scholarly journals SENSORY LOSS AND THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S43-S43
Author(s):  
Nicholas Reed ◽  
Charlotte Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Vision Impairment ◽  
Sensory Loss ◽  
Sensory Impairment ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Care System

Abstract Communication is fundamental to patient-centered care. However, sensory impairment may limit communication among older adults. Specifically, hearing impairment strains communication via degraded auditory encoding while vision impairment distresses ability to read and interpret visual cues. The presence of dual sensory impairment, defined as concurrent hearing and vision impairment, may exacerbate these effects. The potential consequences of age-related sensory loss on health care interactions and outcomes are beginning to surface in epidemiologic studies demonstrating poorer patient-provider communication, higher incurred health care costs, increased risk of 30-day readmission, and longer length of stay when compared to individuals without sensory loss. Importantly, these associations may be amenable to intervention via sensory aids; however, uptake to sensory care is low. Notably, less than 20% of persons with hearing impairment have hearing aids and over 55% of Medicare Beneficiaries with reported vision problems have not had an eye examination in the prior year. Affordability and access may contribute to lack of sensory care uptake as Medicare explicitly excludes coverage of vision and hearing services. In this symposium, we will review current and new evidence for whether sensory loss affects health care outcomes, including satisfaction with care and medical costs, and present data on how persons with sensory loss interact with the health care system based on the need and reasons for accompaniment to care visits. Further, we will discuss and provide evidence for how sensory care may mitigate these associations. Lastly, we will place these results within the context of quality care and policy initiatives.

scholarly journals Sensory Loss and the Healthcare System: Outcomes and Navigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 797-797
Author(s):  
Nicholas Reed ◽  
Charlotte Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Vision Impairment ◽  
Sensory Loss ◽  
Sensory Impairment ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
National Quality

Abstract Communication is fundamental to patient-centered care. However, sensory impairment limits communication among older adults. Specifically, hearing impairment strains communication via degraded auditory encoding while vision impairment distresses ability to read and interpret visual cues. The presence of dual sensory impairment, defined as concurrent hearing and vision impairment, may exacerbate these effects. The potential consequence s of age-related sensory loss on health care interactions and outcomes are beginning to surface in epidemiologic studies demonstrating poorer patient-provider communication, higher medical expenditures, increased risk of 30-day readmission, and longer length of stay when compared to individuals without sensory loss. Importantly, these associations may be amenable to intervention via sensory aids; however, uptake to sensory care is low. Notably, less than 20% of persons with hearing impairment have hearing aids and over 55% of Medicare Beneficiaries with reported vision problems have not had an eye examination in the prior year. Affordability and access may contribute to lack of sensory care uptake as Medicare explicitly excludes coverage of vision and hearing services. In this symposium, we will review current and new evidence for whether sensory loss affects health care outcomes, including satisfaction with care, incident delirium during hospitalization, navigation of Medicare, and present data on how persons with sensory loss are more likely to delay their care independent of cost and insurance factors suggesting fundamental changes in health care system interaction. We will place these results within the context of current national quality care and policy initiatives and review methods to address sensory loss.

Mental Health and Well-Being Among Individuals With a Sensory Loss During COVID-19 Lockdown Measures

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 409-409
Author(s):  
Natascha Merten ◽  
Amy Schultz ◽  
Matthew Walsh ◽  
Suzanne van Landingham ◽  
Paul Peppard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Vision Impairment ◽  
Sensory Loss ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sensory Impairment ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Health And Well Being

Abstract Hearing and vision impairment are highly prevalent chronic conditions and are associated with poorer mental health and well-being. Mental health problems may be exacerbated by COVID-19-related lockdown measures and limitations of in-person contacts may affect those with sensory impairments more severely. We aimed to determine whether hearing and/or visual impairment were associated with worse mental health and psychological well-being during lockdown measures in Spring/Summer 2020 in Wisconsin. We included 1341 (64% women, aged 20-92 years) Survey of the Health of Wisconsin participants of a COVID-19 survey (May-June, 2020). We assessed self-reported current mental health and psychological well-being and vision and hearing impairment. Logistic regression models with vision and hearing impairments as determinants and multiple mental health and well-being outcomes were used and adjusted for age, gender, race, education, heart disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes. In preliminary analyses, we found associations of vision impairment with increased odds of generalized anxiety disorder (odds ratio=2.10; 95% confidence interval=1.32-3.29) and depression (2.57; 1.58-4.11). Individuals with a vision impairment were more likely to be taking medication for depression (1.75; 1.13-2.68), report being lonely (1.65; 1.00-2.64) and report hopelessness (1.45; 1.01-2.08). Individuals with a hearing impairment were more likely to be taking depression medications (1.72; 1.07-2.73) and to report being lonely (1.80; 1.05-2.98). Sensory impairment was not associated with stress levels or sense of purpose in life. Individuals with sensory impairment may represent a particularly vulnerable population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Future research should determine underlying reasons and interventions to mitigate this populations’ disadvantages.

