scholarly journals MARMOSET MONKEYS AS A MODEL OF AGING

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S8-S9
Author(s):  
Suzette Tardif ◽  
Corinna Ross
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
World Monkey ◽  
Common Marmoset ◽  
Preclinical Model ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Short Life Span ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Interest in the New World Monkey, the common marmoset, as a nonhuman primate aging model is growing. Because marmosets have a fast maturation and short life span compared with more commonly used Old World monkey models, the aging research community began to explore the potential of this model species. In addition, the relative ease with which marmosets can be bred in a barrier environment enhances their value as a life-span model. Since that time, efforts to better define what aging actually looks like in marmosets has intensified. Important findings of the past decade include: (1) a refined definition of lifespan in this species and what affects age-specific survival; (2) assessments of age-related pathological changes; (3) development of functional phenotyping relevant to aging, such as activiyy, strength, body composition, cytokine profiling; (4) support of studies using the marmoset as a preclinical model to test intervention that may modulate the aging process.

scholarly journals DEVELOPING THE COMMON MARMOSET AS A TRANSLATIONAL MODEL OF AGE-RELATED OSTEOARTHRITIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S104-S104
Author(s):  
Dennis M Minton ◽  
Angela J Marolf ◽  
Kelly S Santangelo ◽  
Adam B Salmon ◽  
Adam R Konopka
Keyword(s):  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Common Marmoset ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Common

Abstract Age is a primary risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA). The mechanisms that contribute to OA are poorly understood and disease modifying treatments have not been identified. A critical shortcoming in developing therapies is the limited number of translational models available to identify the causes of naturally occurring OA. Our goal is to use the common marmoset as a non-human primate (NHP) model of age-related OA. NHP are the closest evolutionary relative to humans and share many characteristics of human aging. The marmoset has advantages over other NHP for aging research because of their relatively short maximal lifespan and small size. Micro-computed tomography (uCT) was performed on whole-knee joints obtained from young (10 yrs, n=3) marmosets at necropsy. OA was evaluated using a clinical uCT scoring system and quantitative assessments of subchondral bone structure and ossified meniscal volume. Advancing age was positively correlated to increased uCT OA score (p<0.05, r=0.59 ), mainly through increased number and size of osteophytes and progressive subchondral bone sclerosis from the medial to both medial and lateral compartments. For marmosets displaying meniscal ossification, older marmosets had greater (p<0.05) ossified meniscal volume than middle-aged and younger marmosets, respectively. Trabecular (p=0.05) and cortical bone thickness (p<0.05) were also lower in older marmosets. These data are the first to indicate that the marmoset develops naturally occurring, age-related OA and support the pursuit of additional studies using the marmoset to identify OA mechanisms and test potential interventions.

scholarly journals The Common Marmoset: A Highly Translatable Small Nonhuman Primate Model of Aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 412-412
Author(s):  
Ricki Colman
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Common Marmoset ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Primate Model ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
Short Lifespan ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Shared Parenting ◽  
The Common

Abstract The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) has been used in biomedical research for many years, but within the last decade its popularity has increased dramatically prompted to a large degree by their realized utility for neuroscience and aging research. Many factors make the marmoset an attractive model system including their genetic and physiological similarity to humans, relatively short lifespan (average of ~13 years, maximum of ~20 years), high fertility (highest of any primate, routine production of 2-3 offspring every 5-6 months), rapid development (reproductively competent by ~1.5 years of age, aged by 7-8 years of age), small size (~400 grams), human-like social structure consisting of cooperative breeding with shared parenting responsibilities, and lack of zoonotic diseases of concern to humans. Marmosets share ~93% sequence identity with the human genome and they develop similar age-related conditions as humans. Marmosets may strike the perfect balance between similarity to humans and abbreviated aging course.

scholarly journals The mechanism of end-organ resistance to 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in the common marmoset

1985 ◽  
Vol 227 (2) ◽  
pp. 555-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Takahashi ◽  
S Suda ◽  
T Shinki ◽  
N Horiuchi ◽  
Y Shiina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
World Monkey ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Common Marmoset ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
The Common ◽  
Diet Intake ◽  
Circulating Levels

