scholarly journals Framework of stock-recovery strategies: analyses of factors affecting success and failure

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 1849-1855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelius Hammer ◽  
Christian von Dorrien ◽  
Christopher C. E. Hopkins ◽  
Fritz W. Köster ◽  
Einar M. Nilssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Building ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Rapid Reduction ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Successful Recovery ◽  
Recovery Strategies ◽  
Stock Recovery

Abstract Hammer, C., von Dorrien, C., Hopkins, C. C. E., Köster, F. W., Nilssen, E. M., St John, M., and Wilson, D. C. 2010. Framework of stock-recovery strategies: analyses of factors affecting success and failure. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1849–1855. The EU FP6 UNCOVER project was aimed at producing a rational scientific basis for developing recovery strategies for some ecologically and socio-economically important fish stocks/fisheries in European seas. The immediate objectives were to identify changes experienced during stock depletion/collapses, to understand prospects for recovery, to enhance the scientific understanding of the mechanisms of recovery, and to formulate recommendations on how best to implement long-term management/recovery plans. We extended an earlier analysis conducted within the project of 13 performance criteria in relation to the recovery of more than 30 fish stocks/fisheries worldwide by multivariate exploratory analysis (canonical correspondence analysis), followed by model building [discriminant analysis (DA)] to quantify the relative importance of key performance criteria, singly or combined. Using the existing database, DA indicated that the four best additive predictors of successful recovery were “rapid reduction in fishing mortality”, “environmental conditions during the recovery period”, “life-history characteristics” of the target stock, and “management performance criteria”. The model classified the status “recovered” and “non-recovered” assigned originally with nearly 100% accuracy.

scholarly journals Rebuilding depleted fish stocks: biology, ecology, social science, and management strategies

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 1825-1829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelius Hammer ◽  
Olav Sigurd Kjesbu ◽  
Gordon H. Kruse ◽  
Peter A. Shelton
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Panel Discussion ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Recovery Strategies ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Subject Material ◽  
Stock Recovery

Abstract Hammer, C., Kjesbu, O. S., Kruse, G. H., and Shelton, P. A. 2010. Rebuilding depleted fish stocks: biology, ecology, social science, and management strategies. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1825–1829. This is an introduction to an ICES/PICES symposium entitled as in the title of this manuscript. During the symposium, five theme sessions embraced the subject material under the headings “Impact of fisheries and environmental impacts on stock structure, reproductive potential, and recruitment dynamics”, “Trophic controls on stock recovery”, “Methods for analysing and modelling stock recovery”, “Social and economic aspects of fisheries management and governance”, and “Management and recovery strategies”. A panel discussion provided a valuable overview of current understanding and research focus.

Pescadores migrantes: análisis de su dinámica e integración Social

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Fernando González Laxe
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Social Competition ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Fishery Resources ◽  
Migration Dynamics ◽  
The Many

The globalization of the economy encourages massive population displacements and inevitably generates a cosmopolitization of societies. This leads to concern, misunderstanding and rejection. The most vulnerable social groups in society can perceive the population as intruders and enemies in social competition. Undoubtedly, the extreme spatial instability of fishery resources is among the many factors affecting migration dynamics. Various reasons for the mobility of fishermen are relevant around this concept. These include aspect related to traditions, to the capitalisation of activity, to technological innovations, and to innovation exchanges concerning the location of fish stocks. This article reflects on spatial increase of fishermen’s. The analyse are part of the paradigm of the sustainable management of common renewable resources, in particular fishery resources. It presents three lines of analysis: the reason for mobility; the choice of destination; and are the integration into host units.

scholarly journals Analysis of The Factors Affecting China's Food Security and The Countermeasures

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Liu ◽  
◽  
Shuai Liu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
National Food Security ◽  
Global Food

Food security is the foundation of a country's social stability and economic development. This paper compares the global food security with China's food situation, summarizes the main problems of China's food security, and explores the factors that affect China's food security, including the shortage of agricultural land resources, the inability to meet the needs of food production, the rapid growth of food demand, the aggravation of the imbalance of food supply and the threat from the international market. Based on this, the paper puts forward suggestions of relevant policy to ensure national food security, in order to provide a scientific basis for the policy formulation of relevant government departments.

scholarly journals Fruiting Species Influence the Seasonal Use of the Habitat by Sloth Bear in and around Balaram Ambaji Wildlife Sanctuary, Gujarat, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-190
Author(s):  
Tana P. MEWADA ◽  
Umeshkumar L. TIWARI ◽  
Amit KOTIA
Keyword(s):  
Forest Type ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Feeding Site ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Sign Surveys ◽  
Common Resource ◽  
Reserve Forest ◽  
Sloth Bear

