scholarly journals Relationship Between Census Tract–Level Poverty and Domestically Acquired Salmonella Incidence: Analysis of Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network Data, 2010–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 222 (8) ◽  
pp. 1405-1412
Author(s):  
James L Hadler ◽  
Paula Clogher ◽  
Tanya Libby ◽  
Elisha Wilson ◽  
Nadine Oosmanally ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Active Surveillance ◽  
Census Tract ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Catchment Population ◽  
Salmonella Infections

Abstract Background The relationships between socioeconomic status and domestically acquired salmonellosis and leading Salmonella serotypes are poorly understood. Methods We analyzed surveillance data from laboratory-confirmed cases of salmonellosis from 2010–2016 for all 10 Foodborne Disease Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) sites, having a catchment population of 47.9 million. Case residential data were geocoded, linked to census tract poverty level, and then categorized into 4 groups according to census tract poverty level. After excluding those reporting international travel before illness onset, age-specific and age-adjusted salmonellosis incidence rates were calculated for each census tract poverty level, overall and for each of the 10 leading serotypes. Results Of 52 821geocodable Salmonella infections (>96%), 48 111 (91.1%) were domestically acquired. Higher age-adjusted incidence occurred with higher census tract poverty level (P < .001; relative risk for highest [≥20%] vs lowest [<5%] census tract poverty level, 1.37). Children <5 years old had the highest relative risk (2.07). Although this relationship was consistent by race/ethnicity and by serotype, it was not present in 5 FoodNet sites or among those aged 18–49 years. Conclusion Children and older adults living in higher-poverty census tracts have had a higher incidence of domestically acquired salmonellosis. There is a need to understand socioeconomic status differences for risk factors for domestically acquired salmonellosis by age group and FoodNet site to help focus prevention efforts.

Salmonella Infections Associated with International Travel: A Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1031-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura R. Johnson ◽  
L. Hannah Gould ◽  
John R. Dunn ◽  
Ruth Berkelman ◽  
Barbara E. Mahon, for the FoodNet Travel Worki
Keyword(s):  
Active Surveillance ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Foodborne Diseases ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Salmonella Infections

scholarly journals Association between wetland presence and incidence of Salmonella enterica serotype Javiana infections in selected US sites, 2005–2011

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (14) ◽  
pp. 2991-2997 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Y. HUANG ◽  
M. E. PATRICK ◽  
J. MANNERS ◽  
A. R. SAPKOTA ◽  
K. J. SCHERZINGER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Surveillance ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Wetland Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Wetland Cover

SUMMARYSalmonella causes an estimated 1·2 million illnesses annually in the USA. Salmonella enterica serotype Javiana (serotype Javiana) is the fourth most common serotype isolated from humans, with the majority of illnesses occurring in southeastern states. The percentage of wetland cover by wetland type and the average incidence rates of serotype Javiana infection in selected counties of the Foodborne Disease Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) were examined. This analysis explored the relationship between wetland environments and incidence in order to assess whether regional differences in environmental habitats may be associated with observed variations in incidence. Findings suggest that environmental habitats may support reservoirs or contribute to the persistence of serotype Javiana, and may frequently contribute to the transmission of infection compared with other Salmonella serotypes.

scholarly journals Features of illnesses caused by five species ofCampylobacter, Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) – 2010–2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. PATRICK ◽  
O. L. HENAO ◽  
T. ROBINSON ◽  
A. L. GEISSLER ◽  
A. CRONQUIST ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Surveillance ◽  
Population Based ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Foodborne Diseases ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Blood Isolate ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Campylobacter Lari ◽  
Campylobacter Upsaliensis

SUMMARYThe Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) conducts population-based surveillance forCampylobacterinfection. For 2010 through 2015, we compared patients withCampylobacter jejuniwith patients with infections caused by otherCampylobacterspecies.Campylobacter colipatients were more often >40 years of age (OR = 1·4), Asian (OR = 2·3), or Black (OR = 1·7), and more likely to live in an urban area (OR = 1·2), report international travel (OR = 1·5), and have infection in autumn or winter (OR = 1·2).Campylobacter upsaliensispatients were more likely female (OR = 1·6), Hispanic (OR = 1·6), have a blood isolate (OR = 2·8), and have an infection in autumn or winter (OR = 1·7).Campylobacter laripatients were more likely to be >40 years of age (OR = 2·9) and have an infection in autumn or winter (OR = 1·7).Campylobacter fetuspatients were more likely male (OR = 3·1), hospitalized (OR = 3·5), and have a blood isolate (OR = 44·1). International travel was associated with antimicrobial-resistantC. jejuni(OR = 12·5) andC. coli(OR = 12) infections. Species-level data are useful in understanding epidemiology, sources, and resistance of infections.

