scholarly journals PSYCHOLOGICAL MECHANISMS THAT UNDERLIE GOAL EXPECTANCY AMONG RETIREES

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S128-S128
Author(s):  
Cindy Tsotsoros ◽  
Anna Mooney ◽  
Joanne Earl ◽  
Douglas Hershey
Keyword(s):  
Goal Attainment ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Intervention Specialists ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
Goal Striving ◽  
Setting Process ◽  
Goal Importance ◽  
Analysis Models

Abstract The way individuals envision, formulate, and strive to meet retirement goals is poorly understood. In particular, few studies have focused on the goal setting process of individuals who have already retired. In this investigation, the authors replicate and extend Hershey and Jacobs-Lawson’s (2009) model of retirement goal expectancy across five retirement resource domains. Their (path) model posits individuals’ perceptions of the consequence of failing to achieve a goal determines the perceived importance of the goal. Perceived goal importance, in turn, determines the effort individuals allocate toward achieving the goal (goal striving). And goal striving, in turn, predicts the perceived likelihood the goal will be achieved (goal expectancy). This basic model was empirically tested across five key retirement resource domains (health, physical, social, cognitive and emotional) identified by Wang and Shi (2013). The sample of 698 American retirees (Mage=77.14 years, SD=6.00) was divided into four subgroups: males and females, aged 66-77 and 78-94. Twenty theoretically-driven path analysis models were tested using AMOS (i.e., four subgroup models across five retirement domains). Differences were observed across subgroups and domains in terms of the magnitude of path coefficients and the amount of accounted variance in goal expectancy criterion measures (R2 values ranged from .26-.67). Overall, the path model was effective at capturing variability in retirement goal expectancy. Findings not only provide a synthesis of the 2009 goal model with Wang and Shi’s Dynamic Resource Theory, but they also suggest areas in which retirement intervention specialists can intercede to increase the likelihood of goal attainment.

Social Cognitive Theory and Motivation

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale H. Schunk ◽  
Ellen L. Usher
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognitive Theory ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Goal Attainment ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Outcome Expectations ◽  
Social Comparisons ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Social Environmental

Social cognitive theory is a theory of human behavior that emphasizes learning from the social environment. This chapter focuses on Bandura’s social cognitive theory, which postulates reciprocal interactions among personal, behavioral, and social/environmental factors. Persons use various vicarious, symbolic, and self-regulatory processes as they strive to develop a sense of agency in their lives. Key motivational processes are goals and self-evaluations of progress, outcome expectations, values, social comparisons, and self-efficacy. People set goals and evaluate their goal progress. The perception of progress sustains self-efficacy and motivation. Individuals act in accordance with their values and strive for outcomes they desire. Social comparisons with others provide further information on their learning and goal attainment. Self-efficacy is a critical influence on motivation and affects task choices, effort, persistence, and achievement. Recommendations are made for future research.

A psychological pathway from insomnia to depression among older adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1375-1383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Sadler ◽  
Suzanne McLaren ◽  
Megan Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Dysfunctional Beliefs ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dysfunctional Beliefs About Sleep

ABSTRACTBackground: Higher levels of insomnia predict greater depression severity among older adults; however, the psychological mechanisms underlying this relationship are unclear. This study tested a path model that explored whether dysfunctional beliefs about sleep and hopelessness mediated the relationship from insomnia to depression. It was hypothesized that insomnia would predict depression, both directly and indirectly, via dysfunctional beliefs about sleep and hopelessness.Methods: A community sample of 218 independent-living Australian older adults aged from 65 to 96 years completed a self-report questionnaire package. From the initial 218 participants, 171 completed a measure of depression three months later.Results: Path analysis demonstrated that maladaptive sleep beliefs and hopelessness partly explained how insomnia influenced depression, irrespective of the presence of obstructive sleep apnea and/or restless legs syndrome.Conclusions: An older adult's beliefs about sleep and sense of hopelessness were important psychological factors that helped explain how insomnia related to depression.

Social Cognitive Theory and Motivation

2012 ◽  
pp. 12-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale H. Schunk ◽  
Ellen L. Usher
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognitive Theory ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Goal Attainment ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Outcome Expectations ◽  
Social Comparisons ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Regulatory Processes

Social cognitive theory is a theory of psychological functioning that emphasizes learning from the social environment. This chapter focuses on Bandura's social cognitive theory, which postulates reciprocal interactions among personal, behavioral, and social/environmental factors. Persons use various vicarious, symbolic, and self-regulatory processes as they strive to develop a sense of agency in their lives. Key motivational processes are goals and self-evaluations of progress, outcome expectations, values, social comparisons, and self-efficacy. People set goals and evaluate their goal progress. The perception of progress sustains self-efficacy and motivation. Individuals act in accordance with their values and strive for outcomes they desire. Social comparisons with others provide further information on their learning and goal attainment. Self-efficacy is an especially critical influence on motivation and affects task choices, effort, persistence, and achievement. Suggestions are given for future research directions.

