Criminology

Author(s):  
Steve Case ◽  
Phil Johnson ◽  
David Manlow ◽  
Roger Smith ◽  
Kate Williams

Criminology is a core, introductory textbook on the field of crime and criminology. It starts by looking at what crime is and the theories that try to explain it. It then considers society's response to crime. It shows how to carry out independent research and plan first steps in a career. The critical, applied approach is emphasized through some of the many features that are integrated throughout the book. These include conversations with authentic voices from the field, compelling personal insights, and challenges to the reader to question assumptions, apply knowledge, and critically reflect on their personal viewpoints. Topics covered include crime statistics, the media, victimology, youth crime, sociological positivism, crime control, punishment, and rehabilitation. The last part of the text applies theories of criminology to the real world and introduces the reader to what might be involved in a career in criminology research.

1998 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-52
Author(s):  
Robert Winthrop

The art of persuasion is integral to politics and policy. As an experienced political pundit once said, "It is not enough to know what we ought to say; we must also say it as we ought." (The statement is Aristotle's, from his Rhetoric III, 1.) One of the many reasons that we anthropologists are so often absent without leave in policy discussions is that we are not trained to communicate our knowledge clearly and effectively to non-anthropologists. If there is any stylistic rule taught in anthropology graduate programs, it is to write so as to be completely unintelligible to outsiders. (Perhaps this is appropriate, since tenure decisions are made on the same basis.)


2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
SHEILA KATIANE STAUDT

Resumo: O primeiro romance de Moacyr Scliar, A guerra no Bom Fim, publicado em 1972, é tecido pela rememoração de um menino judeu que narra preciosos momentos de sua in-fância no bairro Bom Fim, na mesma época em que eclode a Segunda Guerra Mundial na Europa. O imaginário do protagonista Joel está repleto de acontecimentos relacionados à guerra que permeiam suas lembranças e fazem parte de sua narração, mesclando realidade e fantasia em seu texto. Esse universo bélico mágico criado pelo garoto tem origem, princi-palmente, nas notícias que escutava sobre o que se passava em solo europeu a partir das conversas entre os adultos, dos meios de comunicação do período, bem como das idas ao cinema Baltimore, onde os cartazes dos filmes atraiam os jovens nas matinês de domingo. Fredric Jameson, em seu texto War and Representation, percebe oito variantes nos textos que tematizam a guerra, são elas: a) experiência existencial da guerra; b) experiência coletiva da guerra; c) líderes, oficiais e o exército; d) tecnologia; e) paisagem inimiga; f) atrocidades; g) ataque à pátria e h) ocupação estrangeira. Com isso em mente, tentaremos desvelar as va-riantes bélicas propostas por Jameson no texto de Scliar, a fim de compreender a experiência existencial pela qual passou a personagem que, para se defender das brutalidades do mundo real, passa a criar um cenário fantástico-maravilhoso em que a história e as lendas judaicas ganham vida, enfatizando a via crucis de toda uma geração de imigrantes que chega ao Bra-sil e sofre com o desenraizamento, preconceito e condições precárias de vida. Palavras-chave: Variantes bélicas. Guerra. Representação. Literatura. Abstract: Moacyr Scliar's first novel, A guerra no Bom Fim, published in 1972, is woven by the reminiscence of a Jewish boy who recounts precious moments of his childhood in the Bom Fim neighborhood at the time of II World War in Europe. The imaginary of the pro-tagonist Joel is full of events related to the war itself that permeate his memories and are part of his narration, mixing reality and fantasy in his text. This magical warlike universe created by him has its origins mainly in the news he heard about what was happening on European soil from the conversations between the adults, the media of the period, and the trips to the Baltimore cinema, where the posters of the films attract young people on Sun-day matinees. Fredric Jameson, in his text War and Representation, remarks eight variants or categories in the narratives that have the war as the main theme, they are: a) the existen-tial experience of war; b) the collective experience of war; c) leaders, officers, and the insti-tution of the army; d) technology; e) the enemy landscape; f) atrocities; g) attack on the homeland, and h) foreign occupation. With this in mind, we will try to unveil the warlike variants proposed by Jameson in the text of Scliar, in order to understand the existential ex-perience through which the character passed, whose defense against the brutalities of the real world was to create a fantastic-wonderful scenario in that Jewish history and legends come to life, emphasizing the via crucis of a whole generation of immigrants that arrives in Brazil and suffers from rootlessness, prejudice and precarious conditions of life. Keywords: Warfare variants. War. Representation. Literature.


