Interannual site fidelity of Pacific halibut: potential utility of protected areas for management of a migratory demersal fish

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 2120-2134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie K. Nielsen ◽  
Andrew C. Seitz
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Demersal Fish ◽  
Glacier Bay ◽  
Migration Timing ◽  
Pacific Halibut

Abstract Pacific halibut is a large-bodied demersal fish species known to undertake large-scale winter spawning migrations. We characterized annual movement patterns of Pacific halibut relative to a Marine Protected Area (MPA) in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska using electronic tags. In the summer of 2013, we deployed 25 Pop-up Satellite Archival Tags (PSATs) on halibut to determine seasonal movement patterns, where residency within the MPA was inferred by comparing PSAT depth and temperature records to stationary archival tag data and oceanographic survey data. To characterize within-summer movement patterns, 15 halibut tagged with PSATs were double-tagged with acoustic transmitters and actively tracked during the summers of 2013 and 2014. Home range behaviour and interannual site fidelity at spatial scales <5 km were observed for the majority of tagged fish. A small proportion (6/21 fish with PSAT data) departed the MPA on winter migrations during December 2013. A majority (4/6) of migratory fish returned to the MPA after an average of 57 d (s.d. 22 d) spent outside of the MPA. Migration timing generally coincided with existing winter commercial fishery closures. The annual movement patterns of tagged halibut relative to MPA boundaries and winter commercial fisheries closures suggest that the Glacier Bay MPA could serve as a year-round refuge from commercial harvest for both residential and migratory halibut. If halibut behaviour is similar in other areas, protected areas may provide some utility for management despite the migratory nature of halibut.

scholarly journals Individual variation in residency and regional movements of reef manta rays Mobula alfredi in a large marine protected area

2020 ◽  
Vol 639 ◽  
pp. 137-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Andrzejaczek ◽  
TK Chapple ◽  
DJ Curnick ◽  
AB Carlisle ◽  
M Castleton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Variation ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Spatial Ecology ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Large Individual

Mobulid populations are declining on a global scale as a result of both targeted fisheries and indirect anthropogenic threats. In order to implement effective conservation strategies for species of this taxa, it is crucial that movement patterns at a range of spatiotemporal scales are defined. To gain insight into such patterns, we deployed a combination of acoustic (n = 21) and satellite (n = 12) tags on reef manta rays Mobula alfredi in the British Indian Ocean Territory Marine Protected Area (BIOT MPA) annually from 2013 through 2016. An extensive array of acoustic receivers (n = 52) were deployed across the archipelago to record the movements of mantas throughout the MPA. Data revealed large individual variation in horizontal movement patterns, ranging from high local site fidelity (<10 km) for up to 3 yr, to large-scale regional movements (>200 km) around the entire MPA. Depth time-series data recorded vertical movement patterns consistent with other epipelagic elasmobranch species, including oscillatory diving and deep dives to greater than 500 m. Though no individuals were directly recorded departing the MPA throughout the study, the gaps in detections and estimated travel speeds documented here indicate that movement of individuals outside of the BIOT MPA cannot be discounted. Collectively, our data suggests that, with effective enforcement, the current size of the BIOT MPA is providing substantial protection to its reef manta ray population. Characterization of movement patterns across ontogenetic classes, however, is required to fully characterize the spatial ecology of this species and ensure protection across all cohorts of the population.

scholarly journals Effects of a large-scale and offshore marine protected area on the demersal fish assemblage in the Southwest Atlantic

2012 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Alemany ◽  
Oscar O. Iribarne ◽  
Eduardo M. Acha
Keyword(s):  
Fish Assemblage ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Demersal Fish ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Fish Assemblage Structure ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Southwest Atlantic ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Alemany, D., Iribarne, O. O., and Acha, E. M. 2013. Effects of a large-scale and offshore marine protected area on the demersal fish assemblage in the Southwest Atlantic. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70:123–134. There are few extensive and offshore located marine protected areas (MPAs) in the world oceans and their performance is still being debated. We evaluated the effects of a large-scale offshore MPA located on the Southwest Atlantic Patagonian Shelf (43°S 63°W) on the demersal fish assemblage. Compliance of the Patagonian MPA was assessed by analysing eight years of satellite vessel monitoring system (VMS; 2000–2008) data, which showed compliance and fishing effort concentrated near the protection boundaries. MPA effects were studied by employing a five year database collected by a scientific research vessel in protected and fishing locations, before and after the MPA establishment. We assessed 152 scientific trawling stations using multivariate analysis of fish assemblage structure, fish abundance (discriminating target and non-target species), and mean size and proportion of juveniles of the target species (Argentine hake, Merluccius hubbsi). The identified MPA effects were a trend towards increasing abundance of the demersal fish assemblage, the target and non-target fish species, and hake juvenile size, and a higher proportion of juveniles aged 2+ inside the MPA. These positive trends support the case for offshore, large-scale MPAs.

