scholarly journals 222Long-term mortality after early famine exposure: findings from the China Kadoorie Biobank

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruogu Meng ◽  
Canqing Yu ◽  
Yu Guo ◽  
Zheng Bian ◽  
Ling Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Famine Exposure ◽  
Prenatal Famine ◽  
Estimate Hazard Ratio

Abstract Background Previous studies suggested that increased risks of chronic diseases in China might be attributable to early experience of the Chinese Great Famine during last century, but the reliable evidence for adult mortality was rare. This study is to investigate the association of early famine exposure with death risks in the middle age. Methods A number of 94 051 participants from China Kadoorie Biobank were categorized as non-famine births (born between 10/1/1956 and 9/30/1958, and 10/1/1962 and 9/30/1964) and famine births (born between 10/1/1959 and 9/30/1961). The outcomes were total and cause specific mortality. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) for famine exposure. Results During a median 10.2 years of follow-up, we documented 2802 total deaths in all participants. Prenatal famine exposure was only associated with the risks of ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality in adulthood (310 deaths, HR [95% CI]: 1.34 [1.02, 1.75]), compared with non-famine births. We also observed the association of famine with total mortality (HR [95% CI]: 1.42 [1.12, 1.78]) in daily alcohol drinkers, but not in non-daily drinkers (P for interaction: 0.025). Conclusions This study indicated that early famine exposure was associated with an increased death risk of heart disease and such risk may be modified by adult alcohol consumption. Key messages Early Chinese famine experience might impact adult IHD deaths. Coexistence of early famine experience and adult alcohol consumption was associated with higher risks of total mortality.

scholarly journals Association of Walnut Consumption with Total and Cause-Specific Mortality and Life Expectancy in U.S. Women and Men

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 226-226
Author(s):  
Xiaoran Liu ◽  
Marta Liu Guasch-Ferré ◽  
Deirdre Liu ◽  
Yanping Li
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Specific Mortality

Abstract Objectives We aim to 1) examine the association between walnut consumption and subsequent total and cause-specific mortality; 2) to estimate life expectancy that would be potentially gained by varying intake of walnuts in U.S. women and men. Methods Walnut consumption was assessed using validated food frequency questionnaires in 1998 (baseline year) and updated every 4 years. We included data from 68,308 women of the Nurses’ Health Study (1998–2016) and 26,760 men of the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1998–2016) who were free of cancer, heart disease, and stroke at baseline. We used Cox regression models adjusting for confounders to estimate mortality risk associated with walnut consumption stratified by sex and dietary quality. We used population based multistate life tables to calculate the differences in life expectancy and years lived in relation to walnut consumption. Results During up to 18 years of follow-up, we documented 30,502 deaths from any cause. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for total mortality across categories of walnut intake (servings/week), as compared to non-consumers, were 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89–0.94), for <1 serving/week, 0.87 (95% CI, 0.83–0.92) for 1 serving/week, 0.79 (95% CI, 0.75–0.85), for 2–4 servings/week, and 0.77 (95% CI,: 0.71–0.81) for >= 5 servings/week (P for trend <0.0001). Per 0.5 serving/day walnut consumption was associated of a reduced risk of total mortality (HR: 0.82, 95% CI,: 0.77–0.88), CVD mortality (HR: 0.78, 95% CI,: 0.67–0.33), and cancer mortality (HR: 0.93, 95% CI:, 0.81–1.07) in participants with a suboptimal diet (AHEI score <60% of cohort distribution). A greater life expectancy of 1.78 years in women and 1.94 years in men was observed among those who consumed walnuts more than 5 servings/week, compared to non-consumers at age 60. Conclusions Higher walnut consumption was associated with lower risk for total mortality and longer estimated life expectancy among U.S. men and women of two prospective cohort studies. Our results provide evidence on the potential role of walnut in the prevention of premature death. Funding Sources UM1 CA186107, UM1 CA176726, UM1 CA167552 Y.L. was partly funded by the California Walnut Commission. The funders have no roles in the design and conduct of the study.

