scholarly journals THE ROLE OF S100B IN AEROBIC TRAINING EFFICACY IN OLDER ADULTS WITH MILD VASCULAR COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S171-S172
Author(s):  
Rachel A Crockett ◽  
Cindy Barha ◽  
Ging-Yuek Robin Hsiung ◽  
Teresa Liu-Ambrose
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Vascular Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Global Cognitive Function

Abstract Aerobic training improves cognitive and brain outcomes across different populations and neurocognitive disorders of aging, including mild subcortical ischemic vascular cognitive impairment (SIVCI). However, little is known of the underlying mechanisms through which aerobic training exerts its beneficial effects on the brain. Recently, S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) has been proposed as a possible mediator of aerobic training. At low levels, S100B is neurotrophic but at higher levels it is neurotoxic. Elevated levels of S100B have been associated with decreased performance on measures of global cognitive function. Thus, we conducted a secondary analysis of data collected from the proof-of-concept single-blind randomized controlled trial (NCT01027858) in older adults with mild SIVCI to determine whether the beneficial effects of 6-months, thrice weekly, moderate intensity aerobic training on cognitive performance is related to changes in S100B levels. In a subsample of 45 participants, blood samples were collected both before and after trial completion. Global cognitive function was assessed using Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). At trial completion, aerobic training decreased circulating levels of S100B compared with usual care plus education (F(1,41) = 6.673, p = 0.013, ηp2 = 0.140; Figure 1). Furthermore, reduced S100B levels were associated with improved global cognitive function in those who received the aerobic exercise intervention (partial r = -0.519, p = 0.023). Together these findings suggest that S100B is a promising target mediating the beneficial effects of moderate-intensity aerobic training on brain health in older adults with mild SIVCI.

scholarly journals AEROBIC TRAINING, THE DEFAULT MODE NETWORK, AND COGNITION IN OLDER ADULTS WITH MILD VASCULAR COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S55-S55
Author(s):  
Rachel A Crockett ◽  
Chun Liang Hsu ◽  
Cindy Barha ◽  
Ging-Yuek Robin Hsiung ◽  
Teresa Liu-Ambrose
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Vascular Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Global Cognitive Function

Abstract Aerobic training has been shown to be effective at improving cognitive and brain outcomes in older adults with mild subcortical ischemic vascular cognitive impairment (SIVCI). However, uncertainty remains regarding the underlying neurobiological mechanisms by which exercise elicits these improvements in cognition. Increased aberrant functional connectivity of the default mode network has been highlighted as a factor contributing to cognitive decline in older adults with cognitive impairment. Greater connectivity of the DMN at rest is associated with poorer performance on attention-demanding tasks, indicative of a lack of ability to deactivate the network on task. Our previous work on a randomized controlled trial of participants with mild SIVCI, demonstrated that 6-months of thrice weekly aerobic training led to improved global cognitive function, as measured by Alzheimer’s disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog), compared with a health education program. Thus, we conducted secondary analyses to investigate whether these changes in global cognitive function were associated with changes in resting state DMN connectivity. A subsample of 21 participants underwent a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan before and after trial completion. Change in resting state DMN connectivity was found to significantly predict change in ADAS-Cog score (β = -.442, p=.038) after controlling for age, intervention group, and baseline functional capacity (R2=.467, F(4,16)= 3.507, p=.031). These findings suggest that functional connectivity of the DMN may underlie changes in global cognitive function. Furthermore, aerobic exercise is a promising intervention by which to elicit these changes in older adults with mild SIVCI.