scholarly journals Local overfishing patterns have regional effects on health of coral, and economic transitions can promote its recovery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Milne ◽  
Chris Bauch ◽  
Madhur Anand
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Fish Yield ◽  
Economic Transitions

Overfishing has the potential to severely disrupt coral reef ecosystems worldwide, while harvesting at more sustainable levels instead can boost fish yield without damaging reefs. The dispersal abilities of reef species mean that coral reefs form highly connected environments, and the viability of reef fish populations depends on spatially explicit processes such as the spillover effect and unauthorized harvesting inside marine protected areas. However, much of the literature on coral conservation and management has only examined overfishing on a local scale, without considering how different spatial patterns of fishing levels can affect reef health both locally and regionally. Here, we simulate a coupled human-environment model to determine how coral and herbivorous reef fish respond to overfishing across multiple spatial scales. We find that coral and reef fish react in opposite ways to habitat fragmentation driven by overfishing, and that a potential spillover effect from marine protected areas into overfished patches helps coral populations far less than it does reef fish. We also show that ongoing economic transitions from fishing to tourism have the potential to revive fish and coral populations over a relatively short timescale, and that large-scale reef recovery is possible even if these transitions only occur locally. Our results show the importance of considering spatial dynamics in marine conservation efforts, and demonstrate the ability of economic factors to cause regime shifts in human-environment systems.

scholarly journals Movement Patterns and Habitat use of Adult Giant Trevally (Caranx Ignobilis) in the South China Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei‐Chuan Chiang ◽  
Shian-Jhong Lin ◽  
Ker-Yea Soong ◽  
Te-Yu Liao ◽  
Yu-Yun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea

Abstract This paper presents the first application of pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) to giant trevally (Caranx ignobilis) in a "no-take" marine protected area (MPA) comprising in a major reef system in the South China Sea (Dongsha Attol National Park). In order to determine appropriate management strategies in an around the MPA and to delimit stock boundaries to help restore populations, fundamental ecological information is required on movement patterns, habitat preferences and home range. In total 10 giant trevally were tagged from May 2016 to September 2018. Eight tags reported and remained affixed from 17 to 243 days and linear displacements ranged from 26 to 826 km from deployment to pop-up locations. Fish were mainly confined to the mixed-layer but occasionally made deeper descents (~50 -60 m) during nighttime and the distributions of time spent at depth (~0 - 67 m) and temperature (21.5 - 35.4°C) were significantly different between daytime and nighttime but the transitions were not pronounced. Most probable tracks calculated from a state-space Kalman filter suggested site-fidelity and/or cyclic N-S dispersal patterns possibly related to spawning or foraging as about half of the pop-up locations were within ~100 km of the tagging location. Given these findings and implications, it is possible that giant trevally may need to be managed at small spatial scales to preserve genetic diversity. Additional tagging studies, however, using genetic data and conventional tags to maximize cost-benefit and augmented with a sub-set of PSATs, will be required to test this hypothesis at a higher level of statistical power.

Characterising essential breeding habitat for whales informs the development of large-scale Marine Protected Areas in the South Pacific

2016 ◽  
Vol 548 ◽  
pp. 263-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
RE Lindsay ◽  
R Constantine ◽  
J Robbins ◽  
DK Mattila ◽  
A Tagarino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
The South

(A review) Atlas of especially protected natural areas of Saint Petersburg / Ed. in chief V. N. Khramtsov, T. V. Kovaleva, N. Yu. Natsvaladze. St. Petersburg, 2013. 176 p.

2014 ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
Z. V. Karamysheva
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Natural Protected Areas ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Original Illustrations ◽  
Vegetation Maps ◽  
Protected Natural Areas

The review contains detailed description of the «Atlas of especially protected natural areas of Saint Petersburg» published in 2013. This publication presents the results of long-term studies of 12 natural protected areas made by a large research team in the years from 2002 to 2013 (see References). The Atlas contains a large number of the historical maps, new satellite images, the original illustrations, detailed texts on the nature of protected areas, summary tables of rare species of vascular plants, fungi and vertebrates recorded in these areas. Special attention is paid to the principles of thematic large-scale mapping. The landscape maps, the vegetation maps as well as the maps of natural processes in landscapes are included. Reviewed Atlas deserves the highest praise.

scholarly journals Analysis of 220 Years of Floodplain Population Dynamics in the US at Different Spatial Scales