Author(s):  
Zack Fitzsimmons ◽  
Omer Lev

While manipulative attacks on elections have been well-studied, only recently has attention turned to attacks that account for geographic information, which are extremely common in the real world. The most well known in the media is gerrymandering, in which district border-lines are changed to increase a party's chance to win, but a different geographical manipulation involves influencing the election by selecting the location of polling places, as many people are not willing to go to any distance to vote. In this paper we initiate the study of this manipulation. We find that while it is easy to manipulate the selection of polling places on the line, it becomes difficult already on the plane or in the case of more than two candidates. Moreover, we show that for more than two candidates the problem is inapproximable. However, we find a few restricted cases on the plane where some algorithms perform well. Finally, we discuss how existing results for standard control actions hold in the geographic setting, consider additional control actions in the geographic setting, and suggest directions for future study.


Author(s):  
Chengyan Zeng

Anime (animated films) and manga (comic books), fans are easily misunderstood and can even face prejudice. In fact, they are usually not as people see them. As one of the many anime and manga fans, I would like to show people what the real world of the anime and manga fan is like. As the fan population grows, the market increases, so this chapter will also act as a guide for those who are interested in this market. This chapter aims to introduce readers to the world of anime and manga fandom and to its fans, in particular. It will present and explain specific terms such as weeaboo, otaku, waifu, husbando, fujoshi, and critic. This chapter will also describe the different characters of anime and manga fans and explain how these characters can affect marketing. Finally, this chapter will look at the current market size of anime and manga fandom and explore how the culture is used in marketing.


Author(s):  
Filiz Erdoğan Tuğran ◽  
Aytaç Hakan Tuğran

This chapter describes how technology, progressing rapidly, and especially computer technology has become an indispensable detail in daily life. The act of playing games starting to become virtual has emerged as a progress. In these early years, when the line between place and space has started to become thinner and people began to recognize the lines of flight between the real world and the virtual world, the movie “Tron” made an attempt to explain this possibility of transitivity. 28 years after the first movie, the sequel “Tron Legacy” emphasizes that this possibility still exists. The individual, in this sea of possibilities, comes and goes between place and space and becomes distant to their temporal context, digitalized and goes through deterritorialization. The narrative of the fictional world, the game world in this fictional world, the real world and the game field in the real world will be discussed in terms of transmedia, and some assumptions will be put forward through people and therefore, the deterritorialization of the media.


2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Lange

AbstractThis article discusses the Nuffield inquiry report ‘ Law in the Real World: Improving our Understanding of How Law Works’. It suggests that the report matters not just because of the many policy recommendations it puts forward for the development of empirical legal research. It makes also important reading because it constructs a particular account of socio-legal and in particular empirical legal research in the UK. The article highlights three issues which are central to the picture presented in the report. It suggests that further debate concerning theses issues - especially in a comparative context - can also help to move the socio-legal enterprise forward. These three issues are the relationship between theoretical and empirical research, a tension between openness and closure among the different disciplines involved in socio-legal research, and finally the relationship between institutions and individuals in advancing socio-legal studies.


2021 ◽  
Vol 105 (562) ◽  
pp. 4-15
Author(s):  
John Mahony

According to reports in the media, there is a dearth of practical examples that students of mathematics en route to their qualification can feast upon, at either sixth form level or an undergraduate level. Despite these alleged shortages, it is this author’s opinion that there are numerous examples that can be drawn from the literature and it is the purpose of this article to address the issue by providing examples from the realms of antenna reflector theory and the use therein of conic sections. Some students will be familiar with conic sections and others might not, but the numerous instances of their manifestation in the real world would suggest that they are a force to be reckoned with, and this is certainly true from a mathematical perspective.


1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Graham

In this paper I analyse some emerging socioeconomic applications of information and communications technologies and explore how they support technological systems which increasingly blend surveillance with simulation. In the first part of the paper I explore the technological shifts supporting blended ‘surveillant simulation’ and review how the emerging links between surveillance, simulation, and material geographies have been addressed in recent debates on society, space, and cultural change. In the second part I go on to explore four examples in detail where widespread electronic surveillance systems are providing the captured data and images to produce electronic simulations of the ‘real world’ in near ‘real time’—virtual banking, retailing and ‘reality’, crime control and electronic tagging, road transport telematics, and ‘smart’ utility systems. Attention is focused on how such simulations of the real world are then used to support new spatial practices based on the fine-grained allocation of goods and services, and intimate patterns of attempted social control, in real time, through the time–space fabric of material geographies. I conclude by analysing the implications of surveillant simulation for theories of technology, space, and place, for social polarisation in cities, and for considering opportunities for resisting the spatial practices of dominant organisations.


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