Aerobic exercise promotes executive functions and impacts functional neural activity among older adults with vascular cognitive impairment

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Liang Hsu ◽  
John R Best ◽  
Jennifer C Davis ◽  
Lindsay S Nagamatsu ◽  
Shirley Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Vascular Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group

BackgroundVascular cognitive impairment (VCI) results from cerebrovascular disease, and worldwide, it is the second most common type of cognitive dysfunction. While targeted aerobic training is a promising approach to delay the progression of VCI by reducing cardiometabolic risk factors, few randomised controlled trials to date have specifically assessed the efficacy of aerobic training on cognitive and brain outcomes in this group at risk for functional decline.AimTo examine the effect of moderate-intensity aerobic training on executive functions and functional neural activity among older adults with mild subcortical ischaemic VCI (SIVCI).MethodsOlder adults with mild SIVCI were randomly assigned to: (1) 6-month, 3×/week aerobic training (n=10) or (2) usual care (control; n=11). Participants completed functional MRI (fMRI) at baseline and trial completion. During the fMRI sessions, behavioural performance on the Eriksen flanker task and task-evoked neural activity were assessed.ResultsAt trial completion, after adjusting for baseline general cognition, total white matter lesion volume and flanker performance, compared with the control group, the aerobic training group significantly improved flanker task reaction time. Moreover, compared with the controls, the aerobic training group demonstrated reduced activation in the left lateral occipital cortex and right superior temporal gyrus. Reduced activity in these brain regions was significantly associated with improved (ie, faster) flanker task performance at trial completion.SummaryAerobic training among older adults with mild SIVCI can improve executive functions and neural efficiency of associated brain areas. Future studies with greater sample size should be completed to replicate and extend these findings.

scholarly journals Effects of physical exercise on cognitively impaired older adults: a meta-analysis of randomized control trials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenka Sontakova ◽  
Alzbeta Bartova ◽  
Klara Dadova ◽  
Iva Holmerova ◽  
Michal Steffl
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Randomized Control Trials ◽  
Global Cognitive Function ◽  
Randomized Control

Abstract Objectives: The main aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the effects of different physical activities on cognitive functions in older adults divided according to cognitive impairment levels. Methods: We searched Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed for randomized control trials (RCT). A standardized mean difference (SMD) of the pre-post intervention score of global cognitive function tests were calculated by the random model in the Cochrane meta-analyses for people with cognitive impairment generally and across three levels - mild, mild to moderate, and moderate to severe cognitive impairment separately. Additionally, an unstandardized coefficient beta (B) was calculated in generalized linear models to estimate the effects of exercise, cognitive impairment severity, age, female ratio, length of intervention, and time of exercise a week on the global cognitive function. Results: Data from 26 studies involving 1,137 participants from intervention groups and 1,187 participants from control groups were analyzed. Physical exercise had a positive effect on cognitive functions in people across all levels of cognitive impairments SMD (95 % confidence interval [CI]) = 1.19 (0.77 - 1.62); however, heterogeneity was considerably high I 2 = 95%. Aerobic (B = 8.881) and resistance exercise (B = 4.464) was significantly associated with better results in global cognitive functions when compared to active control. A higher number of female participants cin intervention groups had a statistically significant effect on the global cognitive function (B = 0.229). onclusions: Physical exercise was associated with cognitive function improvement in older people with cognitive impairments. Aerobic exercise was more strongly associated than resistance exercise to combat cognitive decline. Keywords: Physical activity, Dementia, Aging, Meta-analysis, Aerobic exercise, Cognitive function

scholarly journals Superior Effects of Modified Chen-Style Tai Chi versus 24-Style Tai Chi on Cognitive Function, Fitness, and Balance Performance in Adults over 55

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liye Zou ◽  
Paul D. Loprinzi ◽  
Jane Jie Yu ◽  
Lin Yang ◽  
Chunxiao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Global Cognitive Function ◽  
Age Related

