for mental health in young adults who gamble

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon E. Grant ◽  
Samuel R. Chamberlain
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Family History ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Degree Relative ◽  
History Of

AbstractBackgroundAlthough family history of psychiatric disorders has often been considered potentially useful in understanding clinical presentations in patients, it is less clear what a positive family history means for people who gamble in the general community. We sought to understand the clinical and cognitive impact of having a first-degree relative with a substance use disorder (SUD) in a sample of non-treatment seeking young adults.Methods576 participants (aged 18–29 years) who gambled at least five times in the preceding year undertook clinical and neurocognitive evaluations. Those with a first-degree relative with a SUD were compared to those without on a number of demographic, clinical and cognitive measures. We used Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression to identify which variables (if any) were significantly associated with family history of SUDs, controlling for the influence of other variables on each other.Results180 (31.3%) participants had a first-degree family member with a SUD. In terms of clinical variables, family history of SUD was significantly associated with higher rates of substance use (alcohol, nicotine), higher rates of problem gambling, and higher occurrence of mental health disorders. Family history of SUD was also associated with more set-shifting problems (plus higher rates of obsessive-compulsive tendencies), lower quality of decision-making, and more spatial working memory errors.ConclusionsThese results indicate that gamblers with a first-degree family member with a SUD may have a unique clinical and cognition presentation. Understanding these differences may be relevant to developing more individualized treatment approaches for disordered gambling. Compulsivity may be important as a proxy of vulnerability towards addiction.

Adjuvant chemoradiation therapy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma: Impact of family history on outcome

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 15044-15044
Author(s):  
J. M. Herman ◽  
T. J. Pawlik ◽  
M. Swartz ◽  
H. M. Yu ◽  
R. Schulick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Family History ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Median Survival ◽  
Chemoradiation Therapy ◽  
Lymph Node Status ◽  
Adjuvant Chemoradiation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

15044 Background: The objective of the current study was to examine the impact of a family history of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PCA) on the outcome of patients receiving adjuvant chemoradiation therapy (CRT) following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Patients and Methods: Between August 1993 and February 2005, 902 patients underwent PD for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Following PD, 405 patients received no adjuvant CRT, while 346 patients received CRT. Another 151 patients were excluded because they received protocol treatment, neoadjuvant CRT, or were lost to follow-up. Patients who received adjuvant CRT were treated with 5-FU (97.4%) based CRT (median dose 50 Gy) and maintenance 5-FU or gemcitabine. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and differences in survival were examined using the log-rank test. Cox regression analysis was used to control for family history. Results: Of the 751 patients included in the study, 158 (21%) patients had a known family history of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (only one family member n=119; >=2 either first or second degree relatives, n=39). Clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with a family history of PCA were similar to those of patients who did not have a family history (age, race, positive lymph node status, primary tumor size, and proportion receiving adjuvant CRT; all P>0.05). In an analysis of the entire patient cohort, adjuvant CRT was associated with an improvement in median overall survival compared with no adjuvant CRT (21.0 months vs. 14.6 months, respectively; P= 0.001). Family history of PCA (>=1 family member) was not associated with overall survival (positive family history, 20.0 months vs. negative family history, 17.3 months; P = 0.12). Family history of PCA also did not modify the effect of CRT on overall survival. Specifically, on multivariate analysis, after stratifying on family history (>=1 family member), CRT remained significantly associated with an improved survival (Hazard ratio=0.71; P=0.001). Conclusion: Adjuvant 5-FU based CRT improves the median survival of patients with resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The improvement in median survival associated with adjuvant CRT was independent of a familial history of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Family history of associated disorders in patients with postural tachycardia syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-394
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R. Boris ◽  
Jing Huang ◽  
Timothy Shuey ◽  
Thomas Bernadzikowski
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Joint Hypermobility ◽  
Postural Tachycardia Syndrome ◽  
Postural Tachycardia ◽  
Affected Family Member ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Patients

