scholarly journals Symptoms, Infection Duration, and Hemagglutinin Inhibition Antibody Response in Influenza A Infections

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandria D Tricoche ◽  
Abram L Wagner ◽  
Angel Balmaseda ◽  
Nery Sanchez ◽  
Mayuri Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Inhibition Antibody ◽  
Symptom Status ◽  
Asymptomatic Infections ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hemagglutinin Inhibition

Abstract Background Many influenza studies assume that symptomatic and asymptomatic cases have equivalent antibody responses. Methods This study examines the relationship between influenza symptoms and serological response. Influenza-positive index cases and household members in Managua, Nicaragua, during 2012–2017 were categorized by symptom status. Results Antibody response was assessed using hemagglutination inhibition assays (HAI). Among 510 cases, 74.5% had ≥4-fold increase in HAI antibodies, and 75.3% had febrile illness. In a logistic regression model, febrile cases had 2.17 times higher odds of a ≥4-fold titer rise compared to asymptomatic cases (95% confidence interval, 1.02–4.64). Conclusions Studies relying on serological assays may not generalize to asymptomatic infections.

scholarly journals Hemagglutination Inhibition Antibody Titers as a Correlate of Protection Against Seasonal A/H3N2 Influenza Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Benoit ◽  
Jiri Beran ◽  
Jeanne-Marie Devaster ◽  
Meral Esen ◽  
Odile Launay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Correlate Of Protection ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Trivalent Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Inhibition Antibody ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
H3n2 Influenza ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
The Relationship

Background.  To investigate the relationship between hemagglutinin-inhibition (HI) antibody levels to the risk of influenza disease, we conducted a correlate of protection analysis using pooled data from previously published randomized trials. Methods.  Data on the occurrence of laboratory-confirmed influenza and HI levels pre- and postvaccination were analyzed from 4 datasets: 3 datasets included subjects aged <65 years who received inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) or placebo, and 1 dataset included subjects aged ≥65 years who received AS03-adjuvanted TIV (AS03-TIV) or TIV. A logistic model was used to evaluate the relationship between the postvaccination titer of A/H3N2 HI antibodies and occurrence of A/H3N2 disease. We then built a receiver-operating characteristic curve to ide.jpegy a potential cutoff titer between protection and no protection. Results.  The baseline odds ratio of A/H3N2 disease was higher for subjects aged ≥65 years than <65 years and higher in seasons of strong epidemic intensity than moderate or low intensity. Including age and epidemic intensity as covariates, a 4-fold increase in titer was associated with a 2-fold decrease in the risk of A/H3N2 disease. Conclusions.  The modeling exercise confirmed a relationship between A/H3N2 disease and HI responses, but it did not allow an evaluation of the predictive power of the HI response.

scholarly journals The relationship between epidemic influenza A(H1N1) and ABO blood groups

1981 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lebiush ◽  
L. Rannon ◽  
J. D. Kark
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Blood Groups ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Abo Blood Groups ◽  
Differential Distribution ◽  
Military Recruits ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryAn outbreak of influenza caused by the A(H1N1) subtype in military recruits in February 1978 afforded an opportunity to study the association of ABO blood groups with influenza morbidity and serological response. Fifty-eight per cent of 336 recruits became clinically ill. There was no differential distribution of clinical influenza by blood group. However, seroconversion to a titre of ≥ 20 was significantly and appreciably higher in groups A and B than O and AB. Also, among those with serologically confirmed clinical influenza, the occurrence was significantly higher in groups A and B than groups O and AB.

Monitoring Anticoagulant Therapy by Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time: Hirudin Assessment

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (05) ◽  
pp. 685-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T Nurmohamed ◽  
René J Berckmans ◽  
Willy M Morriën-Salomons ◽  
Fenny Berends ◽  
Daan W Hommes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Heparin Therapy ◽  
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Recombinant Hirudin ◽  
Interindividual Differences ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryBackground. Recombinant hirudin (RH) is a new anticoagulant for prophylaxis and treatment of venous and arterial thrombosis. To which extent the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) is suitable for monitoring of RH has not been properly evaluated. Recently, a capillary whole blood device was developed for bed-side monitoring of the APTT and it was demonstrated that this device was suitable to monitor heparin therapy. However, monitoring of RH was not evaluated.Study Objectives. To evaluate in vitro and ex vivo the responsiveness and reproducibility for hirudin monitoring of the whole blood monitor and of plasma APTT assays, which were performed with several reagents and two conventional coagulometers.Results. Large interindividual differences in hirudin responsiveness were noted in both the in vitro and the ex vivo experiments. The relationship between the APTT, expressed as clotting time or ratio of initial and prolonged APTT, and the hirudin concentration was nonlinear. A 1.5-fold increase of the clotting times was obtained at 150-200 ng/ml plasma. However, only a 2-fold increase was obtained at hirudin levels varying from 300 ng to more than 750 ng RH/ml plasma regardless of the assays. The relationship linearized upon logarithmic conversion of the ratio and the hirudin concentration. Disregarding the interindividual differences, and presuming full linearity of the relationship, all combinations were equally responsive to hirudin.Conclusions. All assays were equally responsive to hirudin. Levels up to 300 ng/ml plasma can be reliably estimated with each assay. The manual device may be preferable in situations where rapid availability of test results is necessary.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between the Home Environment and Falls for Older Adults With Visual Impairments

