scholarly journals MEASURING LOST-WORK OPPORTUNITY AT RETIREMENT AGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S42-S42
Author(s):  
Maren Wright Voss ◽  
Soham Al Snih ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Man Hung ◽  
lorie Richards
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Involuntary Retirement ◽  
Lost Work ◽  
Retirement Decisions ◽  
Work Opportunity

Abstract There is uncertainty related to whether retirement negatively impacts health--possibly due to the complexity of retirement decisions. The role of lost work opportunity on retirement decisions may help clarify when retirement has a favorable or negative impact on health. Lost work opportunity can be defined as forced retirement or unemployment prompting an earlier than planned retirement. However, 17% of individuals retiring due to the loss of work opportunity (i.e., unemployment, temporary lay-offs, company buy-outs, forced relocations, etc.) do not report either unemployment or involuntary retirement in survey data. We propose a broader conceptualization of late-career unemployment. Using the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a lost-work opportunity score (LOS) was computed from items indicating unemployment and forced or unplanned retirement. Correlations were computed between this LOS and all continuous variables in the RAND longitudinal compilation of the HRS to determine its convergent and discriminant validity. The LOS demonstrated a Chronbach’s alpha of α=0.82 and had convergent validity with constructs of employment (9 variables), finances (36 variables), and health (14 variables), as predicted by the literature on retirement timing. No other continuous variables in the HRS were identified with a moderate or strong correlation to LOS, demonstrating discriminant validity. Further research should explore whether a combination of variables in the HRS can improve the accuracy of measuring retirement voluntariness. Improved precision in measurement, through an expanded conceptualization of lost-work opportunity, may help explicate the retirement-related factors that impact health, to inform policy and support healthy aging decisions at a societal level.

scholarly journals Boundaries of the Construct of Unemployment in the Preretirement Years: Exploring an Expanded Measurement of Lost-Work Opportunity

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Maren Wright Voss ◽  
Soham Al Snih ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Man Hung ◽  
Lorie Gage Richards
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Involuntary Retirement ◽  
Lost Work ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
Work Opportunity

Abstract There is uncertainty related to whether retirement negatively affects health—possibly due to complexity around retirement decisions. Lost-work opportunity through unemployment or forced retirement has been shown to negatively affect health. Lost-work opportunity can be captured in two measurement fields, either a reported experience of being forced into retirement or reported unemployment. However, 17% of individuals retiring due to the loss of work opportunity identified in qualitative interviewing (i.e., unemployment, temporary lay-offs, company buy-outs, forced relocations, etc.) do not report this unemployment or involuntary retirement in quantitative survey responses. We propose broadening the conceptualization of late-career unemployment to incorporate other lost work opportunity scenarios. Using the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a lost-work opportunity score (LOS) was computed from items indicating unemployment and forced or unplanned retirement. Correlations were computed between this LOS and all continuous variables in the RAND longitudinal compilation of the HRS to determine its convergent and discriminant validity. The LOS demonstrated a Chronbach’s alpha of α = .82 and had convergent validity with constructs of employment (9 variables), finances (36 variables), and health (14 variables), as predicted by the literature on retirement timing. No other continuous variables in the HRS were identified with a moderate or strong correlation to LOS, demonstrating discriminant validity. Further research should explore whether a combination of variables in the HRS can improve the accuracy of measuring lost-work opportunity. Improved precision in measurement, through an expanded conceptualization of lost-work opportunity, may help explicate the retirement-related factors that affect health, to inform policy and support healthy aging decisions at a societal level.

scholarly journals Lost Work Opportunity Score Predicts Health in Retirement

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 570-570
Author(s):  
Maren Wright Voss ◽  
Man Hung ◽  
Lorie Richards ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Pollie Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Level ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Involuntary Retirement ◽  
Lost Work ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Evidence Of Impact ◽  
Work Opportunity

