scholarly journals 562The “quiet revolution” and mental health? Associations between household-employment configurations and mental-health across 17 years

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania King ◽  
Yamna Taouk ◽  
Tony LaMontagne ◽  
Doctor Humaira Maheen ◽  
Anne Kavanagh
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male Breadwinner ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression

Abstract Background Despite evidence that employed women report more time pressure and work-life penalties than employed men and other women, scant attention has been paid to the possible health effects of female labour-force participation. Methods This analysis examined associations between household labour-force arrangements and the mental health of men and women using 17 waves of data from the Household Income and Labour Dynamics Survey. Mental health was measured using the Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5). A five-category measure of household employment configuration was derived: dual full-time employed, male-breadwinner, female-breadwinner, shared part-time employment (both part-time) and male full-time/female part-time (1.5-earner). Using fixed effects regression methods, we examined the within-person effects of household employment configuration on mental health, controlling for time-varying confounders. Results For men, being in the female-breadwinner configuration was associated with poorer mental health compared to being in the 1.5-earner configuration (b-1.98, 95%CI -3.36, -0.61). The mental health of women was poorer when in the male-breadwinner configuration, compared to when in the 1.5-earner arrangement (b-0.89, 95%CI -1.56, -0.22). Conclusions The mental health of both men and women is poorer when not in the labour-force, either as a man in the female-breadwinner arrangement, or as a woman in the male-breadwinner arrangement. Key messages These results suggest that the mental health of women and men benefits from labour-force participation. The results are noteworthy for women, because they pertain to a sizeable proportion of the population who are not in paid employment, and highlight the need for policy reform to support women’s labour-force participation.

scholarly journals Breadwinners and Losers: Does the Mental Health of Mothers, Fathers, and Children Vary by Household Employment Arrangements? Evidence From 7 Waves of Data From the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 189 (12) ◽  
pp. 1512-1520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania L King ◽  
Marissa Shields ◽  
Sean Byars ◽  
Anne M Kavanagh ◽  
Lyn Craig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Male Breadwinner ◽  
Psychological Distress Scale ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Distress Scale

Abstract In Australia, as in many industrialized countries, the past 50 years have been marked by increasing female labor-force participation. It is popularly speculated that this might impose a mental-health burden on women and their children. This analysis aimed to examine the associations between household labor-force participation (household employment configuration) and the mental health of parents and children. Seven waves of data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children were used, comprising 2004–2016, with children aged 4–17 years). Mental health outcome measures were the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (children/adolescents) and 6-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (parents). A 5-category measure of household employment configuration was derived from parental reports: both parents full-time, male-breadwinner, female-breadwinner, shared-part-time employment (both part-time) and father full-time/mother part-time (1.5-earner). Fixed-effects regression models were used to compare within-person effects, controlling for time-varying confounders. For men, the male-breadwinner configuration was associated with poorer mental health compared with the 1.5-earner configuration (β = 0.21, 95% confidence interval: 0.05, 0.36). No evidence of association was observed for either women or children. This counters prevailing social attitudes, suggesting that neither children nor women are adversely affected by household employment configuration, nor are they disadvantaged by the extent of this labor-force participation. Men’s mental health appears to be poorer when they are the sole household breadwinner.

scholarly journals Gender Roles and Employment Pathways of Older Women and Men in England

SAGE Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824401774269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariska van der Horst ◽  
David Lain ◽  
Sarah Vickerstaff ◽  
Charlotte Clark ◽  
Ben Baumberg Geiger
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male Breadwinner ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Part Time Work

In the context of population aging, the U.K. government is encouraging people to work longer and delay retirement, and it is claimed that many people now make “gradual” transitions from full-time to part-time work to retirement. Part-time employment in older age may, however, be largely due to women working part-time before older age, as per a U.K. “modified male breadwinner” model. This article therefore separately examines the extent to which men and women make transitions into part-time work in older age, and whether such transitions are influenced by marital status. Following older men and women over a 10-year period using the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, this article presents sequence, cluster, and multinomial logistic regression analyses. Little evidence is found for people moving into part-time work in older age. Typically, women did not work at all or they worked part-time (with some remaining in part-time work and some retiring/exiting from this activity). Consistent with a “modified male breadwinner” logic, marriage was positively related to the likelihood of women belonging to typically “female employment pathway clusters,” which mostly consist of part-time work or not being employed. Men were mostly working full-time regardless of marital status. Attempts to extend working lives among older women are therefore likely to be complicated by the influence of traditional gender roles on employment.

scholarly journals Labour Markets and Wages in Australia in 2009

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Therese Jefferson ◽  
Alison Preston
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Labour Market Activity ◽  
Full Time Employment

The global financial crisis (GFC) of 2008 made it clear that traditional indicators of labour market activity such as headline unemployment, labour force participation and earnings in full-time employment can only partially explain the health of the labour market. In this article we argue the need for a nuanced approach that takes into fuller consideration issues related to hours of work and part-time earnings. Selected industry sectors show stark differences in labour market outcomes when these issues are examined.

