Getting the right message: a content analysis and application of the health literacy INDEX tool to online HIV resources in Australia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corie Gray ◽  
Gemma Crawford ◽  
Roanna Lobo ◽  
Bruce Maycock
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Average Score ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Literacy Assessment ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
Missed Opportunities

Abstract Health literacy is considered by some as a determinant of health. Research suggests that different levels of health literacy may be associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) knowledge and behaviour, including willingness to test. This study assessed the health literacy demands of existing Australia HIV prevention resources available online using a health literacy assessment and content analysis. Two reviewers assessed 66 resources using the Health Literacy INDEX. Sixty-one (92%) scored below 50%, with an average score of 35.5%. A coding frame was developed to conduct a content analysis of the resources excluding videos, multiple webpages and booklets (n = 52). We coded for six categories of knowledge: HIV knowledge (100% of resources), transmission (96%), acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) knowledge (88%), testing (87%), consequence of infection (85%) and prevention (77%). We found that resources required a reading grade above grade 8, and very few resources considered audience appropriateness. There were missed opportunities to encourage HIV prevention or testing. Some resources used incorrect language to refer towards people living with HIV, and transmission and prevention messages were often inconsistent. Guidelines for developing HIV prevention resources are warranted to improve health literacy, accessibility and appropriateness of resources and ensure consistent messages and framing of HIV risk.

Social Support and Quality of Life Among People Living With HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Ghana

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110300
Author(s):  
Charles MS. Birore ◽  
Liyun Wu ◽  
Tina Abrefa-Gyan ◽  
Marilyn W. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Utilization of antiretroviral therapies (ART) prolongs life and heightens ability to engage in productive activities among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). This study implemented a 6-week long Social Care Intervention (SCI) Program in Ghana and identified protective factors associated with Quality of Life (QoL) among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). We discovered that SCI model in the form of social support associated positively with differences in the QoL among PLWHA. Logistic regression revealed that social support, especially affectionate support, was positively associated with a higher level of QoL. People who were older and healthier tended to have higher levels of QoL compared with their counterparts who were younger and sicker. These findings suggest that building social support system can serve as an empowerment approach to promote quality of life among PLWHA in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where resources are limited.

scholarly journals Status Karies Gigi pada Pengidap HIV/AIDS

e-GIGI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Michael J. Sundah ◽  
Christy N. Mintjelungan ◽  
Damajanty H. C. Pangemanan
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks the human immune system, especially white blood cells called CD4 cells. Meanwhile, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a syndrome that arises due to the decline in the human immune system caused by HIV infection. Several studies showed that people living with HIV/AIDS had a higher risk of developing dental caries compared to those without HIV/AIDS. Maintenance of oral hygiene, consumption of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs, and low salivary flow play a role in increasing the risk of caries in people living with HIV/AIDS. This study was aimed to determine the status of dental caries in people living with HIV/AIDS. This was a literature review using the databases of Google Scholar, PubMed, and Clinical Key. The results obtained five journals that were relevant to the topic of discussion. There was a high prevalence of caries in people with HIV/AIDS (56.78%-78.7%) and a higher average caries status (12.83±9.6, 15.14±6.09, and 11.87±8.08) compared to those without HIV/AIDS. The high prevalence of caries in people with HIV/AIDS was influenced by decreased salivary flow, use of ARVs, consumption of sweet foods, and lack of oral hygiene. In conclusion, the prevalence of caries in people living with HIV/AIDS was high.Keywords: dental caries, HIV/AIDS  Abstrak: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) adalah virus yang menyerang sistem kekebalan tubuh manusia kususnya sel darah putih yang disebut sel CD4 sedangkan acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) merupakan sindrom yang muncul akibat menurunnya sistem kekebalan tubuh manusia yang diakibatkan infeksi HIV. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengidap HIV/AIDS berisiko lebih tinggi mengalami karies gigi dibandingkan dengan orang tanpa HIV/AIDS. Pemeliharaan kebersihan gigi mulut, konsumsi obat antiretroviral (ARV), dan aliran saliva yang rendah berperan dalam peningkatan risiko karies gigi pada pengidap HIV/AIDS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui status karies gigi pada pengidap HIV/AIDS. Jenis penelitian ialah suatu literature review. Database yang digunakan untuk pencarian literatur ialah Google Scholar, PubMed, dan Clinical Key. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan prevalensi karies yang tinggi pada pengidap HIV/AIDS (56,78%-78,7%) dan rerata status karies lebih tinggi (12,83±9,6, 15,14±6,09, dan 11,87±8,08) dibandingkan dengan yang tanpa HIV/AIDS. Tingginya prevalensi karies pada pengidap HIV/AIDS dipengaruhi oleh penurunan laju aliran saliva, penggunaan ARV, konsumsi makanan manis, dan kurangnya menjaga kebersihan gigi mulut. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah prevalensi karies pada pengidap HIV/AIDS tergolong tinggi.Kata kunci: karies gigi, HIV/AIDS