Abstract Objectives Under-reporting of unemployment or forced retirement has consequences for measuring the impacts of job changes on health at retirement. We analyzed a comprehensive three-part measure of lost work opportunity for evidence of impact on health. Methods We combined variables from the Health and Retirement Study for 2,576 respondents assessing unemployment, forced retirement, and earlier than planned retirement into a single lost work opportunity score (LOS). We evaluated the reliability and unidimensionality of the LOS. We conducted multivariate regression to assess health impacts controlling for age, gender, education, race, ethnicity, and prior health status. Results The Cronbach’s Alpha for the LOS was a = 0.76 and the LOS variables primarily loaded onto a single component demonstrating undimensionality. The LOS significantly predicted self-reported health (⃞ = .16; p < .001) with higher lost work associated with negative health outcomes (Cox and Snell R2 = 0.07). The LOS score significantly predicted mental health declines (⃞ = .07; p = .002)(Cox and Snell R2 = 0.07). Discussion Population-level data indicates that health declines following both unemployment and retirement, but there is ample evidence that early or planned retirements do not show the same negative health impacts. We examined the health impact of retirement using the construct of lost work opportunity rather than voluntary or involuntary retirement, per se. Our findings indicate that as much as 7% of negative health changes in the early retirement years could be attributable to employment changes that were unplanned or experienced as outside the retiree's control.

scholarly journals Housing Poverty and Healthy Aging in China: Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9911
Author(s):  
Peng Nie ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Lanlin Ding ◽  
Alfonso Sousa-Poza
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Household Expenditure ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
The Government ◽  
Quantile Regression Decomposition

Background: Although prior research on the housing–health linkage suggested that those with poor housing conditions are more likely to report poor health, it is dominated by Western studies and offers little evidence on the housing–health relation in China. Scarce is empirical evidence on the potentially detrimental impact of either qualitative or quantitative housing poverty on health outcomes, especially for seniors in China. This paper aims to fill this void by using data from the 2011–2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) to provide a comprehensive analysis of the demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors that contribute to changes in healthy aging among Chinese adults aged 60 and over. Methods: Data collected from 8839 adults aged 60 and over in the 2011 and 2015 CHARLS (3732 in 2011 and 5107 in 2015) were used. We first used six blood-based biomarkers to construct a composite measure of the Chinese Healthy Aging Index (CHAI, ranging from 0 (healthiest) to 12 (unhealthiest)) and then assessed the psychometric properties of the CHAI score, including acceptability, internal consistency, convergent validity, discriminative validity and precision. In addition, we employed both mean-based Blinder–Oaxaca and unconditional quantile regression decomposition to decompose the change in healthy aging within the 2011–2015 period. Results: We overall identified a decrease in CHAI score from 5.69 in 2011 to 5.20 in 2015, which implies an improvement in healthy aging during this period. Our linear decomposition revealed that dependent on the type of measure used (whether quality, quantity, or combined quality–quantity), housing poverty explained 4–8% of the differences in CHAI score. Our distributional decompositions also highlighted an important role for housing poverty in the change in healthy aging, accounting for approximately 7–23% of the explained portion. Within this latter, the relative contribution of housing quantity and quality poverty was more pronounced at the median and upper end of the CHAI distribution. We also found household expenditure to be significantly associated with healthy aging among older Chinese adults and made the largest contribution to the improvement in healthy aging over time. Conclusions: The association between housing poverty and CHAI is independent of household expenditure. Regardless of type, housing poverty is positively associated with a decrease in healthy aging. Thus, improved housing conditions boost healthy aging, and housing amelioration initiatives may offer the most effective solution for augmenting healthy aging in China. Improvement of flush toilets and the access to potable water and a separate kitchen require particular attention. Since high-density congested housing has a negative impact on healthy aging, more attention can also be paid to improvements in the available space for older people. Especially at an institutional level, the government may extend the housing policy from a homeownership scheme to a housing upgrading scheme by improving housing conditions.