AbstractIntroduction:Postural tachycardia syndrome is more frequently being recognised in adolescents and adults. However, its pathophysiology remains undefined. We evaluated our database for patterns in family history of clinical symptoms and associated disorders in these patients.Materials and methods:Patients with postural tachycardia syndrome diagnosed in our clinic between 2014 and 2018 and who were less than 19 years at diagnosis were included. The history was reviewed for family members with postural tachycardia syndrome, dizziness and/or syncope, joint hypermobility with or without hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, and autoimmune disorders. Statistical analysis assessed the entire cohort plus differences in gender, presence or absence of joint hypermobility, and presence or absence of familial autoimmune disease.Results:A total of 579 patients met inclusion criteria. We found that 14.2% of patients had a family member with postural tachycardia syndrome, with male patients more likely to have an affected family member (20% versus 12.7%, p = 0.04). If the patient also had joint hypermobility, male patients were more likely to have a family member with postural tachycardia syndrome (25% versus 12.6%, p = 0.017), more than one affected family member (7.1% versus 0.74%, p = 0.001), and a family member with joint hypermobility (37.5% versus 23.7%, p = 0.032). Autoimmune disease was seen in 45.1% of family members, but more likely in female patients with concurrent hypermobility (21.1% versus 8.9%, p = 0.035).Discussion:This in-depth analysis of associated familial disorders in patients with postural tachycardia syndrome offers further insight into the pathophysiology of the disorder, and informs further screening of family members in these patients.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity in an Apparently Healthy Chinese Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Liangmei Chen ◽  
Xiaomin Liu ◽  
Linpei Jia ◽  
Zheyi Dong ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Healthy Chinese ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Purpose. To investigate the factors influencing brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in an apparently healthy Chinese population, especially the associations between baPWV and indices of blood pressure (BP). Methods. A total of 1123 participants with no history of hypertension were enrolled in this study, and the baPWV and BP of all four limbs were measured along with other covariates. Correlation analyses and multivariate linear regression models were used to identify factors associated with baPWV. Results. A total of 1123 participants (male 43.3%, mean age: 58.4±13.9 years) were included. The average baPWV was 14.87±3.21 m/s, and no difference was found between the sexes. Age was positively correlated with baPWV (r=0.65, p<0.01), especially in females (r=0.71 versus 0.56 in males). The correlation coefficient between age and baPWV increased markedly after the age of 65 years. In addition, the resting heart rate (RHR), waist-hip ratio, glomerular filtration rate, and plasma glucose level were significantly correlated with baPWV (r=0.25, 0.22, -0.43, and 0.25, respectively; p<0.01). BP parameters were highly positively correlated with baPWV, especially systolic BP (SBP) and pulse pressure (PP). Multivariate regression revealed that age, BP parameters, and RHR were independently correlated with baPWV (p<0.01) after adjusting for confounding factors. The standardized coefficients of SBP were greater than those of PP, followed by diastolic BP (DBP). Conclusion. BaPWV increased with age, especially after 65 years. Age, BP, and RHR were independent factors associated with baPWV. The effect of SBP on baPWV was more prominent than that of PP.

scholarly journals P197 The effect of a positive family history on the phenotype and course of paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S262-S263
Author(s):  
M Ruban ◽  
S Cohen ◽  
A Yerushalmy-Feler
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Family History ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Nutritional Therapy ◽  
Negative Family History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Aggressive Clinical Course

Abstract Background Previous studies have suggested that adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that have a positive family history of IBD may be at risk for a more aggressive clinical course, compared with sporadic cases. The role of a positive family history in paediatric IBD, however, has not been elucidated. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of children with IBD and retrieved demographic and clinical characteristics, including IBD phenotype, course and therapy. We have documented the presence of a positive family history of IBD, and compared the clinical data of children with a positive family history to that of children with a negative family history. Results Overall, 325 children with a median (IQR) age of 13.9 (11–15) years at diagnosis were included: 194 (59.7%) with Crohn’s disease (CD) and 131 (40.3%) with ulcerative colitis. A positive family history of IBD was observed in 82 children (25.2%). Of them, 36 (43.9%) had a first-degree family member with IBD, and 23 (28%) had more than one family member with IBD. Children with a positive family history had a higher risk for stricturing phenotype (11.3% versus 2.8%, P=0.05) and were treated more often by nutritional therapy (53.7% versus 36.6%, P=0.007) and less by corticosteroids (36.6% versus 52.7%, P=0.012). Children with a negative family history had a higher need to intensification of biologic therapy [Hazard ratio (HR)=1.792, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.005–3.195, P=0.041 and HR=2.597, 95% CI 1.224–5.525, P=0.008 for CD) (Figure 1). No difference in the risk for IBD exacerbation, hospitalization and operation was found between the groups. Conclusion A positive family history of IBD may have a mild impact on the phenotype and course of paediatric IBD.

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