scholarly journals Association of Walnut Consumption with Total and Cause-Specific Mortality and Life Expectancy in U.S. Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2699
Author(s):  
Xiaoran Liu ◽  
Marta Guasch-Ferré ◽  
Deirdre K. Tobias ◽  
Yanping Li
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Estimate Life Expectancy ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Elder Adults ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Walnut consumption is associated with health benefits. We aimed to (1) examine the association between walnut consumption and mortality and (2) estimate life expectancy in relation to walnut consumption in U.S. adults. We included 67,014 women of the Nurses’ Health Study (1998–2018) and 26,326 men of the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1998–2018) who were free of cancer, heart disease, and stroke at baseline. We used Cox regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During up to 20 years of follow-up, we documented 30,263 deaths. The hazard ratios for total mortality across categories of walnut intake (servings/week), as compared to non-consumers, were 0.95 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.91, 0.98) for <1 serving/week, 0.94 (95% CI, 0.89, 0.99) for 1 serving/week, 0.87 (95% CI, 0.82, 0.93) for 2–4 servings/week, and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.79, 0.93) for >=5 servings/week (p for trend <0.0001). A greater life expectancy at age 60 (1.30 years in women and 1.26 years in men) was observed among those who consumed walnuts more than 5 servings/week compared to non-consumers. Higher walnut consumption was associated with a lower risk of total and CVD mortality and a greater gained life expectancy among U.S. elder adults.

Abstract MP35: Physical Activity Before and After Cancer Diagnosis and Total and Cause-Specific Mortality

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulette D Chandler ◽  
Deirdre Tobias ◽  
Jule E Buring ◽  
I-Min Lee ◽  
Daniel Chasman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Before And After ◽  
After Cancer ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Background: Given the increased prevalence of cancer survivors in the United States, it is imperative to define risk factors for potential reductions in total and cause-specific mortality. Physical activity (PA) represents a promising target for intervention. Design: We prospectively evaluated PA from questionnaires before and after cancer diagnosis with total and cause-specific mortality among 13,297 subjects diagnosed with invasive cancer combined from the Physicians’ Health Study (PHS) (n=6328), Physicians’ Health Study II (PHS II) (n=912), and Women's Health Study (WHS) (n=6057). WHS and PHS participants were free of baseline cancer; PHS II participants reported no active cancer at baseline. We ascertained PA before and after an incident cancer diagnosis based on reports on repeated follow-up questionnaires. Death was ascertained by medical records and death certificates. Cox regression estimated combined hazard ratios (HRs) of mortality by PA adjusted for age, randomized treatments, BMI, and other lifestyle/demographic factors. We evaluated the interaction between PA before and after cancer diagnosis by comparing PA ≤1 versus ≥2 times/wk. Results: The mean follow-up after cancer diagnosis was 8.0, 7.5, and 5.2 y for WHS, PHS, and PHS II, respectively, during which there were 5623 deaths (WHS, 2164; PHS, 3269; PHS II; 190). Higher PA before cancer diagnosis was associated with significantly lower mortality. Compared with PA ≤ once/wk, the HRs (95% CIs) associated with PA 2-4 and >4 times/wk were 0.87 (0.82-0.93) and 0.88 (0.82-0.94) for total mortality; 0.77 (0.63-0.95) and 0.79 (0.62-0.997) for CVD mortality, and 0.90 (0.83-0.98) and 0.90 (0.83-0.98) for cancer mortality. Higher PA after cancer diagnosis was associated with significantly lower total and cancer mortality and non-significantly lower CVD mortality, with HRs (95% CIs) of 0.65 (0.58-0.72) and 0.66 (0.59-0.73) for total mortality; 0.78 (0.59-1.03) and 0.82 (0.61-1.10) for CVD mortality, and 0.66 (0.57-0.77) and 0.64 (0.55-0.74) for cancer mortality. There was a significant interaction of PA before and after cancer diagnosis for total (p int =0.02) and cancer (p int =0.007) mortality, but not CVD mortality (p int =0.38). Conclusions: Greater PA both before and after cancer diagnosis were significantly associated with lower total and cancer mortality. Higher PA before cancer diagnosis was also associated with lower CVD mortality. PA may be an important target for lower mortality after cancer diagnosis.

scholarly journals Association of Derived Neutrophil-To-Lymphocyte Ratio With Prognosis of Coronary Heart Disease After PCI

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang-Qiong Liu ◽  
Wen-Jing Zhang ◽  
Jia-Hong Shangguan ◽  
Xiao-Dan Zhu ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Neutrophil To Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
The Third

