scholarly journals Neuroethics and Animals: Report and Recommendations From the University of Pennsylvania Animal Research Neuroethics Workshop

ILAR Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam J Shriver ◽  
Tyler M John
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
The United States ◽  
Animal Research ◽  
Early Years ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
Nonhuman Animals ◽  
The University

Abstract Growing awareness of the ethical implications of neuroscience in the early years of the 21st century led to the emergence of the new academic field of “neuroethics,” which studies the ethical implications of developments in the neurosciences. However, despite the acceleration and evolution of neuroscience research on nonhuman animals, the unique ethical issues connected with neuroscience research involving nonhuman animals remain underdiscussed. This is a significant oversight given the central place of animal models in neuroscience. To respond to these concerns, the Center for Neuroscience and Society and the Center for the Interaction of Animals and Society at the University of Pennsylvania hosted a workshop on the “Neuroethics of Animal Research” in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. At the workshop, expert speakers and attendees discussed ethical issues arising from neuroscience research involving nonhuman animals, including the use of animal models in the study of pain and psychiatric conditions, animal brain-machine interfaces, animal–animal chimeras, cerebral organoids, and the relevance of neuroscience to debates about personhood. This paper highlights important emerging ethical issues based on the discussions at the workshop. This paper includes recommendations for research in the United States from the authors based on the discussions at the workshop, loosely following the format of the 2 Gray Matters reports on neuroethics published by the Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues.

The Politics of Culture in Cold War America

Prospects ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 451-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Sugrue
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Racial Inequality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Years ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
Literary Figure ◽  
National Security State ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The University

In march, 1994, the University of Pennsylvania held a conference to celebrate the opening of the Howard Fast papers at the university's library. To commemorate Fast's remarkable sixty-year career, a group of historians and literary critics gathered to reconsider the intellectual and cultural milieu of the United States in the early years of the Cold War. During the eventful years, from 1945 to 1960, Fast emerged as a leading Communist activist and a major literary figure who achieved great popular success. Fast, an unabashed member of the Communist Party, like many other oppositional writers of the era, clashed with the national security state. He faced harassment, blacklisting, and marginalization for his refusal to cooperate with federal authorities who were committed to silencing cultural and political voices from the Left. Like other stalwarts of the Communist Party, Fast was often doctrinaire. As a reporter for the Daily Worker and an occasional partisan polemicist, Fast was often stiflingly orthodox. But Fast's Communism was a distinctively American variant, mediated by New York's Jewish radicalism, deeply concerned with the American dilemma of racial inequality.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Matthew Hersch ◽  
Cassandra Steer
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
The United States ◽  
Law School ◽  
International Negotiation ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
Use Of Space ◽  
High Level ◽  
Current Concerns ◽  
The University

War and Peace in Outer Space examines the legal, policy, and ethical issues animating current concerns regarding the growing weaponization of outer space and the potential for a space-based conflict in the very near future. A collection of diverse voices rather than the product of a single scholarly mind, it builds upon a conference that was held in Philadelphia in April 2018, hosted by the Center for Ethics and the Rule of Law, at the University of Pennsylvania Law School, and designed by co-editor Cassandra Steer. The conference was an exceptionally high-level invitation-only roundtable for the duration of two days, attended by approximately thirty experts on space warfare from Canada, Europe, and the United States. In addition to calling attention to likely current and future threats to national and global security stemming from the use and misuse of the space environment, attendees suggested measures for ameliorating the risk of conflict in space, including international negotiation, transparency, and reporting on the use of space-based assets, and the establishment of clear rules, backed up by sanction regimes, against hostile actions that threaten the peaceful use of space by all nations.

The Early Years of the Jewish Presence at the University of Illinois

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-245
Author(s):  
Winton U. Solberg
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Characteristic Form ◽  
University Of Illinois ◽  
American Higher Education ◽  
Jewish Students ◽  
The University ◽  
The Church

For over two centuries, the College was the characteristic form of higher education in the United States, and the College was closely allied to the church in a predominantly Protestant land. The university became the characteristic form of American higher education starting in the late nineteenth Century, and universities long continued to reflect the nation's Protestant culture. By about 1900, however, Catholics and Jews began to enter universities in increasing numbers. What was the experience of Jewish students in these institutions, and how did authorities respond to their appearance? These questions will be addressed in this article by focusing on the Jewish presence at the University of Illinois in the early twentieth Century. Religion, like a red thread, is interwoven throughout the entire fabric of this story.