scholarly journals The role and effectiveness of School-based Extra-Curricular Interventions on children’s health and HIV related behaviour: the case study of Soul Buddyz Clubs Programme in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lebohang Letsela ◽  
Michael Jana ◽  
Rebecca Pursell-Gotz ◽  
Phinah Kodisang ◽  
Renay Weiner
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Education ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
Medical Male Circumcision ◽  
School Based ◽  
Curricular Interventions

Abstract Background HIV education targeting children and adolescents is a key component of HIV prevention. This is especially important in the context of increasing HIV prevalence rates among adolescents and young people. The authors sought to examine the role and effectiveness of an extra-curricular school based programme, Soul Buddyz Clubs (SBC) on HIV knowledge, attitudes, behaviours and biomedical outcomes. Methods This paper employs a mixed methods approach drawing on data from independent qualitative and quantitative sources. Secondary data analysis was performed using survey data from a nationally representative sample that was restricted to 10-14 year-old males and females living in South Africa. Ten focus group discussions and ten in-depth interviews conducted with SBC members and facilitators from 5 provinces, as part of a process evaluation are used to triangulate the effectiveness of SBC intervention. Results The analysis of survey data from 2 198 children indicated that 12% of respondents were exposed to SBC with 4% reporting that they had ever belonged to a club. Children exposed to SBC were more likely to be medically circumcised (AOR 2.38; 95%CI 1.29 -4.40, p=0.006), had correct HIV knowledge (AOR 2.21; 95%CI 1.36 – 3.57, p<0.001) and had less HIV stigmatising attitudes (AOR 0.54; 95%CI 0.31-0.93, p=0.025), adjusting for age, sex, province and exposure to other media – in comparison to those not exposed. Propensity Score Matching findings were consistent with the regression findings. Qualitative findings also supported some of the quantitative results. SBC members reported having learnt about HIV prevention life skills, including condom use, positive attitudes towards people living with HIV, and alcohol abuse. Conclusions Participation in SBC is associated with accessing biomedical HIV prevention services, specifically MMC, correct HIV prevention knowledge and less HIV stigmatizing attitudes. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of a school-based extracurricular intervention using a club approach targeting boys and girls ages 10-14 years on some of the key HIV prevention biomarkers as well as knowledge and attitudes. The article suggests that extra-curricular interventions can form an effective component of school-based comprehensive sexuality education in preventing HIV and promoting medical male circumcision.

scholarly journals The impact of the availability of antiretroviral therapy on personal and community fear of HIV/AIDS, and HIV prevention practices in Rwimi, Uganda: A mixed-method study

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Nicole Naadu Ofosu ◽  
L. Duncan Saunders ◽  
Gian Jhangri ◽  
Afif Alibhai
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Aids