Sloth bear populations in India are threatened, and the ecology and distribution of the species occurring in the region's protected areas are known, but there is no scientific basis underlying management strategies for sloth bear. We used bear indirect and opportunistic direct signs like feeding site, scats, foot print trails, claw marks on climbing trees, to study habitat use and distribution of sloth bear (Melurus ursinus) across Balaram Ambaji Wildlife Sanctuary and Danta Reserve Forest, Gujarat, India from April, 2010 to January 2011. We survey 40 grids (5 × 5 km) 3 km signs survey = 120 km × 3 = 360 km and total 766 bear signs were recorded, and for vegetation we surveyed 40 grids × 2 km vegetation transect = 80 km were sampled. A total of nine (9) vegetation types were recorded and the bear sign where crossed check with the vegetation forest type. Fruits appear to be a key resource for sloth bears, and factors affecting fruit abundance or seasonality will affect bear foraging as well as the humans to depend on such fruits as a food common resource. Knowledge of this relationship will allow managers to be more proactive in managing bears. We recommend using sign surveys for monitoring changes in sloth bear presence, as they are inexpensive, efficient, and can be conducted by trained rangers.

scholarly journals Rebuilding depleted fish stocks: the good, the bad, and, mostly, the ugly

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 1830-1840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven A. Murawski
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
International Negotiations ◽  
Fish Populations ◽  
Annual Rate ◽  
Fishing Mortality ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Biomass Recovery ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Stock Recovery

Abstract Murawski, S. A. 2010. Rebuilding depleted fish stocks: the good, the bad, and, mostly, the ugly. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1830–1840. Recovery of depleted fish populations has become an important theme in national and international negotiations and commitments regarding sustainability. Although up to 63% of fish stocks worldwide may be in need of rebuilding, only 1% are currently classified as “rebuilding”, and fewer yet have been “rebuilt”. Recent history in stock recovery provides a rich source of examples of rebuilding plans across a spectrum of execution (“good”, “bad”, “ugly”, and “in progress”). Of 24 depleted stocks with formal plans that successfully reduced the fishing mortality, all but one exhibited signs of recovery. The median instantaneous annual rate of biomass recovery (0.16) was similar to the rate of depletion (−0.14) experienced, but stocks with more vulnerable life histories recovered substantially slower than they had been depleted. Most successful rebuilding programmes have incorporated substantial, measurable reductions in fishing mortality at the onset, rather than relying on incremental small reductions over time. A particularly vexing issue is the differential pace of recovery among relatively productive and unproductive components of mixed-species fisheries. Rebuilding the majority of stocks classified worldwide as “overfished” will take a more effective, consistent, and politically supported stock-recovery paradigm, if society is eventually to meet its articulated sustainability goals for global fisheries.

Population fluctuations and recruitment in marine populations

1982 ◽  
Vol 297 (1087) ◽  
pp. 353-368 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Population Fluctuations ◽  
Japanese Sardine ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
The North ◽  
Natural Variations

This paper is not concerned with the effect of oil pollution as such, but sets out to consider the range of natural variation and the extent to which this might mask the effects of other factors such as possible pollutant effects. To detect the effect of a pollutant (or a change in fishing effort) it is necessary to allow for natural variations, both random and periodic. Some examples are given to illustrate the extent of natural variations, in a variety of marine populations. For Arcto-Norwegian cod, information is available on catches from about the middle of the last century to the present day. Large catches are about 3-6 times the size of small catches. The difference between large and small catches is about equal to the mean catch. Further, the time taken to change from a small to a large catch level is very variable. The Greenland cod provides an example of a stock that increased very considerably due to a northerly increase of the limits of distribution of the species. This increase was associated with a warm period in the North Atlantic and with increased catches. Many fish stocks and in particular many species of pelagic fishes, exhibit much larger fluctuations in stock size, e.g. the Hokkaido herring, the Japanese sardine, the Bohuslan herring, the Atlanto-Scandian herring and the Califonian anchovy and sardine. Fluctuations also occur in invertebrate species and evidence is given of changes that have occurred in North Sea phytoplankton and zooplankton. The Peruvian anchovy provides an example of a stock that decreased very considerably, due partly to fishing and partly to changes in the hydrographic regime that caused the fish to become more available for exploitation. Fluctuations in fish stocks are primarily due to fluctuations in recruitment. The factors affecting recruitment are not yet fully understood but are known to be determined during the first year of life and probably during the larval or early juvenile stages. Whatever the mechanism, however, it is the variations in recruitment that determine a very large part of the variations in adult fish stocks and hence it is variations in recruitment and the causes of these that are important. In conclusion, the examples show that natural communities can exhibit large natural fluctuations, of varying periodicity, in the long term. Apart from incidents where there is gross pollution, an effect of pollution can therefore only be convincingly demonstrated for those species for which background information is available for a long enough period to allow for long-term periodicity as well as for short-term and irregular variability.