Pediatric Surgery: The Long Road to Recognition

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 618-621
Author(s):  
C. Everett Koop
Keyword(s):  
General Surgery ◽  
Pediatric Surgery ◽  
Internship And Residency ◽  
The United States ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
Surgery Training ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
Adult World ◽  
The University ◽  
General Surgery Training

Before 1946, when I completed my training in general surgery, I knew very little about the field that eventually became known as pediatric surgery. I knew that children did not get a fair shake in surgery; that was amply proved during my internship and residency. Surgical patients came from the adult world, and children had a difficult time competing with them. Surgeons in general were frightened of children, and they distrusted the ability of anesthetists to wake children up after putting them to sleep, a position not far from that of many anesthetists. The younger and smaller the patient, the more significant the hazard. I knew, also, that in the United States and in Europe, where some surgery of children was more successfully carried out, it fell usually into one of the specialties, especially orthopedics. In those days there was a need for such specialization in the treatment of diseases that are no longer problems: tuberculosis of the bone, osteomyelitis, and polio. I wish I could say that my knowledge of the sad state of child surgery as I saw it in Philadelphia made me determined to bring about changes for the better. Actually, during the last year of my general surgery training at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, I was invited to become surgeon in chief of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Pediatric surgery was thrust upon me. Nevertheless, I was excited about the chance to make surgery safer for children, and I entered my career with that goal.

DEFECTIVE STEROIDAL BIOGENESIS IN CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-672
Author(s):  
Alfred M. Bongiovanni ◽  
Walter R. Eberlein
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Assistant Professor ◽  
The United States ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
Rockefeller Institute ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Research Division ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
The University

Dr. Alfred M. Bongiovanni is a young man who started research work as an investigator at the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, even before he received his B.S. degree from Villanova College in 1940. While at Villanova, Dr. Bongiovanni received the Kolmer Medal for Excellence in Science. In 1943 he received his M.D. from the University of Pennsylvania, following which he immediately served a 2-year tour of duty in the United States Navy. After discharge from the Navy, he filled residencies at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia from 1947 to 1949. During the years 1949 and 1950, Dr. Bongiovanni served as Assistant Physician at the Rockefeller Institute in New York and in 1950-51 returned to the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia as Assistant Director of Clinics. In 1951 he was appointed the National Foundation of Infantile Paralysis Fellow to the Research Division of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. New opportunities and promotions quickly followed with an appointment as Assistant Professor of Pediatrics at Johns Hopkins in 1952; Senior Research Associate in the Pediatric Endocrine Division and Assistant Professor of Pediatrics at the University of Pennsylvania in 1954; and in 1955 Associate Professor of Pediatrics at the same university. Dr. Bongiovanni is a Diplomate of the American Board of Pediatrics and a member of the Editorial Board of the American Journal of Medical Sciences and of numerous professional societies. In 1956 Dr. Bongiovanni received the Ciba Award. Dr. Bongiovanni has been author of about 50 articles, the great majority of which are on endocrinology and at least 23 of them with Dr. Eberlein, who is the co-recipient with Dr. Bongiovanni of this Award, as a co-author.

The World before (and Shortly after) Wharton

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-52
Author(s):  
Steven Conn
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Business Schools ◽  
Educational Leaders ◽  
The United States ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
American Business ◽  
Wharton School ◽  
The Social ◽  
University Degree ◽  
The University

This chapter examines why educational leaders and businessmen in the United States thought it was a good idea to establish business schools in the first place. The answer often offered at the time was that American business itself had grown so big and complex by the turn of the twentieth century that a new university-level education was now required for the new world of managerial work. However, the more powerful rationale was that businessmen wanted the social status and cultural cachet that came with a university degree. The chapter then looks at the Wharton School of Finance and Economy at the University of Pennsylvania, which was founded in 1881 and became the first business school in the United States. All of the more than six hundred business schools founded in the nearly century and a half since descend from Wharton.

