HEALTHY AGEING FOR ALL? SOCIOECONOMIC CHANGES OVER TIME IN DISABILITY-FREE AND INDEPENDENT LIFE EXPECTANCIES

Abstract Background: Previous research using cross-sectional data shows widening inequalities in disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) by socioeconomic status (SES) in the UK. We aimed to understand the underlying transitions of DFLE and years dependency free (DepFLE) using longitudinal data from the Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies (CFAS I and CFAS II). Methods: Two large population based studies of those aged 65+ in three centres (Newcastle, Nottingham, Cambridgeshire) interviewed at baseline in 1991 (CFAS I) and 2011 (CFAS II) with follow up two years later. Disability was measured using difficulty in activities of daily living (ADL), and dependency by time between help required for ADLs. SES was based on area deprivation categorised into study specific tertiles. Transitions between disability or dependency states and death were modelled using Interpolated Markov Chain software. Results: Between 1991 and 2011, DFLE and disabled life expectancy (DLE) at age 65 increased for men in every SES group, with men being less likely to become disabled or die, and more likely to recover, in 2011 than 1991 across SES groups. For the most disadvantaged women, DFLE was similar, and DLE increased, whilst for the remaining women DFLE increased and DLE was similar. For women probability of recovery increased and probability of death from disability decreased but probability of becoming disabled decreased only for the most advantaged. DepFLE patterns across time were similar but more pronounced. Conclusion: Preventive measures should focus on reducing the disability and dependency onset in the most disadvantaged to ensure inequalities do not widen further.

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Patterns of Survival Among Patients With Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Diagnosed in Sweden From 1973 to 2008: A Population-Based Study

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2012.42.1925 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 30 (24) ◽

pp. 2995-3001 ◽

Cited By ~ 112

Author(s):

Malin Hultcrantz ◽

Sigurdur Yngvi Kristinsson ◽

Therese M.-L. Andersson ◽

Ola Landgren ◽

Sandra Eloranta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

Excess Mortality ◽

Myeloproliferative Neoplasms ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Large Population ◽

Relative Survival ◽

Population Based ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Over Time

PurposeReported survival in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) shows great variation. Patients with primary myelofibrosis (PMF) have substantially reduced life expectancy, whereas patients with polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) have moderately reduced survival in most, but not all, studies. We conducted a large population-based study to establish patterns of survival in more than 9,000 patients with MPNs.Patients and MethodsWe identified 9,384 patients with MPNs (from the Swedish Cancer Register) diagnosed from 1973 to 2008 (divided into four calendar periods) with follow-up to 2009. Relative survival ratios (RSRs) and excess mortality rate ratios were computed as measures of survival.ResultsPatient survival was considerably lower in all MPN subtypes compared with expected survival in the general population, reflected in 10-year RSRs of 0.64 (95% CI, 0.62 to 0.67) in patients with PV, 0.68 (95% CI, 0.64 to 0.71) in those with ET, and 0.21 (95% CI, 0.18 to 0.25) in those with PMF. Excess mortality was observed in patients with any MPN subtype during all four calendar periods (P < .001). Survival improved significantly over time (P < .001); however, the improvement was less pronounced after the year 2000 and was confined to patients with PV and ET.ConclusionWe found patients with any MPN subtype to have significantly reduced life expectancy compared with the general population. The improvement over time is most likely explained by better overall clinical management of patients with MPN. The decreased life expectancy even in the most recent calendar period emphasizes the need for new treatment options for these patients.

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Socio-Economic Status and Prevalence of Self-Reported Osteoporosis in Tehran: Results from a Large Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study (Urban HEART-2)

Journal of Urban Health ◽

10.1007/s11524-018-0246-6 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 95 (5) ◽

pp. 682-690 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. Asadi-Lari ◽

Y. Salimi ◽

M. R. Vaez-Mahdavi ◽

S. Faghihzadeh ◽

A. A. Haeri Mehrizi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Economic Status ◽

Large Population ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Socio Economic Status

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Multimorbidity as an important issue among women: results of a gender difference investigation in a large population-based cross-sectional study in West Asia

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013548 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. e013548 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Masoomeh Alimohammadian ◽

