scholarly journals 844Considering child maltreatment in social inequalities of educational achievement: a whole-of-population data linkage study

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Chittleborough ◽  
Helena Schuch ◽  
Rhiannon Pilkington ◽  
Alicia Montgomerie ◽  
Janet Grant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Linkage Study ◽  
Protection System

Abstract Background Strategies aimed at reducing health inequalities include a focus on improving education, a key determinant of health and labour market outcomes. Studies have demonstrated that both early life socioeconomic disadvantage and child maltreatment result in poorer educational outcomes, but have not examined the effect of the combination of these adversities. Methods This study used de-identified, linked government administrative data from the South Australian Early Childhood Data Project on children born in South Australia who completed Year 5 National Assessment Program—Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN) during 2008-2015 (n = 61,445), and their corresponding birth, perinatal, school enrolment and child protection system data. Results Overall, 23.7% (95% CI 23.4-24.1) had a poor NAPLAN outcome (at or below national minimum standard on three or more of the five domains - reading, writing, spelling, grammar and punctuation, numeracy). This proportion was approximately double for children who experienced substantiated maltreatment compared to children who did not experience contact with the child protection system, irrespective of the social circumstances (parental education, employment, housing and area-level disadvantage) in which the child lived. Conclusions Social advantage is not sufficient to protect children from poor educational outcomes if they experience substantiated maltreatment. Interventions and services will need to focus on child maltreatment, in addition to socioeconomic factors, to improve educational outcomes in the population. Key messages Within each social group, from advantaged to disadvantaged children, the risk of poor NAPLAN outcomes was greater for children who had contact with the child protection system.

scholarly journals The Emergence of Child Protection Capacities in Oman

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Medical Journal ◽  
Shamsa S. Al Balushi ◽  
Gillian Morantz ◽  
Geoffrey Dougherty
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Health It ◽  
Potential Harm ◽  
Gulf Countries ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Basic Reference ◽  
Widespread Phenomenon ◽  
Keywords Child

Child Maltreatment (CM) is the abuse and neglect of children under the age of 18 years. It has many types which results in actual or potential harm to the child’s health. It is a widespread phenomenon and is well reported from western countries in contrast with the gulf countries. Reports documenting CM from Oman are now available. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the state and the patterns of Child Maltreatment in Oman. It will also addresses the current Child Protection System (CPS) in Oman and the sociocultural considerations . The study was conducted by reviewing all relevant medical literature published in English before 2020. It will serve as a basic reference in the field of CM in Oman. It should help to identify lacunas in the current CPS, and guide to the establishment of a more effective one. Keywords: Child Maltreatment; Child Protection System; Oman.

scholarly journals 838Thriving in adversity: positive child development despite early disadvantage in a whole-of-population data linkage study

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Chittleborough ◽  
Thomas Brown ◽  
Helena Schuch ◽  
Anna Kalamkarian ◽  
Rhiannon Pilkington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Data Linkage ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Linkage Study ◽  
First Year ◽  
Early Adversity ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Latent Class Analyses

Abstract Background Experiencing socioeconomic disadvantage, poor health, or child maltreatment in early life has negative effects on child development. However, we know little about children who have good developmental outcomes despite experiencing adversity. Methods This study used de-identified, linked government administrative data from the South Australian Early Childhood Data Project: specifically Australian Early Development Census (AEDC) data for all South Australian born children in their first year of school in 2009, 2012 and 2015 (n = 47,179) and their corresponding birth, perinatal, school enrolment, hospital admission, emergency department presentation, public housing and child protection data. Latent class analyses constructed multidimensional measures of socioeconomic, health, and maltreatment adversities experienced from birth to age 5. Results Overall, 49.8% (95% CI 49.2-50.4) of children were on track on all five AEDC domains, but this ranged from 53.7% among children who did not experience high levels of adversity to 13.5% among children with high levels of all three adversities. Conclusions Among children who experienced high levels of two or three early adversity types, approximately 1 in 5 were developmentally on track. Understanding characteristics of these children who thrive, against the odds, will help identify intervention opportunities to improve child development. Key messages Compared with children who did not experience high levels of adversity, each additional adversity reduced the likelihood of being developmentally on track by approximately 10% to 15%. Children experiencing socioeconomic or maltreatment adversity were less likely to be developmentally on track than children experiencing health adversity.

scholarly journals Abuse and neglect in children with disabilities: risk varies by type of disability

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Maclean ◽  
Scott Sims ◽  
Melanie Hansen ◽  
Helen Leonard ◽  
Jenny Bourke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Linkage Study ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Parental Mental Health ◽  
Out Of Home Care ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Western Australian

ABSTRACT ObjectivesTo examine the risk of abuse and neglect for children with different types of disabilities taking into account other existing adversities, including socioeconomic disadvantage, parental mental health issues, etc. ApproachPopulation based record linkage study of all children born between 1990-2010 utilising the Western Australian Register of Developmental Anomalies, the Intellectual Disabilities Exploring Answers database, Health data and Child Protection data. ResultsAfter taking into account existing adversities intellectual disability was associated with the highest risk of a child maltreatment allegation and entering out-of-home care. Further results include risk by level of intellectual disability and causes of disability. ConclusionDifferent disabilities are associated with differing risk of child maltreatment and child protection involvement. Groups that are considered at higher risk require services to identify and address the support needs of this group and determine how prevention and early intervention can lower the risk for child abuse and neglect in this vulnerable group.