Background: Cognitive decline and balance impairment are prevalent in the aging population. Previous studies investigated the beneficial effects of 24-style Tai Chi (TC-24) on either cognitive function or balance performance of older adults. It still remains largely unknown whether modified Chen-style TC (MTC) that includes 18 complex movements is more beneficial for these age-related health outcomes, as compared to TC-24. Objective: We investigated if MTC would show greater effects than TC-24 on global cognitive function and balance-related outcomes among older adults. Methods: We conducted a randomized trial where 80 eligible adults aged over 55 were allocated into two different styles of Tai Chi (TC) arms (sixty-minute session × three times per week, 12 weeks). Outcome assessments were performed at three time periods (baseline, Week 6, and Week 12) and included the Chinese Version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) for overall cognitive function, One-leg Standing Test (LST) for static balance, Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT) for dynamic balance, chair Stand Test (CST) for leg power, and the six-meter Walk Test (6MWT) for aerobic exercise capacity. Results: Compared to TC-24 arm, MTC arm demonstrated significantly greater improvements in MoCA, LST, TUGT, CST, and 6MWT (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: Both forms of TC were effective in enhancing global cognitive function, balance, and fitness. Furthermore, MTC was more effective than TC-24 in enhancing these health-related parameters in an aging population.

scholarly journals Renal dysfunction is associated with decline of cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults: Korean frailty and aging cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Yoon Kong ◽  
Jin Sug Kim ◽  
Min Hye Kang ◽  
Hyeon Seok Hwang ◽  
Chang Won Won ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Renal Dysfunction ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Word List ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Global Cognitive Function ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Cognitive decline is common in older adults. Similarly, the prevalence of renal dysfunction is also increased in the elderly population. We conducted this study to clarify the relationship between renal dysfunction and decline of cognitive function in community-dwelling elderly population. Methods A cross-sectional analysis was performed using data from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study, a nationwide cohort study. Total 2847 (1333 men, 1514 women) eligible participants were enrolled for this study. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2) was calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. Global cognitive function was assessed with the Mini-mental State Examination-Korean version. Other domains of cognitive function were tested with the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s disease and the Frontal Assessment Battery. Results The mean age of all participants was 76.0 ± 3.9 years and eGFR (all in mL/min/1.73 m2) was 77.5 ± 14.3. And the mean eGFR was 91.7 ± 3.2 in quartile 1, 84.9 ± 1.8 in quartile 2, 76.1 ± 3.7 in quartile 3, and 57.2 ± 10.8 in quartile 4. In baseline characteristics, participants with lower eGFR tend to have lower cognitive function scores than participant with higher eGFR. In linear regression analysis, eGFR was correlated with the word list memory (β = 0.53, P = 0.005), word list recall (β = 0.86, P < 0.001), and word list recognition (β = 0.43, P = 0.030) after adjustment of confounding variables. Moreover, after multivariate adjustment the association with cognitive impairment in quartile 2 was stronger (adjusted OR: 1.535, 95% CI: 1.111–2.120, P = 0.009), and the ORs of cognitive impairment were 1.501 (95% CI: 1.084–2.079, P = 0.014) in quartile 3 and 1.423 (95% CI: 1.022–1.983, P = 0.037) in quartile 4. Conclusion In older adults, the immediate, recent memory, and recognition domains were significantly related to renal function. Also, the mild renal dysfunction was independently associated with impairment of global cognitive function. These results suggest that the early stages of renal dysfunction could be an effective target to prevent worsening of cognitive impairment. Therefore, regular monitoring and early detection of mild renal dysfunction in elderly population might be needed.

scholarly journals Association between tea consumption and cognitive function in cognitively healthy older adults and older adults with mild cognitive impairment

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. e100512
Author(s):  
Hua Xu ◽  
Alexandra J Fiocco ◽  
Xiaohua Liu ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Guanjun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Tea Consumption ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Global Cognitive Function