The impact of the widespread availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) related attitudes, behaviours and practices of the general population in Sub-Saharan Africa is understudied. We assessed the impact of ART availability on the fear of HIV/ AIDS (measured at both community and personal levels) and HIV prevention practices in Rwimi, Uganda using a cross-sectional survey. The fear of HIV/AIDS was described as a perceived threat to either self and/or community regarding the risk of contracting the disease, whereby the higher the perception of the threat, the greater the fear. We assessed associations between the outcomes of the dependent variables on both the community and personal fear of HIV/AIDS, and the independent variables of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge and demographics. Qualitative data was also generated from focus group discussions (FGD) on the context of the fear of HIV/AIDS and HIV pre- vention practices. The majority of participants (89.4%; males - 86.8%; females - 90.8%) felt that ART availability has reduced the fear of HIV/AIDS in the community. In contrast, fewer participants (22.4%; males - 24.4%; females – 21.2%) mentioned that their personal fear of HIV/AIDS has been reduced with the availability of ART. From the qualitative study, factors identified as influencing the fear of HIV/AIDS included stigma, fear of infection, and the inconvenience of being on ART. Although fear of HIV/AIDS persists, the fear is reduced because of the availability of life-prolonging ART. HIV prevention practices are influenced by socio-cultural norms (gender roles, relationship dynamics, power and trust), which, we argue, should be considered when de-signing sustainable HIV/AIDS prevention programs.

scholarly journals Stigma and discrimination within the Ethiopian health care settings: Views of inpatients living with human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Befekadu S. Wodajo ◽  
Gloria Thupayagale-Tshweneagae ◽  
Oluwaseyi A. Akpor
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Health Care Settings ◽  
Stigma And Discrimination ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency

Background: Stigma and discrimination attached to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) have been recognised as a major obstacle to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support throughout the world. Stigma and discrimination are more devastating when they occur in health care settings where it is least expected.Aim: To explore the factors attributable to stigma and discrimination of people living with HIV in two Ethiopian rural hospitals on what they thought of health care professionals (HCPs) attending to them.Methods: A qualitative exploratory approach was used. Data collection was by means of audio-taped interview and Tesch’s content analysis approach was used. The sample size for this study was determined by saturation of data and consisted of 16 participants who were people living with HIV admitted as inpatients to the two selected hospitals in Amhara region of Ethiopia.Results: Participants’ views were grouped into: fear of contact, delay of services, substandard services, denial of care, impoliteness of health care providers, breach of confidentiality and poor patient follow-up for persons infected with HIV.Conclusion: The health care settings have been recognised as one of the contexts where HIV and AIDS-related stigmatisation and discrimination can occur. Hospital policies and institutional support should be tailored to embrace people living with HIV as the provision of institutional support is imperative in creating a good working environment and improving the commitment of HCPs so as to enable them to provide holistic care for people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) without discrimination.

scholarly journals The Epidemiology Pattern of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquire Immune Deficiency Syndrome, Diagnostic, Transmission and Prevention in Nigeria-Past and Present