Incidence of Foodborne Illnesses Reported by the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet)—1997

2000 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 807-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID J. WALLACE ◽  
THOMAS VAN GILDER ◽  
SUE SHALLOW ◽  
TERRY FIORENTINO ◽  
SUZANNE D. SEGLER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Active Surveillance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Foodborne Diseases ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Emerging Infections ◽  
Surveillance Network

In 1997, the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Program (FoodNet) conducted active surveillance for culture-confirmed cases of Campylobacter, Escherichia coli O157, Listeria, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio, Yersinia, Cyclospora, and Cryptosporidium in five Emerging Infections Program sites. FoodNet is a collaborative effort of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Infectious Diseases, the United States Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service, the Food and Drug Administration's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, and state health departments in California, Connecticut, Georgia, Minnesota, and Oregon. The population under active surveillance for food-borne infections was approximately 16.1 million persons or roughly 6% of the United States Population. Through weekly or monthly contact with all clinical laboratories in these sites, 8,576 total isolations were recorded: 2,205 cases of salmonellosis, 1,273 cases of shigellosis, 468 cases of cryptosporidiosis, 340 of E. coli O157:H7 infections, 139 of yersiniosis, 77 of listeriosis, 51 of Vibrio infections, and 49 of cyclosporiasis. Results from 1997 demonstrate that while there are regional and seasonal differences in reported incidence rates of certain bacterial and parasitic diseases, and that some pathogens showed a change in incidence from 1996, the overall incidence of illness caused by pathogens under surveillance was stable. More data over more years are needed to assess if observed variations in incidence reflect yearly fluctuations or true changes in the burden of foodborne illness.

scholarly journals Economic Disparities and Syphilis Incidence in Massachusetts, 2001-2013

2017 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-315
Author(s):  
Laura Smock ◽  
Evan Caten ◽  
Katherine Hsu ◽  
Alfred DeMaria
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Census Tract ◽  
Black People ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Syphilis Infection ◽  
Economic Disparities ◽  
Us Census ◽  
Population Counts

Objectives: We used area-level indicators of poverty to describe economic disparities in the incidence rate of infectious syphilis in Massachusetts to (1) determine whether methods developed in earlier AIDS analyses in Massachusetts could be applied to syphilis and (2) characterize syphilis trends during a time of increased rates of syphilis incidence. Methods: Using census tract data and population counts from the US Census Bureau and Massachusetts data on syphilis, we analyzed the incidence rate of syphilis infection from 2001 to 2013 by the poverty level of the census tract in which people with syphilis resided, stratified by age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Results: The syphilis incidence rate increased in all census tract groups in Massachusetts from 2001 to 2013, and disparities in incidence rates by area poverty level persisted over time. The overall incidence rate of syphilis increased 6.9-fold from 2001 to 2013 in all census tract poverty-level groupings (from 1.5 to 10.3 per 100 000 population), but the rise in rate was especially high in the poorest census tracts (from 5.6 to 31.0 per 100 000 population) and among men (from 2.2 to 19.4 per 100 000 population). The highest syphilis incidence rate was among non-Hispanic black people. The largest changes in incidence rate occurred after 2010. One region had a disproportionate increase in incidence rates and a disproportionate impact on the statewide trend. Conclusions: Census tract poverty analyses can inform the targeting of interventions that make progress toward reducing disparities in rates of syphilis incidence possible.

Space–time pattern of hepatitis A in Spain, 1997–2007

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. GOMEZ-BARROSO ◽  
C. VARELA ◽  
R. RAMIS ◽  
J. L. DEL BARRIO ◽  
F. SIMÓN
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Time Pattern ◽  
Global And Local

SUMMARYIn Spain hepatitis A is a compulsory notifiable disease and individual cases are reported to the national epidemiological surveillance network. Incidence rates show variations in different regions. The aim of this study was to analyse the space–time pattern of hepatitis A risk at municipal level in Spain and at global and local levels during the period 1997–2007. At global level we used two estimates of risk: the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and the posterior probability that the smoothed relative risk is >1 (PP). At local level we used the scan statistic method to analyse the space–time clusters. The SIR and significant PP (>0·8) showed the highest risk concentrated in areas of the Mediterranean coast. The most likely cluster gave a relative risk of 53·530. These spatial statistics methodologies can be complementary tools in the epidemiological surveillance of infectious diseases.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Census Tract Poverty and Shiga Toxin–Producing E. coli Risk, Analysis of FoodNet Data, 2010–2014