Empirical Research Design on the Influencing Factors of Supply Chain Performance and their Relationships

2012 ◽  
Vol 482-484 ◽  
pp. 331-342
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Wen Liang Bian
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Material Flow ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Measurement Development ◽  
Supply Chain Performance ◽  
Hypothetical Model ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Integrated Supply Chain

Supply chain has become a leading role in this severely competitive market, while the research on supply chain performance has not been paid enough attention to improve overall operational abilities and effectiveness. Based on the view of an integrated supply chain, we develop a theoretical model of factors affecting supply chain performance from the points of material flow, commercial flow and information flow. It also describes the main procedure to finish this empirical research on this subject and explores hypothetical model building and measurement development. In this way, we pave the way for doing further empirical research on this subject.

scholarly journals Clinical Factors Affecting Recovery Periods of Vascular and Idiopathic Acquired Paralytic Strabismus

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 1123-1128
Author(s):  
Su-Min Yoon ◽  
Suk-Gyu Ha ◽  
Yeong-Woo Seo ◽  
Seung-Hyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Complete Resolution ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
History Of ◽  
Angle Of Deviation ◽  
Paralytic Strabismus

Purpose: Clinical factors affecting the recovery period in patients with vascular or idiopathic paralytic strabismus were evaluated.Methods: This study involved a retrospective review of medical records of patients diagnosed with vascular and idiopathic acquired paralytic strabismus. Vascular paralysis was defined in cases of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or cardiovascular disease. The angle of deviation and limitation of extraocular movement were evaluated at each visit. Recovery was defined as the absence of diplopia and complete resolution of limitation of extraocular movement. Factors affecting recovery success and recovery period were analyzed.Results: We retrospectively reviewed data of 145 patients consisting of 87 with vascular paralytic strabismus (cranial nerve [CN] III: 21, CN IV: 28, CN VI: 38) and 58 with idiopathic paralytic strabismus (CN IV: 20, CN VI: 24, CN III: 14). The recovery rate did not significantly differ between vascular (60.9%) and idiopathic (63.8%) groups (p = 0.15). The recovery period was longer in the vascular group (130.1 ± 145.1 days) than in the idiopathic group (92.6 ± 76.6) (p = 0.02). Age at onset was significantly associated with the recovery period in both vascular and idiopathic groups. In the vascular group, the recovery periods were 107.4 ± 74.8 days in CN III palsy, 97.2 ± 51.9 days in CN IV palsy, and 159.3 ± 194.1 days in CN VI palsy. The recovery period was significantly longer in patients with CN VI palsy (p = 0.03). Hypertension was significantly influencing the recovery period in patients with vascular CN VI palsy (odds ratio = 2.54, p = 0.01).Conclusions: The recovery period was longer in patients with vascular paralytic strabismus than in patients with idiopathic paralytic strabismus. Recovery rates were not significantly different between groups. In patients with vascular CN VI palsy, a history of hypertension was significantly associated with the recovery period.

scholarly journals Experimental design of fuse link with ceramic alloy: Cracking problem

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Şanyılmaz ◽  
Sermin Elevli
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Industrial Buildings ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Full Factorial Experimental Design ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Full Factorial

Low-voltage (LV) fuse systems, which open a circuit by cutting the current when it exceeds a given value for an adequate period, are used in nonresidential, commercial, and industrial buildings. LV-fuse systems consist of a fuse base, fuse link, and a detachable operating handle. The fuse link is made of a ceramic alloy. In this study, a full-factorial experimental design with two levels was used to solve the fracture problem of fuse links. In this scope, performance criteria (compressive strength), factors affecting the performance criteria (moisture ratio, shaping duration, drying duration, and firing duration) and factor levels were determined in the initial stage. Main effects and interactions among factors were investigated, and factor-level combinations that maximize the compressive strength were determined according to results of analysis. Finally, the relationship between compressive strength and experimental factors was presented in the form of f = y(x) for prediction purposes.

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