Educational outcomes of children on guardianship or custody orders: A pilot study: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-5
Author(s):  
Michelle Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Advisory Council ◽  
Disability Services ◽  
Australian Institute ◽  
Outcomes For Children ◽  
Collaborative Efforts

The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) has recently released a report on the educational outcomes for children and young people on guardianship or custody orders. This report, four years in the making, represents one of the first comprehensive Australian assessments based on educational performance data from multiple jurisdictions for children on guardianship or custody orders. Developed for the National Child Protection and Support Services data group, the study was funded by the Community and Disability Services Ministers’ Advisory Council (AIHW 2007).This pilot study examines how children on guardianship/custody orders are performing compared with all Australian children in education department-based testing for reading and numeracy in years 3, 5 and 7. Mean test scores were examined in addition to the achievement of national benchmarks for reading and numeracy. These nationally agreed benchmarks are designed to assess whether children have achieved the minimum standards for years 3, 5 and 7 (AIHW 2007). Data on 895 children on guardianship or custody orders were collected from five jurisdictions - Queensland, Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania and the Australian Capital Territory - for August 2003 (AIHW 2007). The data were linked through collaborative efforts by state and territory education and community services departments.

Preschool education as the great equalizer? A cross-country study into the sources of inequality in reading competence

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor Cebolla-Boado ◽  
Jonas Radl ◽  
Leire Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Parental Education ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Reading Literacy ◽  
Preschool Attendance ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Standardized Measure

In this study we examine the extent to which preschool education can reduce social background differentials in learning outcomes across countries; our focus is on whether the benefits of preschool attendance for children depend on other family inputs such as parents’ education and their pedagogical involvement during early childhood. We use the 2011 Progress in International Reading Literacy Study, which provides a standardized measure of reading literacy among students in 4th grade. Our sample contains data on 119,008 individuals from 28 developed countries. The presented evidence confirms that preschool is visibly beneficial in most cases, but also that benefits are lower for children who have more involved or more educated parents. Rather than complements to, parental involvement and parental education seem to be substitutes for preschool attendance in children’s skill production function. As such, preschool education reduces social inequalities in educational achievement. Yet, its equalizing potential could have been overstated in previous debates.

scholarly journals Young People Under Youth Justice Supervision With Varying Child Protection Histories: An Analysis of Group Differences

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catia G. Malvaso ◽  
Paul H. Delfabbro ◽  
Andrew Day ◽  
Gavin Nobes
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Youth Justice ◽  
Complex Needs ◽  
Out Of Home Care ◽  
History Of

There is now convincing evidence that childhood maltreatment is associated with youth offending; however, relatively little is known about the characteristics and needs of those who are involved in both the child protection and youth justice systems, and the extent to which these might differ according to level of child protection involvement. This study reports the characteristics and needs of 2,045 young people who were under supervision in secure custody or detention in South Australia between 1995 and 2012 according to the level of exposure to the child protection system in an Australian jurisdiction. Five groups of young offenders were compared: (a) no known child protection notifications or substantiated experience of abuse and/or neglect, (b) notifications only, (c) substantiated notifications, (d) notifications or substantiations and subsequent placement in out-of-home care (OHC), and (e) placement in OHC only. The results indicate that young people who have a history of child protection system involvement have significantly greater and more complex needs than those who have no child protection experience. It is concluded that different service responses may be required to meet the diverse needs of these groups of young people under youth justice supervision.

scholarly journals Trajectories through child protection and education: Patterns, timing and causality

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Maclean ◽  
Catherine Taylor ◽  
Melissa O'Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Reading Achievement ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Low Achievement ◽  
Maltreated Children ◽  
Out Of Home Care ◽  
Outcomes For Children ◽  
At Home

ABSTRACTObjectives1) To examine the reading trajectories of children with different levels of child protection involvement from Year 3-9 of school 2) To estimate the ‘effects’ of entering care on Year 9 reading achievement, attendance and suspensions among children with substantiated maltreatment ApproachRecord-linkage of population data was used to investigate educational outcomes for children born in Western Australia from 1990-2010. Data from the Departments of Health, Child Protection and Family Support, Education, and Disability Services were used. Multi-level modelling was used to assess children’s reading trajectories from Year 3-9, and identify child, family, neighbourhood and child protection factors associated with reading achievement over time. Educational outcomes for maltreated children placed in out-of-home care were compared to a propensity-matched comparison group of children that remained at home using regression analyses. ResultsChild protection involved children most often showed a stable pattern of low achievement from Year 3-9. Of those with mid-level Year 3 scores, 45%-50% showed declining achievement with scores in the lowest third of their Year 9 cohort. Particularly low achievement in Year 3 and 9 was found among children with early unsubstantiated maltreatment followed by older-aged entry to care. Propensity matched analysis showed that after controlling for maltreatment, child, family, and neighbourhood characteristics, maltreated children did not significantly differ by placement status on reading or suspensions. Absences were significantly lower among children that entered care versus those remaining at home (OR=0.36,95%CI[0.15, 0.91). ConclusionFindings suggest that poor educational outcomes for children that have entered care are not primarily caused by out-of-home care, but reflect prior disadvantage and maltreatment. Child protection involved children are more likely to show stable low and declining patterns of achievement than other children, highlighting a need not only for early intervention, but also for interventions to address academic problems that arise later in childhood.

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