Motherhood and wages

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 088-105
Author(s):  
Cécile Wetzels
Keyword(s):  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Pay Gap ◽  
Women's Wages ◽  
Part Time

This article examines labour force participation rates and wage rates according to gender and parenthood in a selection of European countries. Since the ranking of European countries according to their labour force participation rates does not coincide with the ranking of countries according to gross and net hourly wages in purchasing power parities according to gender and parenthood, countries with low female participation rates may face selection into employment effects in women's wages. A review of mostly single-country studies on women's wages shows that for the Scandinavian countries it is still unclear whether care-related leave has consequences for human capital accumulation, whether these consequences are overcome later in a career or not, and whether leave affects wages by signalling. The effect of working part-time on women's wages has not been a focus of research in Scandinavian full-time economies but British studies make clear the negative effects of working part-time on British women's wages. No such clear effect is found in the Dutch part-time economy. There is still a child pay gap in the UK. No such effect is found in the Netherlands nor in Scandinavian countries.

scholarly journals Families' Employment and Childcare Arrangements

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Podmore
Keyword(s):  
Parental Leave ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Education And Care ◽  
Part Time ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

This study investigated parents' experiences and their views on labour force participation, child care arrangements, and parental leave policies. Participants were 60 families with five-year-old children, selected randomly from 14 schools in the greater Wellington region. This paper focuses on parents' employment experiences, with some reference to parental leave. Many mothers had participated in part-time paid work, and the percentage in full-time paid work increased to 19% by the year the children were four to five years of age. Each year from the child's birth up until school entry, over a third of the fathers were working 50 hours or more per week. A high incidence of participation in the early childhood education and care services was evident. There was a relatively low uptake of parental leave among mother and fathers who were in the paid workforce the year the children were born. Some of the main themes addressed in this paper are: diversity and change, the need for flexibility in workplaces, the impact of long hours of paid work on families, financial constraints, and gender roles.

scholarly journals The Impact of Female Labour Force Participation on Household Income Inequality in Switzerland

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursina Kuhn ◽  
Laura Ravazzini
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Female Labour Force Participation ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This contribution investigates the link between female labour force participation and household income inequality using data from the Swiss Household Panel (2000-2014). Through index decomposition analyses, we find that female labour force participation has slightly attenuated household income inequality over time. Women’s entry into the labour market, higher work percentages within part-time work - but not the shift from part-time to full-time work - and the weak correlation in partner’s earnings have contributed to this effect.

Women and Entrepreneurship – Albanian Case

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Anna Xheka
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Women’S Entrepreneurship ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Women's Entrepreneurship ◽  
The Difference

Women’s entrepreneurship is a powerful source, regarding to the women’s economic independence and empowerment, as well as regarding employment generation, economic growth and innovation, development and the reduction of poverty as well as one of the terms of gender equality. This poster presents the situation of women's entrepreneurship in Europe in comparative terms, with special focus in Albania. The paper has a descriptive nature. Describes three different plans in comparative terms; the representation of men and women in entrepreneurship, the representation of women in entrepreneurship in different countries of Europe and of Europe as a whole, as well as compare to gender quota. Through the processing of secondary data from various reports and studies, this poster concludes that although that the gender equality goal is the equal participation of men and women in all sectors, including the entrepreneurship, in this sector, gender gap it is still deep. Another significant comparative aspect, it is the difference between full and part –time women entrepreneurship. While in full time entrepreneurship in a convince way, men are those that dominate, in part time entrepreneurship clearly it’s evident the opposite trend, women's representation is much higher. It’s very interesting the fact, that the women’s entrepreneurship in Albania, presented in a significant optimistic situation, ranking in the second place, after Greece in the European level

Contemporary Trends in PSW Teaching: Challenges and Opportunity to Expand

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Kamlesh Kumar Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Centre Of Excellence ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Government ◽  
National Mental Health ◽  
Psychiatric Social Work

Psychiatric Social Work teaching has completed seven decades in India which was started with master course in medical and psychiatric social work at Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai in 1948 followed by various schools of social work across the country but unfortunately even after two year full time or part time course they are not counted as a mental health professional; still they need two more years of specialized training in mental health as Master of Philosophy in Psychiatric Social Work (M.Phil. PSW) which was offered in just a few institutions. Recently the Government of India formulated manpower development schemes under the national mental health programme to address the shortage of men power in mental health. Under this scheme, 25 centre of excellence in mental health are already stabilised and various post graduate departments were upgraded and M.Phil. PSW course is started or will be started. This figure is in raise in Government intuitions and few private institutions also. The prominence of social work in mental health is expected to enhance by this effort as highly trained social workers will be available to practice in the mental health field but there are some challenges to overcome to get the maximum outcome from this opportunity to expand.    Keywords:Psychiatric social work, mental health, men power development, India  Â

scholarly journals The forgotten labour force: Characteristics and trends for older female part-time workers in Ireland

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
Maeve O’Sullivan ◽  
Christine Cross ◽  
Jonathan Lavelle
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Female Part ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
First Time ◽  
Force Characteristics

AbstractChanging labour markets, educational attainment, work experience, constraints and preferences have all been proposed to explain the features of contemporary female labour force participation. This engagement has been characterised as part-time and segregated in low status, poorly paid jobs. Despite the fact that almost half of all older female workers are employed part-time, there is a dearth of information on who these workers are (the forgotten labour force) and what, if anything has changed over time for this cohort. For the first time, key variables are drawn from three labour force datasets over a 16-year period to provide a likely profile of the older female part-time worker, highlight where they work and in what capacity, as well as shedding light on what has changed over this period. This trend analysis highlights significant changes for this worker cohort, the implications of which are discussed from individual, organisational and societal perspectives.

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