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-50
Author(s):  
C. E. Oguh ◽  
E. N. O. Obiwulu ◽  
I. M. Sheshi ◽  
S. E. Ameh ◽  
C. O. Okpaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
Acquire Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Human immune Virus/Acquire immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) epidemic is one of the major public health challenges faced by Nigeria. The review present the Epidemiology of Human immune Virus/Acquire immune deficiency syndrome, diagnostic and Prevention in Nigeria. The method use was based on the data obtain in Nigeria. Nigeria’s first two AIDS cases were diagnosed in 1985 in Lagos. Today, Nigeria’s epidemic is characterized as one the most rapidly increased rates of HIV/AIDS cases in West Africa. Nigeria's population of 160 million and estimated HIV prevalence of 3.34% (2011) makes Nigeria the second highest HIV burden worldwide, with 3.2 million people living with HIV (PLHIV). Recently, it is estimated that about 3, 229, 757 people live with HIV in Nigeria and about 220, 393 new HIV infections occurred in 2013 and 210,031 died from AIDS- related causes. As of 2020 in Nigeria, the HIV prevalence rate among adults ages 15–49 was 3.1 percent Nigeria has the second-largest number of people living with HIV. In some states, the epidemic is more concentrated and driven by high-risk behaviors, while other states have more generalized epidemics that are sustained primarily by multiple sexual partnerships in the general population. HIV is spread by sexual contact with an infected person and by blood or body fluid exchange through sharing of contaminated needles or transfusions of infected blood or blood clotting factors. Infants born to HIV-infected women may become infected in gestation, during birth, or through breastfeeding. An antenatal clinic (ANC) HIV seroprevalence sentinel survey has been conducted biennially in Nigeria since 1991 to track the epidemic. The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) estimates that 3.5 million Nigerian adults and children were living with HIV/AIDS by the end of 2001. Among sex workers in Lagos, HIV prevalence rose from 2 percent in 1988–89 to 12 percent in 1990–91. By 1995–96, up to 70 percent of sex workers tested positive. As a result of the epidemic, the crude death rate in Nigeria was about 20 percent higher in 2000 than in 1990. In 2019, 170,000 adults and children died of AIDS and UNAIDS estimated that 1 million children orphaned by AIDS were living in Nigeria. The main thrust of HIV prevention strategies in Nigeria is based on the following: Information, Education, and Communication; Condom Promotion; Behavior Change; and Vaccine Development.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PENCEGAHAN dAN PENANGGULANGAN HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY/AQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME (HIV/AIdS) dI KOTA SURAKARTA

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Wahyuningsih ◽  
Widodo.T Novianto ◽  
Hari Purwadi
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Inadequate Response ◽  
Technical Instructions ◽  
The Law ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract<br />This Articel to analyze the implementation of policy on the prevention and combat of Human Immunodefisiency Virus and Aquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in Surakarta City. This type of research in writing this is a non-doctrinal/empirical, with basing on the concept of the law of the 5th. The form used is the research diagnostic analysis. The data type of the data source, and the primair include primary and secondary legal materials. Data analysis using qualitative analysis. Based on the results of research and discussion with respect to issues that are examined, it can be summed up as follows : (1) Factors that become the cause of inadequate response to the HIV and AIDS amongst others caused the problem of HIV and AIDS has not been considered a priority issue by the health sector as well as the development of related sectors; (2) the political support that has not been adequately against the program; (3) yet uncoordinated Commission Response AIDS (KPA) and the SKPD of Surakarta City either the direction of development, planning and implementation of policies and programs regarding the Decree despite various efforts for tackling even the financing has been issued; and (4) the still inadequate dissemination of information and access to health services and the availability of VCT services, ARV existence for sufferers and those at high risk with HIV/AIDS. The steps that must be performed in order to cope with HIV/AIDS in Surakarta, among others : (1) Aspects of the substance of the law with further strengthen runway operations mainly technical instructions and guidelines that govern the start of planning, implementation, evaluation, monitoring, sanctions; (2) Aspects of structure/function and by improving the institutional tasks of KPA either in quality, as well as institutional manegement KPA. (3) Aspects of culture either by increasing the involvement of the population of Key Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) care about HIV/AIDS and high risk groups in planning the program and run the program as well as an evaluation of the program as a Field Officer (FO), Counselor, Case Manager. The establishment of culture/culture done by influencing the attitudes and behavior of continuously/routine so that you can understand, addressing the process of countermeasure and empathy, so as to minimize the discrimination against People Living with HIV/AIDS (ODHA). <br />Keywords: Implementation – Policy – HIV/AIDS – Surakarta

scholarly journals Spirituality in the Life of People with HIV in Light of Neuman’s Systems Model