Job Loss and Job Search: A Social-Cognitive and Self-Regulation Perspective

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Kanfer ◽  
Gina M. Bufton
Keyword(s):  
Job Search ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Involuntary Job Loss ◽  
Measurement Issues ◽  
Goal Striving ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Made In

This chapter reviews social-cognitive and self-regulatory perspectives on involuntary job loss and subsequent job search. We begin by organizing different social-cognitive and self-regulatory perspectives along the temporal continuum of job loss and job search, and discuss the experience of job loss and its impact on the individual during subsequent job search. Using a motivational/self-regulatory frame, we then review findings related to goal generation and goal striving and outline important considerations for research design, including temporal, social, and measurement issues. Finally, we highlight the successes that have been made in the field thus far, and provide suggestions for promising future research avenues.

Education-related goal appraisals and self-esteem during the transition to secondary education: A longitudinal study

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 481-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kati Vasalampi ◽  
Katariina Salmela-Aro ◽  
Jari-Erik Nurmi
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Goal Attainment ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Comprehensive School ◽  
The Self ◽  
Goal Progress ◽  
Goal Striving ◽  
One Year ◽  
Education Academic ◽  
Transition To Secondary Education

This study investigated whether adolescents’ appraisals of their education-related goals change during the transition from comprehensive school to postcomprehensive secondary education (academic vs. vocational track) and how such appraisals contribute to their self-esteem. Six hundred and seven 16-year-old adolescents were surveyed three times: (1) at the beginning, (2) at the end of the final spring term of comprehensive school, and (3) one year after the transition to postcomprehensive secondary education. They were asked to appraise their education-related goal in terms of intrinsic and extrinsic reasons for goal striving, goal progress, effort, and stress. The results showed that, when adolescents ended up in a mode of education that was congruent with their skills, their intrinsic reasons for goal strivings and goal progress increased. Moreover, progress towards goal attainment contributed to self-esteem, and self-esteem also predicted goal progress. Furthermore, the higher the self-esteem in comprehensive school, the lower the level of extrinsic reasons for goal striving after the transition.

scholarly journals Go Zika Go: A Feasibility Protocol of a Modified Ride-on Car Intervention for Children with Congenital Zika Syndrome in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6875
Author(s):  
Egmar Longo ◽  
Ana Carolina De Campos ◽  
Amanda Spinola Barreto ◽  
Dinara Laiana de Lima Nascimento Coutinho ◽  
Monique Leite Galvão Coelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Goal Attainment ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The Body ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Computer Adaptive Test ◽  
Motor Disability ◽  
Severe Motor ◽  
Congenital Zika Syndrome

Children with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) present severe motor disability and can benefit from early powered mobility. The Go Zika Go project uses modified ride-on toy cars, which may advance the body functions, activities, and participation of children. This paper describes the study protocol aiming to assess the feasibility of a modified ride-on car intervention for children with CZS in Brazil. A mixed-methods design with a multiple 1-week baseline, 3-month intervention, and 1-month follow-up will be implemented. Modified ride-on car training sessions will be conducted three times a week at the participants’ home or in the clinic. The primary outcome will be a narrative description of study feasibility (photovoice method, focus groups, parent feasibility questionnaire and assessment of learning powered mobility). Secondary outcomes will be switch activation, driving sessions journal, social-cognitive interactions, mobility (pediatric evaluation of disability inventory computer adaptive test), goal attainment scaling (GAS), and participation (young children’s participation and environment measure). Go Zika Go is expected to be viable and to improve function, activity, and participation of children with CZS, providing a low-cost, evidence-based rehabilitation option that will be relevant to early child development in a global perspective.

THE IMPACT OF LIFE COACHING ON GOAL ATTAINMENT, METACOGNITION AND MENTAL HEALTH

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony M. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Goal Attainment ◽  
Life Coaching ◽  
Program Participation ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Health Quality ◽  
The Impact

Despite its high media profile and growing popularity there have been no empirical investigations of the impact of life coaching on goal attainment, metacognition or mental health. This exploratory study used life coaching as a means of exploring key metacognitive factors involved as individuals move towards goal attainment. In a within-subjects design, twenty adults completed a life coaching program. Participation in the program was associated with enhanced mental health, quality of life and goal attainment. In terms of metacognition, levels of self-reflection decreased and levels of insight increased. Life coaching has promise as an effective approach to personal development and goal attainment, and may prove to be a useful platform for a positive psychology and the investigation of the psychological mechanisms involved in purposeful change in normal, nonclinical populations.

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