scholarly journals COVID-19 pandemics modeling with SEIR(+CAQH), social distancing, and age stratification. The effect of vertical confinement and release in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wladimir Lyra ◽  
José-Dias do Nascimento ◽  
Jaber Belkhiria ◽  
Leandro de Almeida ◽  
Pedro Paulo M. Chrispim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Nonlinear Differential Equations ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Monte Carlo Algorithm ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Exit Strategy ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Care System

AbstractThe ongoing COVID-19 epidemics poses a particular challenge to low and middle income countries, making some of them consider the strategy of “vertical confinement”. In this strategy, contact is reduced only to specific groups (like age groups) that are at increased risk of severe disease following SARS-CoV-2 infection. We aim to assess the feasibility of this scenario as an exit strategy for the current lockdown in terms of its ability to keep the number of cases under the health care system capacity. We developed a modified SEIR model, including confinement, asymptomatic transmission, quarantine and hospitalization. The population is subdivided into 9 age groups, resulting in a system of 72 coupled nonlinear differential equations. The rate of transmission is dynamic and derived from the observed delayed fatality rate; the parameters of the epidemics are derived with a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. We used Brazil as an example of middle income country, but the results are easily generalizable to other countries considering a similar strategy. We find that starting from 60% horizontal confinement, an exit strategy on May 1st of confinement of individuals older than 60 years old and full release of the younger population results in 400 000 hospitalizations, 50 000 ICU cases, and 120 000 deaths in the 50-60 years old age group alone. The health care system avoids collapse if the 50-60 years old are also confined, but our model assumes an idealized lockdown where the confined are perfectly insulated from contamination, so our numbers are a conservative lower bound. Our results discourage confinement by age as an exit strategy.

scholarly journals Common mental illness in people with sensory impairment: results from the 2014 adult psychiatric morbidity survey

BJPsych Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Shoham ◽  
Gemma Lewis ◽  
Sally McManus ◽  
Claudia Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Social Functioning ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Vision Impairment ◽  
Psychological Morbidity ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Sensory Impairment ◽  
Increased Risk

Background People with sensory impairments may be at increased risk of depression and anxiety but experience barriers to accessing treatment. Aims To investigate whether people with sensory impairment have more depressive and anxiety symptoms than people without, whether this is mediated by social functioning and whether they report greater non-treatment. Method We analysed data from the English 2014 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey using regression models, with the Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised (CIS-R) score as the primary outcome and self-reported hearing and vision impairment as exposures. A secondary outcome was self-reported receipt of mental health diagnosis and treatment. We used structural equation modelling to assess for mediation by social functioning. Results A total of 19.0% of people with hearing impairment, and 30.9% and 24.5% with distance and near visual impairments, respectively, had clinically significant psychological morbidity. Adjusted mean CIS-R score was 1.86 points higher in people with hearing impairment compared with those without (95% CI 1.30–2.42, P<0.001). People with distance and near vision impairment had mean CIS-R scores 3.61 (95% CI 2.58–4.63, P<0.001) and 2.74 (95% CI 2.12–3.37, P<0.001) points higher, respectively, than those without. Social functioning accounted for approximately 50% of these relationships between sensory impairment and psychological morbidity. We found no evidence of an increased treatment gap for people with sensory impairment. Conclusions Social functioning, a potentially modifiable target, may mediate an association between sensory impairment and depressive and anxiety symptoms.

scholarly journals Older People's Reasoning About Age-Related Prioritization in Health Care

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabet Werntoft ◽  
Ingalill R Hallberg ◽  
Anna-Karin Edberg
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Continuous Care ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
Care System

The aim of this study was to describe the reasoning of people aged 60 years and over about prioritization in health care with regard to age and willingness to pay. Healthy people (n = 300) and people receiving continuous care and services (n = 146) who were between 60 and 101 years old were interviewed about their views on prioritization in health care. The transcribed interviews were analysed using manifest and latent qualitative content analysis. The participants' reasoning on prioritization embraced eight categories: feeling secure and confident in the health care system; being old means low priority; prioritization causes worries; using underhand means in order to be prioritized; prioritization as a necessity; being averse to anyone having precedence over others; having doubts about the distribution of resources; and buying treatment requires wealth.

scholarly journals Understanding the Sensory Loss–Cognitive Function Relationship in Older Adults: Biomarker or Causal Risk Factor?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 804-804
Author(s):  
Jennifer Deal ◽  
Heather Whitson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Microvascular Disease ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Vision Impairment ◽  
Sensory Loss ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Sensory Impairment ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Function Relationship

Abstract Sensory impairment in older adults is common, over 55% of Americans 60 years and older have either hearing or vision impairment, and it is linked to accelerated cognitive decline and increased risk of incident dementia in population-based observational studies. However, whether sensory impairment is a marker or a cause of cognitive decline and dementia is unknown. Both sensory impairment and cognitive decline/dementia may be caused by a common underlying pathology (e.g., microvascular disease), or sensory impairment may be a marker of dementia-related pathological changes in the brain. Alternatively, causal mechanisms include increased cognitive load, changes brain structure/function, depression, social isolation and/or reduced activity. This session will investigate the role of sensory impairment in cognitive decline and dementia in older adults and discuss the ramifications of these different possibilities for risk prediction and stratification, and potentially, for disease prevention. The co-occurrence of multiple sensory deficits will be described, and the potential utility of the use of retinal signs as predictive markers for cognitive decline/dementia will be discussed. We will also describe current evidence for both non-causal and causal relationships between sensory impairment and cognition with a focus on hearing impairment. Finally, we will describe the relationship of dual sensory (both hearing and vision) impairment on cognitive performance and dementia in a biracial population-based study.