The common marmoset, a New World monkey, requires a large amount of cholecalciferol (110 i.u./day per 100g body wt.) to maintain its normal growth. In a previous report, we demonstrated that the circulating levels of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1 alpha,25(OH)2D3] in the marmosets are much higher than those in rhesus monkeys and humans, but the marmosets are not hypercalcaemic [Shinki, Shiina, Takahashi, Tanioka, Koizumi & Suda (1983) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 14, 452-457]. To compare the effect of the daily intake of cholecalciferol, two rhesus monkeys were given a large amount of cholecalciferol (900 i.u./day per 100g body wt). Their serum levels of calcium, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and 24R,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol were markedly elevated, but the serum 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 levels remained within a range similar to those in the rhesus monkeys fed the normal diet (intake of cholecalciferol 5 i.u./day per 100g body wt). Intestinal cytosols prepared from both monkeys contained similar 3.5 S macromolecules to which 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 was bound specifically. However, the cytosols from the marmosets contained only one-sixth as many 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 receptors as those from the rhesus monkeys. Furthermore, the activity of the 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3-receptor complex in binding to DNA-cellulose was very low in the marmosets. These results suggest that the marmoset possesses an end-organ resistance to 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 and is a useful animal model for studying the mechanism of vitamin D-dependent rickets, type II.

Longer Life Spans and Delayed Maturation in Wild-Derived Mice

2002 ◽  
Vol 227 (7) ◽  
pp. 500-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Miller ◽  
James M. Harper ◽  
Robert C. Dysko ◽  
Stephen J. Durkee ◽  
Steven N. Austad
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
Maximal Life Span ◽  
Common Stocks ◽  
Physiology And Biochemistry ◽  
The Common ◽  
Delayed Maturation ◽  
Laboratory Breeding

Nearly all the experimental mice used in aging research are derived from lineages that have been selected for many generations for adaptation to laboratory breeding conditions and are subsequently inbred. To see if inbreeding and laboratory adaptation might have altered the frequencies of genes that influence life span, we have developed three lines of mice (Idaho [Id], Pohnpel [Po], and Majuro [Ma]) from wild-trapped progenitors, and have compared them with a genetically heterogeneous mouse stock (DC) representative of the laboratoryadapted gene pool. Mean life span of the Id stock exceeded that of the DC stock by 24% (P < 0.00002), and maximal life span, estimated as mean longevity of the longest-lived 10% of the mice, was also increased by 16% (P < 0.003). Mice of the Ma stock also had a significantly longer maximal longevity than DC mice (9%, P = 0.04). The longest-lived Id mouse died at the age of 1450 days, which appears to exceed the previous longevity record for fully fed, non-mutant mice. The life table of the Po mice resembled that of the DC controls. Ma and Id mice differ from DC mice in several respects: both are shorter and lighter, and females of both stocks, particularly Id, are much slower to reach sexual maturity. As young adults, Id mice have lower levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I), leptin, and glycosylated hemoglobin compared with DC controls, implicating several biochemical pathways as potential longevity mediators. The results support the idea that inadvertent selection for rapid maturation and large body size during the adaptation of the common stocks of laboratory mice may have forced the loss of natural alleles that retard the aging process. Genes present in the Id and Ma stocks may be valuable tools for the analysis of the physiology and biochemistry of aging in mice.

scholarly journals NEUROMUSCULAR CHANGES WITH AGING AND SARCOPENIA

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
B.C. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
The Past ◽  
Conceptual Definition ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Function

Sarcopenia was originally conceptualized as the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass. Over the ensuing decades, the conceptual definition of sarcopenia has changed to represent a condition in older adults that is characterized by declining muscle mass and function, with “function” most commonly conceived as muscle weakness and/or impaired physical performance (e.g., slow gait speed). Findings over the past 15-years, however, have demonstrated that changes in grip and leg extensor strength are not primarily due to muscle atrophy per se, and that to a large extent, are reflective of declines in the integrity of the nervous system. This article briefly summarizes findings relating to the complex neuromuscular mechanisms that contribute to reductions in muscle function associated with advancing age, and the implications of these findings on the development of effective therapies.