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
James L Hadler ◽  
Paula Clogher ◽  
Jennifer Huang ◽  
Tanya Libby ◽  
Alicia Cronquist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Census Tract ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Census Tracts ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Uremic Syndrome ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The relationship between socioeconomic status and Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is not well understood. However, recent studies in Connecticut and New York City found that as census tract poverty (CTP) decreased, rates of STEC increased. To explore this nationally, we analyzed surveillance data from laboratory-confirmed cases of STEC from 2010–2014 for all Foodborne Disease Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) sites, population 47.9 million. Methods Case residential data were geocoded and linked to CTP level (2010–2014 American Community Survey). Relative rates were calculated comparing incidence in census tracts with <20% of residents below poverty with those with ≥20%. Relative rates of age-adjusted 5-year incidence per 100 000 population were determined for all STEC, hospitalized only and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) cases overall, by demographic features, FoodNet site, and surveillance year. Results There were 5234 cases of STEC; 26.3% were hospitalized, and 5.9% had HUS. Five-year incidence was 10.9/100 000 population. Relative STEC rates for the <20% compared with the ≥20% CTP group were >1.0 for each age group, FoodNet site, surveillance year, and race/ethnic group except Asian. Relative hospitalization and HUS rates tended to be higher than their respective STEC relative rates. Conclusions Persons living in lower CTP were at higher risk of STEC than those in the highest poverty census tracts. This is unlikely to be due to health care–seeking or diagnostic bias as it applies to analysis limited to hospitalized and HUS cases. Research is needed to better understand exposure differences between people living in the lower vs highest poverty-level census tracts to help direct prevention efforts.

Abstract 3147: Community Socioeconomic Status: Effect on the Knowledge of Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhwani Mehta ◽  
Jane Khoury ◽  
Kathleen Alwell ◽  
Matthew Flaherty ◽  
Daniel Woo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Census Tract ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Stroke Knowledge

Background and Purpose - Despite numerous public awareness campaigns, knowledge about stroke warning signs, risk factors, and treatments remains poor. Previously we described racial disparities in stroke knowledge. We now explore the impact of community socioeconomic status (SES) on stroke knowledge within a large, bi-racial population. Methods -Survey respondents were contacted via a random-digit dial telephone survey in 2005 from the Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky population. Respondents were asked open-ended questions about stroke with regard to warning signs, risk factors, and treatment with rt-PA. Answers were adjudicated by study physicians.. Community SES was defined as the percentage below poverty level within a respondent’s census tract of residence. There are 346 census tracts in the region. For analysis the SES was stratified into quartiles (percent of residents in census tract living below poverty of <5%. 5%-10%, 10%-25%, and >25%. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Potential covariates were race, sex, education, age, smoking, prior stroke or TIA, and history of high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, or heart attack. Responses regarding 3 warning signs, 3 risk factors, and knowledge of rt-PA were compared among the different poverty groups. Results - There were 2156 respondents to the stroke survey. The demographics of the respondents was 24.5 % black, 61.6% women, mean age of 61.5 years. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals are presented in the table . There were no significant differences by community SES of respondents in knowledge of 3 stroke warning signs, 3 risk factors, or of rt-PA. Conclusion - Community SES does not appear to exert an independent effect on knowledge of stroke warning signs and risk factors, or knowledge of rt-PA as a treatment for stroke. It is likely that education and individual experiences with stroke are more important than community poverty for stroke knowledge. This should inform future interventions for improving stroke knowledge.

scholarly journals Disparities in Shigellosis Incidence by Census Tract Poverty, Crowding, and Race/Ethnicity in the United States, FoodNet, 2004–2014

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya Libby ◽  
Paula Clogher ◽  
Elisha Wilson ◽  
Nadine Oosmanally ◽  
Michelle Boyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Census Tract ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Abstract Background Shigella causes an estimated 500 000 enteric illnesses in the United States annually, but the association with socioeconomic factors is unclear. Methods We examined possible epidemiologic associations between shigellosis and poverty using 2004–2014 Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) data. Shigella cases (n = 21 246) were geocoded, linked to Census tract data from the American Community Survey, and categorized into 4 poverty and 4 crowding strata. For each stratum, we calculated incidence by sex, age, race/ethnicity, and FoodNet site. Using negative binomial regression, we estimated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) comparing the highest to lowest stratum. Results Annual FoodNet Shigella incidence per 100 000 population was higher among children &lt;5 years old (19.0), blacks (7.2), and Hispanics (5.6) and was associated with Census tract poverty (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 3.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.5–3.8) and household crowding (IRR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.7–1.9). The association with poverty was strongest among children and persisted regardless of sex, race/ethnicity, or geographic location. After controlling for demographic variables, the association between shigellosis and poverty remained significant (IRR, 2.3; 95% CI, 2.0–2.6). Conclusions In the United States, Shigella infections are epidemiologically associated with poverty, and increased incidence rates are observed among young children, blacks, and Hispanics.

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