Aims: The present study aimed to investigate the prognostic role of derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) after PCI.Methods: A total of 3,561 post-PCI patients with CHD were retrospectively enrolled in the CORFCHD-ZZ study from January 2013 to December 2017. The patients (3,462) were divided into three groups according to dNLR tertiles: the first tertile (dNLR &lt; 1.36; n = 1,139), second tertile (1.36 ≥ dNLR &lt; 1.96; n = 1,166), and third tertile(dNLR ≥ 1.96; n = 1,157). The mean follow-up time was 37.59 ± 22.24 months. The primary endpoint was defined as mortality (including all-cause death and cardiac death), and the secondary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs).Results: There were 2,644 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and 838 patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) in the present study. In the total population, the all-cause mortality (ACM) and cardiac mortality (CM) incidence was significantly higher in the third tertile than in the first tertile [hazard risk (HR) = 1.8 (95% CI: 1.2–2.8), p = 0.006 and HR = 2.1 (95% CI: 1.23–3.8), p = 0.009, respectively]. Multivariate Cox regression analyses suggested that compared with the patients in the first tertile than those in the third tertile, the risk of ACM was increased 1.763 times (HR = 1.763, 95% CI: 1.133–2.743, p = 0.012), and the risk of CM was increased 1.763 times (HR = 1.961, 95% CI: 1.083–3.550, p = 0.026) in the higher dNLR group during the long-term follow-up. In both ACS patients and CCS patients, there were significant differences among the three groups in the incidence of ACM in univariate analysis. We also found that the incidence of CM was significantly different among the three groups in CCS patients in both univariate analysis (HR = 3.541, 95% CI: 1.154–10.863, p = 0.027) and multivariate analysis (HR = 3.136, 95% CI: 1.015–9.690, p = 0.047).Conclusion: The present study suggested that dNLR is an independent and novel predictor of mortality in CHD patients who underwent PCI.

scholarly journals Dietary fiber intake and total and cause-specific mortality: the Japan Public Health Center-based prospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (5) ◽  
pp. 1027-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoko Katagiri ◽  
Atsushi Goto ◽  
Norie Sawada ◽  
Taiki Yamaji ◽  
Motoki Iwasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Dietary Fiber Intake ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Specific Mortality

ABSTRACT Background An inverse association has been shown between dietary fiber intake and several noncommunicable diseases. However, evidence of this effect remains unclear in the Asian population. Objective We examined the association between dietary fiber intake and all-cause and cause-specific mortality, as well as the association between fiber intake from dietary sources and all-cause mortality. Methods We conducted a large-scale population-based cohort study (Japan Public Health Center-based prospective study). A validated questionnaire with 138 food items was completed by 92,924 participants (42,754 men and 50,170 women) aged 45–74 y. Dietary fiber intake was calculated and divided into quintiles. HR and 95% CI of total and cause-specific mortality were reported. Results During the mean follow-up of 16.8 y, 19,400 deaths were identified. In multivariable adjusted models, total, soluble, and insoluble fiber intakes were inversely associated with all-cause mortality. The HRs of total mortality in the highest quintile of total fiber intake compared with the lowest quintile were 0.77 (95% CI: 0.72, 0.82; Ptrend &lt;0.0001) in men and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.76, 0.89; Ptrend &lt;0.0001) in women. Increased quintiles of dietary fiber intake were significantly associated with decreased mortality due to total cardiovascular disease (CVD), respiratory disease, and injury in both men and women, whereas dietary fiber intake was inversely associated with cancer mortality in men but not women. Fiber from fruits, beans, and vegetables, but not from cereals, was inversely associated with total mortality. Conclusion In this large-scale prospective study with a long follow-up period, dietary fiber was inversely associated with all-cause mortality. Since intakes of dietary fiber, mainly from fruits, vegetables, and beans were associated with lower all-cause mortality, these food sources may be good options for people aiming to consume more fiber.

scholarly journals Alcohol consumption and mortality in individuals with diabetes mellitus

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (7) ◽  
pp. 1307-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diewertje Sluik ◽  
Heiner Boeing ◽  
Manuela M. Bergmann ◽  
Madlen Schütze ◽  
Birgit Teucher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
History Of ◽  
Current Alcohol

Studies have suggested that moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a reduced risk of CVD and premature mortality in individuals with diabetes mellitus. However, history of alcohol consumption has hardly been taken into account. We investigated the association between current alcohol consumption and mortality in men and women with diabetes mellitus accounting for past alcohol consumption. Within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), a cohort was defined of 4797 participants with a confirmed diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Men and women were assigned to categories of baseline and past alcohol consumption. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI for total mortality were estimated with multivariable Cox regression models, using light alcohol consumption (>0–6 g/d) as the reference category. Compared with light alcohol consumption, no relationship was observed between consumption of 6 g/d or more and total mortality. HR for >6–12 g/d was 0·89 (95 % CI 0·61, 1·30) in men and 0·86 (95 % CI 0·46, 1·60) in women. Adjustment for past alcohol consumption did not change the estimates substantially. In individuals who at baseline reported abstaining from alcohol, mortality rates were increased relative to light consumers: HR was 1·52 (95 % CI 0·99, 2·35) in men and 1·81 (95 % CI 1·04, 3·17) in women. The present study in diabetic individuals showed no association between current alcohol consumption >6 g/d and mortality risk compared with light consumption. The increased mortality risk among non-consumers appeared to be affected by their past alcohol consumption rather than their current abstinence.