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 770-770
Author(s):  
Bonnielin Swenor ◽  
Aleksandra Mihailovic ◽  
Pradeep Ramulu
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Engineering Society ◽  
Environment Assessment ◽  
Risk Factors For Falls ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The home environment and features of the home have been identified as important risk factors for falls, and may pose particular risk for older adults with visual impairments given difficulty with hazard perception. We used data from 245 participants in the Falls in Glaucoma Study [mean age: 71 years, mean follow-up: 31 months] with homes graded using our previously validated Home Environment Assessment for the Visually Impaired (HEAVI), which quantifies the number of in-home fall-related hazards and found that neither the number of hazards nor the percentage of hazardous items were associated falls/year. However, each 10-fold increase in lighting was associated with a 35% lower rate of falls/year (RR=0.65, 95%CI=0.46 to 0.92) and there was a 50% reduction in falls/year when lighting was at or above 30 footcandles (minimum lighting level recommended by the Engineering Society of North America) compared to lighting <30 footcandles (RR=0.50, 95%CI=0.26 to 0.96).

scholarly journals Longitudinal study describing time to Salmonella seroconversion in piglets on three farrow-to-finish farms

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cevallos-Almeida ◽  
Christelle Fablet ◽  
Catherine Houdayer ◽  
Virginie Dorenlor ◽  
Florent Eono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Serological Status ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Human Salmonellosis ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundPigs are frequently colonised with Salmonella enterica, and this constitutes a major risk for human salmonellosis. The infection can be assessed by the serological response of pigs to S enterica. A longitudinal study was undertaken on-farm to correctly describe this serological response and investigate factors associated with age at Salmonella seroconversion.MethodsThree pig farms and in each farm three successive batches were considered. Per batch, 40 piglets were selected at random from 10 sows (four piglets per sow). Blood was sampled from sows one week after farrowing and from piglets at weeks 1, 6, 10, 14, 18 and 22 and at the slaughterhouse. Salmonella antibodies were detected in serum using a commercial ELISA test. Factors related to farm characteristics, batch management system, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome infection, and sows’ Salmonella serological status were recorded to assess their effect on age at seroconversion.ResultsAt week 1 after farrowing, 96.5 per cent of the sows had antibodies against Salmonella. The serological results of piglets at weeks 1 and 6 only were positively correlated with those of the sows. The average age at Salmonella seroconversion was 137±2.2 days (confidence interval at 95 per cent). The first seroconversions occurred from weeks 10 to 14, but most of the pigs (54.6 per cent) were seropositive at the end of the fattening period, with variations between farms and batches (28.9–75.7 per cent). Herd/farm was significantly associated with age at seroconversion.ConclusionThis longitudinal study allowed the authors to follow precisely the evolution of Salmonella seroconversion from maternity to slaughterhouse and confirm the relationship between the seroconversion of sows and serology of their piglets. Moreover, factors related to farm practices and management as a whole are more influential than individual factors (at the pig level) on age at Salmonella seroconversion.

scholarly journals The relationship between complement C3 expression and the MUC5B genotype in pulmonary fibrosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (1) ◽  
pp. L1-L10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsukasa Okamoto ◽  
Susan K. Mathai ◽  
Corinne E. Hennessy ◽  
Laura A. Hancock ◽  
Avram D. Walts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Complement System ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Complement C3 ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
C3 Gene ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Complement System

The common gain-of-function MUC5B promoter variant ( rs35705950 ) is the strongest risk factor for the development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). While the role of complement in IPF is controversial, both MUC5B and the complement system play a role in lung host defense. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between complement component 3 (C3) and MUC5B in patients with IPF and in bleomycin-induced lung injury in mice. To do this, we evaluated C3 gene expression in whole lung tissue from 300 subjects with IPF and 175 healthy controls. Expression of C3 was higher in IPF than healthy controls {1.40-fold increase [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.31–1.50]; P < 0.0001} and even greater among IPF subjects with the highest-risk IPF MUC5B promoter genotype [TT vs. GG = 1.59-fold (95% CI 1.15–2.20); P < 0.05; TT vs. GT = 1.66-fold (95% CI 1.20–2.30); P < 0.05]. Among subjects with IPF, C3 expression was significantly higher in the lung tissue without microscopic honeycombing than in the lung tissue with microscopic honeycombing [1.40-fold increase (95% CI 1.23– 1.59); P < 0.01]. In mice, while bleomycin exposure increased Muc5b protein expression, C3-deficient mice were protected from bleomycin-induced lung injury. In aggregate, our findings indicate that the MUC5B promoter variant is associated with higher C3 expression and suggest that the complement system may contribute to the pathogenesis of IPF.

scholarly journals The impact of vaccination on the breadth and magnitude of the antibody response to influenza A viruses in HIV-infected individuals

AIDS ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (14) ◽  
pp. 1803-1810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Kohler ◽  
Roger Kouyos ◽  
Matteo Bianchi ◽  
Christina Grube ◽  
Arkadiusz Wyrzucki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Investigating Influenza A Virus Infection: Tools To Track Infection and Limit Tropism: TABLE 1

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (12) ◽  
pp. 6167-6170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica K. Fiege ◽  
Ryan A. Langlois
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Microrna Target ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Target Sites ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Cellular Tropism ◽  
The Relationship

Influenza A viruses display a broad cellular tropism within the respiratory tracts of mammalian hosts. Uncovering the relationship between tropism and virus immunity, pathogenesis, and transmission will be critical for the development of therapeutic interventions. Here we discuss recent developments of several recombinant strains of influenza A virus. These viruses have inserted reporters to track tropism, microRNA target sites to restrict tropism, or barcodes to assess transmission dynamics, expanding our understanding of pathogen-host interactions.

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