Azam Majidi ◽

Mehdi Yaseri ◽

Batoul Ahmadi ◽

Farhad Islami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gender Difference ◽

Large Population ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

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Fish Intake and MRI Burden of Cerebrovascular Disease in Older Adults

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.0000000000012916 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012916

Author(s):

Aline Thomas ◽

Fabrice Crivello ◽

Bernard Mazoyer ◽

Stephanie Debette ◽

Christophe Tzourio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Cerebrovascular Disease ◽

Brain Mri ◽

Large Population ◽

Population Based ◽

Fish Intake ◽

Mixed Data ◽

Perivascular Spaces ◽

Intracranial Volume ◽

Cross Sectional

Background and Objective:Fish intake may prevent cerebrovascular disease (CVD), yet the mechanisms are unclear, especially regarding its impact on subclinical damage. Assuming that fish may have pleiotropic effect on cerebrovascular health, we investigated the association of fish intake with global CVD burden based on brain MRI markers.Methods:This cross-sectional analysis included participants from the Three-City Dijon population-based cohort (aged ≥65 years) without dementia, stroke, or history of hospitalized cardiovascular disease, who underwent brain MRI with automated assessment of white matter hyperintensities, visual detection of covert infarcts, and grading of dilated perivascular spaces. Fish intake was assessed through a frequency questionnaire and the primary outcome measure was defined as the first component of a factor analysis of mixed data applied to MRI markers. The association of fish intake with the CVD burden indicator was studied using linear regressions.Results:In total, 1,623 participants (mean age, 72.3 years; 63% women) were included. The first component of factor analysis (32.4% of explained variance) was associated with higher levels of all three MRI markers. Higher fish intake was associated with lower CVD burden. In a model adjusted for total intracranial volume, compared to participants consuming fish <1 per week, those consuming fish 2-3 and ≥4 times per week had a β = -0.19 (95% CI, -0.37; -0.01) and β = -0.30 (-0.57; -0.03) lower indicator of CVD burden, respectively (P trend <0.001). We found evidence of effect modification by age, so that the association of fish to CVD was stronger in younger participants (65-69 years) and not significant in participants aged ≥75 years. For comparison, in the younger age group, consuming fish 2-3 times a week was roughly equivalent (in opposite direction) to the effect of hypertension.Discussion:In this large population-based study, higher frequency of fish intake was associated with lower CVD burden, especially among participants younger than 75 years, suggesting a beneficial effect on brain vascular health before manifestation of overt brain disease.Classification of Evidence:This study provides Class II evidence that in individuals without stroke or dementia, higher fish intake is associated with lower subclinical CVD at MRI.

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Health-related quality of life is not impaired in children with undetected as well as diagnosed celiac disease: a large population based cross-sectional study

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/1471-2458-14-425 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Anna Myléus ◽

Solveig Petersen ◽

Annelie Carlsson ◽

Solveig Hammarroth ◽

Lotta Högberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Large Population ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Related Quality ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Related Quality ◽

Health Related

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Daytime napping is associated with retinal microcirculation: a large population-based study in China

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab277 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xin Liu ◽

Guowei Wang ◽

Xiaoyan Wang ◽

Yueye Wang ◽

Yan Min ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Confidence Interval ◽

Large Population ◽

Vascular Diseases ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cubic Spline ◽

Fundus Photography ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Retinal Microcirculation ◽