Factors Influencing Consumers’ Purchase Behaviour towards Green Packaged Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Goh Mei Ling ◽  
Ho Sew Tiep ◽  
Yeo Sook Fern ◽  
Teh Wei Lun
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Environmental Attitude

The disposal of plastic packaging has caused the amount of waste generation, which have a negative impact on the environment. Green packaging, which is more eco-friendly packaging, is harmless to human health and biodegradable. Many businesses have turned to the movement of going green by providing green products and services. Hence, the objective of this study is to investigate the factors that influence the purchase behaviour of consumers towards green packaged products. A total of 200 respondents was recruited using convenience sampling. Data were collected with a set of self-administered questionnaires that covered respondents' profiles and all the variables in the research model. Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling was used to assess the measurement model and structural model. Both convergent validity and discriminant validity were deemed satisfactory. The findings have revealed 0.444 of R2 means that the model explains 44.4% of the total variation of purchase behaviour. Environmental concern and environmental attitude were found to affect consumers’ purchase behaviour positively towards green packaged products. Environmental knowledge and social influence, however, were found to be non-significant. This study will be able to provide valuable information to the marketers to focus not only on their products but the packaging of their products as well. This study also provides an insight into the consumers’ purchase behaviour towards green packaged products. It is recommended for future research to recruit more respondents with a more diversified background.

The effect of country image on hypermarket patronage intention

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gongjian Kan ◽  
Gérard Cliquet ◽  
Maria Puelles Gallo
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Country Image ◽  
Chinese Consumers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Patronage Intention

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the cultural influences that country image has on consumers' hypermarket patronage intention in China and Spain. Design/methodology/approach – Structural equation modelling is utilised to examine the competency of the model in explaining both Spanish and Chinese consumers' intention to patronize major hypermarket brands in their own countries. Findings – This study has tested the applicability of TRA model in both the China case and the Spain case and confirmed the role of national culture in influencing retail patronage behaviour. In Spain, country image has a direct effect on consumers' hypermarket patronage intention while in China this effect is indirect. In deciding on their patronage behaviours, Spanish consumers tend to rely more on the experience attributes of a hypermarket store and are less likely to be affected by subjective norms. In contrast, Chinese consumers have stronger ethnocentric tendencies in hypermarket shopping behaviour than do Spanish consumers. Research limitations/implications – The coverage and components of the sample are limited. The convergent validity and discriminant validity of country image scale has not been tested thoroughly. Practical implications – Foreign hypermarket managers in China should attach special importance to enhancing the experience attributes of their stores and realize the important role of subjective norm in affecting consumers' retail patronage behaviour in collectivist cultures. In addition, multinational retailers in China need to forge a sound image of “corporate citizen” in order to diminish the negative impact of consumer ethnocentrism on their operations. Originality/value – This paper for the first time tests a model developed in western contexts to explain retailer patronage behaviour in an eastern country and examines the cultural differences of country image effects on this behaviour.

CODEM Instrument

GeroPsych ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Kuemmel (This author contributed eq ◽  
Julia Haberstroh (This author contributed ◽  
Johannes Pantel
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Communication Behavior ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Pearson's R ◽  
Pearson’S R

Communication and communication behaviors in situational contexts are essential conditions for well-being and quality of life in people with dementia. Measuring methods, however, are limited. The CODEM instrument, a standardized observational communication behavior assessment tool, was developed and evaluated on the basis of the current state of research in dementia care and social-communicative behavior. Initially, interrater reliability was examined by means of videoratings (N = 10 people with dementia). Thereupon, six caregivers in six German nursing homes observed 69 residents suffering from dementia and used CODEM to rate their communication behavior. The interrater reliability of CODEM was excellent (mean κ = .79; intraclass correlation = .91). Statistical analysis indicated that CODEM had excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = .95). CODEM also showed excellent convergent validity (Pearson’s R = .88) as well as discriminant validity (Pearson’s R = .63). Confirmatory factor analysis verified the two-factor solution of verbal/content aspects and nonverbal/relationship aspects. With regard to the severity of the disease, the content and relational aspects of communication exhibited different trends. CODEM proved to be a reliable, valid, and sensitive assessment tool for examining communication behavior in the field of dementia. CODEM also provides researchers a feasible examination tool for measuring effects of psychosocial intervention studies that strive to improve communication behavior and well-being in dementia.