scholarly journals Aging research using the common marmoset: Focus on aging interventions

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna N. Ross ◽  
Adam B. Salmon
Keyword(s):  
Common Marmoset ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
The Common

scholarly journals Postmenopausal Osteoporosis is an Age Related Physiological Change and not A Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Basavaraj S Hadapad
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Medical Graduates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Normal People ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Main Culprit ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Almost All

For the past few decades it is taught at medical schools that hormonal and calcium deficiencies are the main culprit in causation of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis.  Because of this myth, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been used increasingly to prevent and cure PMO by the medical graduates at global level. The very definition of “normality” is flawed seriously. The statistical mean plus/minus two standard deviations automatically brings in five per cent of normal people into the fold of patients-the false positives. This goes up to 25% when disease statistics are used to measure healthy people. If we extend this definition further, almost all will come under the umbrella of patients! Age related osteoporosis falls under this label. 

Sense of Taste in a New World Monkey, the Common Marmoset. II. Link Between Behavior and Nerve Activity

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 1067-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicktoria Danilova ◽  
Göran Hellekant
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
World Monkey ◽  
Electrophysiological Study ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Common Marmoset ◽  
Gustatory System ◽  
New World Monkey ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship

In a previous study, we characterized the gustatory system of a New World monkey the common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus jacchus, with electrophysiological techniques by recording from taste fibers of the chorda tympani proper (CT) and glossopharyngeal (NG) nerves. Hierarchical cluster analysis identified three clusters of taste fibers: S fibers, responding predominantly to sweeteners, Q fibers, responding predominantly to bitter stimuli, and H fibers, responding predominantly to acids. In this study, we employed two behavioral techniques, the two-bottle preference (TBP) and conditioned taste aversion (CTA), to study the taste of the compounds used in the previous electrophysiological study. The results showed that compounds that did not stimulate any taste fibers were neither preferred nor rejected. Compounds that activated only S fibers were always preferred over water. When aversion to sucrose was created by the CTA method, these compounds were rejected. Compounds that activated Q fibers were rejected and consumed less than water. We studied the relationship between intake and net response from S and Q fibers in the CT and NG nerves. Intake was measured as a preference ratio in TBP test. The net response was defined as: (SCT + SNG) − (QCT + QNG), where SCT + SNG denotes the sum of the responses in S fibers of the CT and NG nerves. Similarly, QCT + QNG represents the sum of the responses in Q fibers of the CT and NG nerves. The relationship between intake and the Net response was linear with a Pearson correlation coefficient 0.85. This study supports our hypothesis that intake is influenced by S and Q fibers, where S fibers serve as a hedonically positive input and Q fibers as a hedonically negative input.

scholarly journals The common marmoset monkey: avenues for exploring the prenatal, placental, and postnatal mechanisms in developmental programming of pediatric obesity

2018 ◽  
Vol 314 (5) ◽  
pp. R684-R692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laren Riesche ◽  
Suzette D. Tardif ◽  
Corinna N. Ross ◽  
Victoria A. deMartelly ◽  
Toni Ziegler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
World Monkey ◽  
Common Marmoset ◽  
Developmental Programming ◽  
Intrauterine Environment ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Marmoset Monkey ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Common

Animal models have been critical in building evidence that the prenatal experience and intrauterine environment are capable of exerting profound and permanent effects on metabolic health through developmental programming of obesity. However, despite physiological and evolutionary similarities, nonhuman primate models are relatively rare. The common marmoset monkey ( Callithrix jacchus) is a New World monkey that has been used as a biomedical model for well more than 50 years and has recently been framed as an appropriate model for exploring early-life impacts on later health and disease. The spontaneous, multifactorial, and early-life development of obesity in the common marmoset make it a valuable research model for advancing our knowledge about the role of the prenatal and placental mechanisms involved in developmental programming of obesity. This paper provides a brief overview of obesity in the common marmoset, followed by a discussion of marmoset reproduction and placental characteristics. We then discuss the occurrence and utility of variable intrauterine environments in developmental programming in marmosets. Evidence of developmental programming of obesity will be given, and finally, we put forward future directions and innovations for including the placenta in developmental programming of obesity in the common marmoset.

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