Low Health Literacy Is Associated With Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes in a Nonclinical Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-441
Author(s):  
Lydia O’Meara ◽  
Susan L. Williams ◽  
Kate Ames ◽  
Celeste Lawson ◽  
Sonia Saluja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Care System

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine associations among risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), health literacy levels, and sociodemographic characteristics in a nonclinical adult population to assist in the development of effective T2D prevention programs.MethodsThe Health Literacy Questionnaire and Australian Type 2 Diabetes Risk Assessment Tool were included in an online survey. Participants were a random sample of adults residing in each Australian state and territory. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression.ResultsA total of 1279 Australian adults participated (52% female; mean ± SD age, 61 ± 12 years). Most were at medium (42.4%) or high (46.9%) risk of developing T2D. The lowest health literacy scores were found for the domains “critical appraisal of health information” and “navigating the health care system.” After controlling for covariates, participants at the highest risk of developing T2D were significantly more likely to be unemployed, have ≥1 chronic conditions, or have a mental health condition. Furthermore, they were significantly more likely to develop T2D if they scored low in 1 of the following health literacy domains: critical appraisal of health information, navigating the health care system, actively managing health, social support, and health care provider support.ConclusionsHealth literacy was associated with increased risk for developing T2D and should therefore be part of diabetes prevention initiatives. Specifically, new health promotion initiatives need to help people develop skills required to critically appraise health information and navigate the health care system. Health practitioners and educators should ensure that health information developed for consumers is uncomplicated and easily understood.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Complications

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 1254-1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjali D Deshpande ◽  
Marcie Harris-Hayes ◽  
Mario Schootman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
The United States ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Onset Of Diabetes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Care System

In 2005, it was estimated that more than 20 million people in the United States had diabetes. Approximately 30% of these people had undiagnosed cases. Increased risk for diabetes is primarily associated with age, ethnicity, family history of diabetes, smoking, obesity, and physical inactivity. Diabetes-related complications—including cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, neuropathy, blindness, and lower-extremity amputation—are a significant cause of increased morbidity and mortality among people with diabetes, and result in a heavy economic burden on the US health care system. With advances in treatment for diabetes and its associated complications, people with diabetes are living longer with their condition. This longer life span will contribute to further increases in the morbidity associated with diabetes, primarily in elderly people and in minority racial or ethnic groups. In 2050, the number of people in the United States with diagnosed diabetes is estimated to grow to 48.3 million. Results from randomized controlled trials provide evidence that intensive lifestyle interventions can prevent or delay the onset of diabetes in high-risk individuals. In addition, adequate and sustained control of blood sugar levels, blood pressure, and blood lipid levels can prevent or delay the onset of diabetes-related complications in people with diabetes. Effective interventions, at both the individual and population levels, are desperately needed to slow the diabetes epidemic and reduce diabetes-related complications in the United States. This report describes the current diabetes epidemic and the health and economic impact of diabetes complications on individuals and on the health care system. The report also provides suggestions by which the epidemic can be curbed.

scholarly journals Towards for Designing Intelligent Health Care System Based on Machine Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-128
Author(s):  
Nada Noori ◽  
Ali Yassin
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Care System

Health Information Technology (HIT) provides many opportunities for transforming and improving health care systems. HIT enhances the quality of health care delivery, reduces medical errors, increases patient safety, facilitates care coordination, monitors the updated data over time, improves clinical outcomes, and strengthens the interaction between patients and health care providers. Living in modern large cities has a significant negative impact on people’s health, for instance, the increased risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes. According to the rising morbidity in the last decade, the number of patients with diabetes worldwide will exceed 642 million in 2040, meaning that one in every ten adults will be affected. All the previous research on diabetes mellitus indicates that early diagnoses can reduce death rates and overcome many problems. In this regard, machine learning (ML) techniques show promising results in using medical data to predict diabetes at an early stage to save people’s lives. In this paper, we propose an intelligent health care system based on ML methods as a real-time monitoring system to detect diabetes mellitus and examine other health issues such as food and drug allergies of patients. The proposed system uses five machine learning methods: K-Nearest Neighbors, Naïve Bayes, Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The system selects the best classification method with high accuracy to optimize the diagnosis of patients with diabetes. The experimental results show that in the proposed system, the SVM classifier has the highest accuracy of 83%.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document