COVID-19 Pandemic Significantly Decreases Acute Surgical Complaints

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
pp. 1492-1500
Author(s):  
John S. Riley ◽  
Valerie L. Luks ◽  
Luis Filipe de Pina ◽  
Ziad Al Adas ◽  
Jordan B. Stoecker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chief Complaint ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
Acute Care Surgery ◽  
Academic Hospital ◽  
Care Surgery ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic significantly reduced elective surgery in the United States, but the impact of COVID-19 on acute surgical complaints and acute care surgery is unknown. Study design A retrospective review was performed of all surgical consults at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania in the 30 days prior to and 30 days following confirmation of the first COVID-19 patient at the institution. Consults to all divisions within general surgery were included. Results Total surgical consult volume decreased by 43% in the post-COVID-19 period, with a significant reduction in the median daily consult volume from 14 to 8 ( P < .0001). Changes in consult volume by patient location, chief complaint, and surgical division were variable, in aggregate reflecting a disproportionate decrease among less acute surgical complaints. The percentage of consults resulting in surgical intervention remained equal in the 2 periods (31% vs 28%, odds ratio 0.85, 95% CI 0.61-1.21, P = .38) with most but not all operation types decreasing in frequency. The rise in the COVID-19 inpatient census led to increased consultation for vascular access, accommodated at our center by the creation of a new surgical procedures team. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic significantly altered the landscape of acute surgical complaints at our large academic hospital. An appreciation of these trends may be helpful to other Departments of Surgery around the country as they deploy staff and allocate resources in the COVID-19 era.

Influences of New England Law on the Middle Colonies

1983 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
George L. Haskins
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
The United States ◽  
Law School ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
Mother Country ◽  
The World ◽  
Middle Colonies ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law ◽  
The University

On October 3, 1881, William Henry Rawle, the distinguished Philadelphia lawyer and scholar, addressed students at the University of Pennsylvania Law School hoping to illustrate, ‘in a very general and elementary way,’ the differences between the growth of English and early Pennsylvania jurisprudence. ‘It would have been more interesting and more broadly useful,’ Rawle apologized to his audience, ‘if the attempt could have been extended to embrace the other colonies which afterwards became the United States, for there would have been not only the contrast between the mother country and her colonies, but the contrast between the colonies themselves.’ Rawle was confident that such an examination would have revealed how ‘in some cases, one colony followed or imitated another in its alteration of the law which each had brought over, and how, in others, the law was changed in one colony to suit its needs, all unconscious of similar changes in another.’ ‘Unhappily,’ Rawle explained, ‘this must be the History of the Future for the materials have as yet been sparingly given to the world.’

scholarly journals Deserted Villages: Perspectives from the Eastern Mediterranean

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
The United States ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Geospatial Information ◽  
Rural Landscapes ◽  
University Of Massachusetts ◽  
The University

Deserted Villages: Perspectives from the Eastern Mediterranean is a collection of case studies examining the abandonment of rural settlements over the past millennium and a half, focusing on modern-day Greece with contributions from Turkey and the United States. Unlike other parts of the world, where deserted villages have benefited from decades of meticulous archaeological research, in the eastern Mediterranean better-known ancient sites have often overshadowed the nearby remains of more recently abandoned settlements. Yet as the papers in this volume show, the tide is finally turning toward a more engaged, multidisciplinary, and anthropologically informed archaeology of medieval and post-medieval rural landscapes. The inspiration for this volume was a two-part colloquium organized for the 2016 Annual Meeting of the Archaeological Institute of America in San Francisco. The sessions were sponsored by the Medieval and Post-Medieval Archaeology Interest Group, a rag-tag team of archaeologists who set out in 2005 with the dual goals of promoting the study of later material and cultural heritage and opening publication venues to the fruits of this research. The introduction to the volume reviews the state of the field and contextualizes the archaeological understanding of abandonment and post-abandonment as ongoing processes. The nine, peer reviewed chapters, which have been substantially revised and expanded since the colloquium, offer unparalleled glimpses into how this process has played out in different places. In the first half, the studies focus on long-abandoned sites that have now entered the archaeological record. In the second half, the studies incorporate archival analysis and ethnographic interviews—alongside the archaeologists’ hyper-attention to material culture—to examine the processes of abandonment and post-abandonment in real time. Edited by Rebecca M. Seifried and Deborah E. Brown Stewart. With contributions from Ioanna Antoniadou, Todd Brenningmeyer, William R. Caraher, Marica Cassis, Timothy E. Gregory, Miltiadis Katsaros, Kostis Kourelis, Anthony Lauricella, Dimitri Nakassis, David K. Pettegrew, Richard Rothaus, Guy D. R. Sanders, Isabel Sanders, Lita Tzortzopoulou-Gregory, Olga Vassi, Bret Weber, and Miyon Yoo. Rebecca M. Seifried is the Geospatial Information Librarian at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. Deborah E. Brown Stewart is Head of the Penn Museum Library at the University of Pennsylvania.

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