Validation of the German Version of the Exercise Dependence Scale

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Müller ◽  
Laurence Claes ◽  
Dirk Smits ◽  
Olaf Gefeller ◽  
Anja Hilbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Exercise Dependence ◽  
German Population ◽  
German Version ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Eating Disorder Examination ◽  
Dependence Scale

This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the German version of the 21-item Exercise Dependence Scale (EDS-G), which was administered in a large representative German sample (N = 1,611). In order to examine convergent validity, we also asked participants to answer the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q). To investigate the discriminant validity, clients of fitness centers (N = 129), sport students (N = 85), and medical students (N = 129) filled out the EDS-G. In this German population-based sample, the seven-factor structure suggested by the original authors as well as a higher-order model (7 + 1 factor model) were supported. The total EDS-G scale showed an excellent internal reliability and was positively related to the EDE-Q total and subscale scores. The EDS-G scores differentiated between samples with varying degrees of exercise. In summary, the results indicate that the EDS-G is a psychometrically sound and potentially valid brief measure for the assessment of exercise dependence symptoms.

Development and Construct Validation of the German Workplace Trust Survey (G-WTS)

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nale Lehmann-Willenbrock ◽  
Simone Kauffeld
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Affective Commitment ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Organizational Context ◽  
Organizational Trust ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Reliable Assessment ◽  
Workplace Trust

In research on trust in the organizational context, there is some agreement evolving that trust should be measured with respect to various foci. The Workplace Trust Survey (WTS) by Ferres (2002) provides reliable assessment of coworker, supervisor, and organizational trust. By means of a functionally equivalent translation, we developed a German version of the questionnaire (G-WTS) comprising 21 items. A total of 427 employees were surveyed with the G-WTS and questionnaires concerning several work-related attitudes and behaviors and 92 of these completed the survey twice. The hypothesized three-dimensional conceptualization of organizational trust was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. The G-WTS showed good internal consistency and retest reliability values. Concerning convergent validity, all of the three G-WTS dimensions positively predicted job satisfaction. In terms of discriminant validity, Coworker Trust enhanced group cohesion; Supervisor Trust fostered innovative behavior, while Organizational Trust was associated with affective commitment. Theoretical and practical contributions as well as opportunities for future research with the G-WTS are discussed.

Development of the Fear of Intimacy Components Questionnaire (FICQ)

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Pedro Sobral ◽  
Maria Emília Costa
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fear Of Intimacy ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Abstract. We developed a new instrument designed to measure fear of intimacy in romantic relationships. We suggest assessing fear of intimacy through two dimensions: self-revelation and dependence. The Fear of Intimacy Components Questionnaire (FICQ) was validated across three studies in which a 10-item solution systematically emerged. Consistently with a two component perspective, a two-factor solution fitted data the best: fear of losing the self (FLS) and fear of losing the other (FLO). Qualitative analyses verified content validity. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses tested the factor structure. Multigroup analyses supported the structural invariance across gender, age, and relationship status. Both factors showed adequate discriminant validity and internal consistency, and good 3-week period test-retest reliability. Associations between the FICQ and insecure attachment orientations demonstrated convergent validity. The association between the FICQ and relationship satisfaction above and beyond a preexisting measure offered criterion validity. By going beyond traditional self-revelation-focused conception of fear of intimacy, that is, by proposing a bi-dimensional structure to fear of intimacy, we believe that this new measure will contribute to future research on fear of intimacy.

PENGEMBANGAN SKALA LOCUS OF CONTROL

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-424
Author(s):  
Hendryadi Hendryadi
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Employee Selection ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
Two Stages

This article aims to develop a short form of the locus of control scale. The study was conducted in two stages: a study of 66 respondents as pilot testing which aims to test content validity, structure validity, and internal consistency. Study 2 was conducted on 328 respondents used to test the validity and reliability of the scale evaluated by the PLS-SEM method (such as internal consistency, convergent validity, and discriminant validity). The analysis concludes that the 8-item locus of control scales tested have adequate validity and reliability. A short form locus of control scale was developed and validated in this study, so it can be used in future research and evaluation for HR management practitioners in employee selection Keywords: locus of control, EFA, CFA, scale construction

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