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Firoza Akhter ◽  
Maurizio Mazzoleni ◽  
Luigia Brandimarte
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
National Level ◽  
State Level ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
The Us ◽  
Over Time

In this study, we explore the long-term trends of floodplain population dynamics at different spatial scales in the contiguous United States (U.S.). We exploit different types of datasets from 1790–2010—i.e., decadal spatial distribution for the population density in the US, global floodplains dataset, large-scale data of flood occurrence and damage, and structural and nonstructural flood protection measures for the US. At the national level, we found that the population initially settled down within the floodplains and then spread across its territory over time. At the state level, we observed that flood damages and national protection measures might have contributed to a learning effect, which in turn, shaped the floodplain population dynamics over time. Finally, at the county level, other socio-economic factors such as local flood insurances, economic activities, and socio-political context may predominantly influence the dynamics. Our study shows that different influencing factors affect floodplain population dynamics at different spatial scales. These facts are crucial for a reliable development and implementation of flood risk management planning.

scholarly journals Insectivorous songbirds as early indicators of future defoliation by spruce budworm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Germain ◽  
Daniel Kneeshaw ◽  
Louis De Grandpré ◽  
Mélanie Desrochers ◽  
Patrick M. A. James ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Maximum Probability ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Probability Of Presence ◽  
Time Lagged ◽  
One Year ◽  
Local Sampling

Abstract Context Although the spatiotemporal dynamics of spruce budworm outbreaks have been intensively studied, forecasting outbreaks remains challenging. During outbreaks, budworm-linked warblers (Tennessee, Cape May, and bay-breasted warbler) show a strong positive response to increases in spruce budworm, but little is known about the relative timing of these responses. Objectives We hypothesized that these warblers could be used as sentinels of future defoliation of budworm host trees. We examined the timing and magnitude of the relationships between defoliation by spruce budworm and changes in the probability of presence of warblers to determine whether they responded to budworm infestation before local defoliation being observed by standard detection methods. Methods We modelled this relationship using large-scale point count surveys of songbirds and maps of cumulative time-lagged defoliation over multiple spatial scales (2–30 km radius around sampling points) in Quebec, Canada. Results All three warbler species responded positively to defoliation at each spatial scale considered, but the timing of their response differed. Maximum probability of presence of Tennessee and Cape May warbler coincided with observations of local defoliation, or provided a one year warning, making them of little use to guide early interventions. In contrast, the probability of presence of bay-breasted warbler consistently increased 3–4 years before defoliation was detectable. Conclusions Early detection is a critical step in the management of spruce budworm outbreaks and rapid increases in the probability of presence of bay-breasted warbler could be used to identify future epicenters and target ground-based local sampling of spruce budworm.

scholarly journals Mapping High Spatiotemporal-Resolution Soil Moisture by Upscaling Sparse Ground-Based Observations Using a Bayesian Linear Regression Method for Comparison with Microwave Remotely Sensed Soil Moisture Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Jian Kang ◽  
Rui Jin ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Yang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Microwave Remote Sensing ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Spatial Density ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
Pixel Scale

In recent decades, microwave remote sensing (RS) has been used to measure soil moisture (SM). Long-term and large-scale RS SM datasets derived from various microwave sensors have been used in environmental fields. Understanding the accuracies of RS SM products is essential for their proper applications. However, due to the mismatched spatial scale between the ground-based and RS observations, the truth at the pixel scale may not be accurately represented by ground-based observations, especially when the spatial density of in situ measurements is low. Because ground-based observations are often sparsely distributed, temporal upscaling was adopted to transform a few in situ measurements into SM values at a pixel scale of 1 km by introducing the temperature vegetation dryness index (TVDI) related to SM. The upscaled SM showed high consistency with in situ SM observations and could accurately capture rainfall events. The upscaled SM was considered as the reference data to evaluate RS SM products at different spatial scales. In regard to the validation results, in addition to the correlation coefficient (R) of the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) SM being slightly lower than that of the Climate Change Initiative (CCI) SM, SMAP had the best performance in terms of the root-mean-square error (RMSE), unbiased RMSE and bias, followed by the CCI. The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) products were in worse agreement with the upscaled SM and were inferior to the R value of the X-band SM of the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2). In conclusion, in the study area, the SMAP and CCI SM are more reliable, although both products were underestimated by 0.060 cm3 cm−3 and 0.077 cm3 cm−3, respectively. If the biases are corrected, then the improved SMAP with an RMSE of 0.043 cm3 cm−3 and the CCI with an RMSE of 0.039 cm3 cm−3 will hopefully reach the application requirement for an accuracy with an RMSE less than 0.040 cm3 cm−3.

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