scholarly journals Consumption of Total Olive Oil and Risk of Total and Cause-Specific Mortality in US Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1036-1036
Author(s):  
Marta Guasch-Ferre ◽  
Yanping Li ◽  
Walter Willett ◽  
Qi Sun ◽  
Laura Sampson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Dairy Fat ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Specific Mortality

Abstract Objectives The association between olive oil intake and the risk of mortality has not been evaluated before in the US population. Our objective was to examine whether olive oil intake is associated with total and cause-specific mortality in two prospective cohorts of US men and women. We hypothesize that higher olive oil consumption is associated with lower risk of total and cause-specific mortality. Methods We followed 61,096 women (Nurses’ Health Study, 1990–2016) and 31,936 men (Health Professionals Follow-up Study, 1990–2016) who were free of diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer at baseline. Diet was assessed by a semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire at baseline and then every 4 years. Cox proportional hazards regressions were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results During 26 years of follow-up, 32,868 deaths occurred. Compared with those participants who never consumed olive oil, those with higher olive oil intake (&gt;1/2 tablespoon/d or &gt;8g/d) had 15% lower risk of total mortality [pooled hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 0.85 (0.81, 0.88)] after adjustment for potential confounders. Higher olive oil intake was associated with 15% lower risk of CVD death [0.85 (0.78, 0.92)], 38% lower risk of neurodegenerative disease death [0.62 (0.54, 0.71)], and 12% lower risk of respiratory death [0.88 (0.77, 1.00)]. Replacing 10 g of margarine, mayonnaise, and dairy fat with the equivalent amount of olive oil was associated with 7–20% lower risk of total mortality, and death from CVD, cancer, neurodegenerative, and respiratory diseases. No significant associations were observed when olive oil was replacing other vegetable oils combined (corn, safflower, soybean and canola oil). Conclusions We observed that higher olive oil intake was associated with a lower risk of total mortality and cause-specific mortality in a large prospective cohort of U.S. men and women. The substitution of margarine, mayonnaise, and dairy fat with olive oil was associated with a reduced risk of mortality. Funding Sources This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health.

scholarly journals Influence of Waist-to-Hip Ratio on the Prognosis of Heart Failure Patients With Revascularized Coronary Heart Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingyue Zhang ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Yajun Shi ◽  
Wei Dong ◽  
Yang Mu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio

Background: Heart failure (HF) is considered one of the most common complications of coronary heart disease (CHD), with a higher incidence of readmission and mortality. Thus, exploring the risk factors related to the prognosis is necessary. Moreover, the effect of the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) on HF patients with revascularized CHD is still unclear. Thus, we aimed to assess the influence of WHR on the prognosis of HF patients with revascularized CHD.Methods: We collected data of HF patients with revascularized CHD who were referred to the Cardiac Rehabilitation Clinic of PLA Hospital from June 30, 2015, to June 30, 2019. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between WHR and prognosis of HF patients with revascularized CHD. Patients were divided into higher and lower WHR groups based on the cutoff WHR value calculated by the X-tile software. Cox regression analysis was used to analysis the two groups. We drew the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of WHR and analyzed the differences between the two groups. Endpoints were defined as major adverse cardiac events (MACE) (including all-cause mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction, unscheduled revascularization, and stroke).Results: During the median follow-up of 39 months and maximum follow-up of 54 months, 109 patients were enrolled, of which 91.7% were males, and the mean age was 56.0 ± 10.4 years. WHR was associated with the incidence of MACE in the Cox regression analysis (p = 0.001); an increase in WHR of 0.01 unit had a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.134 (95%CI: 1.057–1.216). The WHR cutoff value was 0.93. Patients in the higher WHR group had a significantly higher risk of MACE than those in the lower WHR group (HR = 7.037, 95%CI: 1.758–28.168). The ROC area under the curve was 0.733 at 4 years. Patients in the higher WHR group had a higher body mass index (BMI; 26.7 ± 3.5 vs. 25.4 ± 2.4, P = 0.033) than patients in the lower WHR group.Conclusions: WHR is an independent risk factor of the long-term prognosis of Chinese HF patients with revascularized CHD. Patients with WHR ≥ 0.93 require intensified treatment. Higher WHR is related to higher BMI and ΔVO2/ΔWR.

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