10.3823/2633 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Maria da Silva Abrão ◽  
Verônica Mirelle Alves Oliveira Pereira ◽  
Regina Célia de Oliveira ◽  
Carlos Roberto Lyra da Silva ◽  
Amanda Regina da Silva Góis
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Systems Model ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: since its discovery as the etiological agent of the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has infected 75.7 million people worldwide Due to the specific characteristics of the Brazilian population, it is considered that spirituality, or spiritual well-being, is an important factor in the way individuals face the HIV/AIDS problematic and its consequences. To understand the spirituality of living with HIV in the light of Neuman's Systems Model. Method: qualitative, descriptive-exploratory research in the light of the Systems Model proposed by Betty Neuman. Data collection took place between the months of March and August 2016 in an outpatient clinic specialized in the treatment of patients with HIV/AIDS of a university hospital located in the city of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. Thirty people living with HIV participated in the study. The data were collected through a questionnaire and an interview with a semi-structured script and underwent categorical content analysis. Results: the understanding of spirituality in living with HIV is presented in three categories: the discovery of the diagnosis and the initial reactions: stressors that affect the lines of defense; the spiritual and religious search: protection when stressors penetrate the lines of defense; and the influence of faith combined with ART in living with HIV: dynamic relationship of the variable spirituality with the other variables. Conclusion: the applicability of the theory can provide important gains to the patient living with HIV/AIDS, generating a way to ensure the strengthening and establishment of lines of defense during their daily lives, and thus maintaining the balance of the patient's system, as well as the harmonic relationship between its variables and the environment.

scholarly journals Medical and Islamic Perspectives on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and its Prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah F ◽  
Hashi AA ◽  
Said AH ◽  
Mat Nor MB
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) that causes Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is one of the world’s most serious health and nation-state destructions. It creates long-term economic and psychosocial impact on the lives of individuals, families and communities. Since the first reported case of HIV/AIDS in Malaysia in 1986, its prevalence has escalated significantly. As of December 2017, there are over 115,263 reported cases of HIV infections in the country and over 40,000 people died from HIV/AIDS.1 Although many religious people regarded HIV infection as a divine punishment for their sins of sexual promiscuity, Islamic teaching emphasises the prevention of the disease and care for people living with HIV or AIDS. It is imperative to discuss the Islamic perspectives in providing ways to prevent the spread of HIV and support to people living with HIV (PLHIV). This article focuses on epidemiological data; highlight the burden of HIV infection/AIDS in Malaysia and its impact on the society, HIV infection from medical perspective and its preventive measures from Islamic viewpoints. A good teamwork among healthcare providers and religious leaders is compulsory as it may improve the preventive strategies to curb the disease in the country.

scholarly journals Awareness about Tuberculosis in people living with HIV/AIDS: A cross Sectional Institutional Study.

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Bikal Shrestha ◽  
Kapil Pandya ◽  
Barun Patel ◽  
Rubina Shrestha Shrestha ◽  
Raj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Common Opportunistic Infection

Introduction: Worldwide, Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common opportunistic infection affecting HIV seropositive individuals and it remains the most common cause of death in patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. It is estimated that 50 to 60% of HIV infected people will develop TB in their lifetime. Keeping this in background this study was planned to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices on TB in HIV positive patients. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in HIV positive individuals attending an ART centre. 100 attendees were selected by systematic random sampling method and interviewed with a pretested, structured questionnaire. Results: In the study 37.2% of respondents were not aware about air/droplet as a route of transmission of TB. Only 10% knew that infective organisms as a common opportunist infection in people with HIV & AIDS. 78.2% of the study population felt that the community will treat them differently if they suffer from TB and total of 57.7% confirmed an attitude of hiding the disease in them. Conclusion: The overall knowledge about TB in HIV positive individuals is low. Efforts must be made to counsel the patients about TB right in the first counselling session that the patient attends in ART centres so as to prevent spread of TB in the community.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v13i1.12993 

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