Cubic Spline Curve

Abstract Study Objectives To investigate the association between daytime napping and retinal microcirculation. Methods This is a cross-sectional study from a prospective population-based cohort. 2,662 participants were recruited after quota sampling. Information on napping was collected through face-to-face interviews. Retinal vascular calibers (RVCs), including central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE), central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE), and arterio-to-venous ratio (AVR), were obtained from fundus photography. Multivariate regression and restricted cubic spline curve were performed to determine the association between RVCs and daytime napping duration. Results 56.4% participants reported daytime napping regularly. Compared to no nap, daytime nap was related to higher CRAE, with nap duration of 0.5–1 h showing the most significant association. 0.5–1 h daytime nappers displayed an average of 4.18 µm (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.45–5.91, p < 0.001) wider CRAE than non-nappers after adjustment. No significant association was found between CRVE and daytime napping. Moreover, individuals with 0.5–1 h daytime napping had a lower risk for AVR reduction (odds ratio [OR] 0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56–0.86, p = 0.001) than non-nappers. Similar association persisted in non-hypertensive population. Restricted cubic spline indicated a J-shaped relationship between AVR reduction and nap duration. Conclusion Retinal microcirculation was positively associated with self-reported 0.5–1 h daytime napping. Better indicators of retinal microcirculation were probably related to nap duration in a J-shaped manner. Also, the possibly beneficial role of 0.5–1 h daytime napping on retinal microcirculation might be independent of clinically diagnosed vascular diseases.

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Inhibitory control of positive and negative information and adolescent depressive symptoms: a population-based cohort study

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291720002469 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Gemma Lewis ◽

Katherine S. Button ◽

Rebecca M. Pearson ◽

Marcus R. Munafò ◽

Glyn Lewis

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Inhibitory Control ◽

Adolescent Depression ◽

Large Population ◽

Population Based ◽

Negative Information ◽

Convincing Evidence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adolescent Depressive Symptoms

Abstract Background Large population-based cohort studies of neuropsychological factors that characterise or precede depressive symptoms are rare. Most studies use small case-control or cross-sectional designs, which may cause selection bias and cannot test temporality. In a large UK population-based cohort, we investigated cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between inhibitory control of positive and negative information and adolescent depressive symptoms. Methods Cohort study of 2328 UK adolescents who completed an affective go/no-go task at age 18. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Clinical Interview Schedule Revised (CIS-R) and short Mood and Feeling Questionnaire (sMFQ) at age 18, and with the sMFQ 1 year later (age 19). Analyses were multilevel and traditional linear regressions, before and after adjusting for confounders. Results Cross-sectionally, we found little evidence that adolescents with more depressive symptoms made more inhibitory control errors [after adjustments, errors increased by 0.04% per 1 s.d. increase in sMFQ score (95% confidence interval 0.02–0.06)], but this association was not observed for the CIS-R. There was no evidence for an influence of valence. Longitudinally, there was no evidence that reduced inhibitory control was associated with future depressive symptoms. Conclusions Inhibitory control of positive and negative information does not appear to be a marker of current or future depressive symptoms in adolescents and would not be a useful target in interventions to prevent adolescent depression. Our lack of convincing evidence for associations with depressive symptoms suggests that the affective go/no-go task is not a promising candidate for future neuroimaging studies of adolescent depression.

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Health at the ballot box: disease threat does not predict attractiveness preference in British politicians

Royal Society Open Science ◽

10.1098/rsos.160049 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 160049

Author(s):

Gustav Nilsonne ◽

Adam Renberg ◽

Sandra Tamm ◽

Mats Lekander

Keyword(s):

Infant Mortality ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

Good Health ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Self Rated Health ◽

Members Of Parliament ◽

The Usa ◽

Adaptive Behaviours ◽

The Uk

According to disease avoidance theory, selective pressures have shaped adaptive behaviours to avoid people who might transmit infections. Such behavioural immune defence strategies may have social and societal consequences. Attractiveness is perceived as a heuristic cue of good health, and the relative importance of attractiveness is predicted to increase during high disease threat. Here, we investigated whether politicians' attractiveness is more important for electoral success when disease threat is high, in an effort to replicate earlier findings from the USA. We performed a cross-sectional study of 484 members of the House of Commons from England and Wales. Publicly available sexiness ratings (median 5883 ratings/politician) were regressed on measures of disease burden, operationalized as infant mortality, life expectancy and self-rated health. Infant mortality in parliamentary constituencies did not significantly predict sexiness of elected members of parliament ( p = 0.08), nor did life expectancy ( p = 0.06), nor self-rated health ( p = 0.55). Subsample analyses failed to provide further support for the hypothesis. In conclusion, an attractive leader effect was not amplified by disease threat in the UK and these results did not replicate those of earlier studies from the USA concerning the relationship between attractiveness, disease threat and voting preference.

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