BackgroundProspective studies suggest that tea consumption may decrease the risk for cognitive impairment in late life. However, little research has examined the association between tea consumption and cognitive performance across multiple domains. In addition, no research has examined the benefit of tea consumption on cognitive performance among older adults with existing impairment.AimsThe current study examined the association between tea consumption and performance on tasks of global cognitive function, episodic memory and executive function in cognitively healthy (CH) older adults and older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).MethodsThe analytical sample included 1849 community-dwelling older adults from the Shanghai Brain Aging Study (65.6% female, mean age of 69.50 (8.02) years). Following ascertainment of cognitive function, 816 were categorised as MCI. In addition to completion of a demographics questionnaire, participants reported their tea consumption and completed a battery of tests to measure global cognitive function, episodic memory and working memory.ResultsIndependent analyses of covariance revealed a significant association between tea consumption and measures of episodic memory; however, these associations were restricted to CH older adults but not older adults with MCI. Tea consumption was not associated with working memory performance.ConclusionsThe current study suggests that the benefit of tea consumption is restricted to cognitively healthy older adults and does not extend to older adults with MCI.

scholarly journals Effects of physical exercise on cognitively impaired older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenka Sontakova ◽  
Alzbeta Bartova ◽  
Klara Dadova ◽  
Iva Holmerova ◽  
Michal Steffl
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Randomized Control Trials ◽  
Global Cognitive Function ◽  
Randomized Control

Abstract Objectives: The main aim of this study was to compare the effects of different physical activities on cognitive functions in older adults divided according to cognitive impairment levels.Methods: We searched Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed for randomized control trials (RCT). A standardized mean difference (SMD) of the pre-post intervention score of global cognitive function tests was calculated by the random model in the Cochrane meta-analyses for people with cognitive impairment generally and across three levels - mild, mild to moderate, and moderate to severe cognitive impairment separately. Additionally, an unstandardized coefficient beta (B) was calculated in generalized linear models to estimate the effects of exercise, cognitive impairment severity, age, female ratio, length of intervention, and time of exercise a week on the global cognitive function.Results: Data from 26 studies involving 1,137 participants from intervention groups and 1,187 participants from control groups were analyzed. Physical exercise had a positive effect on cognitive functions in people across all levels of cognitive impairments SMD (95 % confidence interval [CI]) = 1.19 (0.77 - 1.62); however, heterogeneity was considerably high I2 = 95%. Aerobic (B = 8.881) and resistance exercise (B = 4.464) was significantly associated with better results in global cognitive functions when compared to active control. A higher number of female participants in intervention groups had a statistically significant effect on the global cognitive function (B = 0.229).Conclusions: Physical exercise was associated with cognitive function improvement in older people with cognitive impairments. Aerobic exercise was more strongly associated than resistance exercise to combat cognitive decline.

scholarly journals Health Literacy and Global Cognitive Function Predict E-Mail but Not Internet Use in Heart Failure Patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared P. Schprechman ◽  
Emily C. Gathright ◽  
Carly M. Goldstein ◽  
Kate A. Guerini ◽  
Mary A. Dolansky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Global Cognitive Function ◽  
E Mail

Background. The internet offers a potential for improving patient knowledge, and e-mail may be used in patient communication with providers. However, barriers to internet and e-mail use, such as low health literacy and cognitive impairment, may prevent patients from using technological resources.Purpose. We investigated whether health literacy, heart failure knowledge, and cognitive function were related to internet and e-mail use in older adults with heart failure (HF).Methods. Older adults (N=119) with heart failure (69.84±9.09years) completed measures of health literacy, heart failure knowledge, cognitive functioning, and internet use in a cross-sectional study.Results. Internet and e-mail use were reported in 78.2% and 71.4% of this sample of patients with HF, respectively. Controlling for age and education, logistic regression analyses indicated that higher health literacy predicted e-mail (P<.05) but not internet use. Global cognitive function predicted e-mail (P<.05) but not internet use. Only 45% used the Internet to obtain information on HF and internet use was not associated with greater HF knowledge.Conclusions. The majority of HF patients use the internet and e-mail, but poor health literacy and cognitive impairment may prevent some patients from accessing these resources. Future studies that examine specific internet and email interventions to increase HF knowledge are needed.

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