scholarly journals The “Enemization” of Criminal Law? An Inquiry into the Sociology of a Legal Doctrine and its Political and Moral Underpinnings

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-463
Author(s):  
Dominique Linhardt ◽  
Cédric Moreau de Bellaing
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Sociology Of Knowledge ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Knowledge Perspective ◽  
Critical Resource

Abstract The fight against terrorism has undergone major changes over the past thirty years. These changes have often been interpreted as a manifestation of “exceptionalism,” a trend that should be criticized for undermining the rule of law. We agree with this diagnosis but want to take a further step by acknowledging that this critical relationship to developments in counterterrorism is an integral part of the social processes to be studied. To this end, our approach places knowledge production at the heart of the scientific study of the fight against terrorism. We aim to understand how the so-called enemy criminal law—a legal dogmatic undertaking that has been used in various settings to reflect on the issue of counterterrorism—has gradually evolved from an objectivist analysis to a critical resource, without its axiomatics having fundamentally changed. With the help of what, in France, is called the “sociologie des épreuves,” we show that this transformation has been achieved through the confrontation of the doctrine with different sociopolitical contexts. We aim to document and help explain this unique trajectory from a sociology of knowledge perspective.

scholarly journals OFFENSE - THE ONLY GROUND FOR CRIMINAL LIABILITY

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 149-156
Author(s):  
Laura-Roxana Popoviciu
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Law

This study aims to examine the offence as the only ground for criminal liability. Article 15, paragraph 2 of the Criminal code provides that: “offences are the only grounds for criminal liability”, which implies the existence of an act, which is detected by the bodies empowered under the law in the form required by law, and also this principle comes as a guarantee of the person’s freedom because, without committing an act provided for by the law as an offense, the criminal liability cannot exist.The criminal liability is one of the fundamental institutions of the criminal law, together with the institution of the offence and of the sanction, set in the various provisions of the Criminal code.As shown in the Criminal code, in Title II regarding the offence, there is a close interdependence among the three fundamental institutions. The offence, as a dangerous act prohibited by the criminal rule, attracts, by committing it, the criminal liability, and the criminal liability without a sanction would lack the object. It obliges the person who committed an offence to be held accountable for it in front of the judicial bodies, to bide the sanctions provided for by the law, and to execute the sanction that was applied.The correlation is also vice-versa, meaning that the sanction, its implementation, cannot be justified only by the existence of the perpetrator’s criminal liability, and the criminal liability may not be based only on committing an offence.The criminal liability is a form of the judicial liability and it represents the consequence of non-complying with the provision of the criminal rule. Indeed, the achievement of the rule of law, in general, and also the rule of the criminal law implies, from all the law’s recipients, a conduct according to the provisions of the law, for the normal evolution of the social relations.

Using the Past in Populist Communicational Strategies

Populism ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-256
Author(s):  
Ionut Valentin Chiruta
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
Social Democratic Party ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Virtual Ethnography ◽  
Traumatic Memories ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
With Memory

Abstract This article investigates how political strategies interrelate populist rhetoric with memory issues. By looking at the case of the Social Democratic Party (PSD) from Romania, between 2017–2019, this article reveals how the slide to populism, generated by cyclical confrontations with the rule of law institutions, steered the psd to adopt conspirational beliefs and appeal to traumatic memories to frame the judiciary as the new Securitate. Through the use of discourse analysis and virtual ethnography, this article analyses party resolutions and political rallies. This article explains how the populist rhetoric created a new hegemonic narrative of the judiciary, by intersecting its values and symbolism with the memory of the former Securitate from the Communist period.

scholarly journals Is “Public Interest” a Conceptual Category of Contemporary Polish Procedural Criminal Law?

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-104
Author(s):  
Hanna Paluszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Conceptual Category ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Prosecutors

This study aims at presenting conceptual category named “public interest” under the Polish procedural criminal law. The concept of “public interest”, which is the subject of this analysis, is treated as an indefinite term, functioning as a general clause, whose the task of which is to render a legal text more “flexible” by referring to a set of values outside of the system. The term “public interest” is no longer used in the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure. The legislator still uses many other general clauses, including the “social interest” clause. The analysis of cases in which this clause is used shows that, in fact, these two conceptual categories may not be equated, should not be used interchangeably, and are not synonymous. Although the term “public interest” is no longer a statutory term under the Code of Criminal Procedure, given the fact that it expresses values such as respect for the law and the rule of law, it should be assumed that by proper shaping of the criminal trial model and ensuring that entities performing the role of public interest advocates participate in it, these values are – at least potentially – protected. State prosecutors, in their capacity of public interest advocates and in order to properly discharge their duty to uphold the rule of law, should maintain organizational independence and procedural impartiality.

scholarly journals Kebijakan Hukum Pidana Terhadap Tindak Pidana Penghinaan Atau Pencemaran Nama Baik Melalui Internet Di Indonesia Sebagai Cybercrime

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timbul Mangaratua Simbolon ◽  
Gunarto Gunarto
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Legal Policy ◽  
Community Factors ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Electronic Transactions ◽  
The Social

ABSTRACT �This study entitled Legal Policy Against Criminal Acts Insult or Defamation Through the Internet In Indonesia As Cybercrime. The purpose of this study: 1) To know the criminal law policy against defamation crime / defamation through Internet in Indonesia. 2) To know the effort to overcome the obstacle of criminal law policy towards defamation crime / defamation through Internet in Indonesia.Result of Research: 1) Law Enforcement Act No. 11 of 2008 About Information and Electronic Transaction related to social media user in Indonesia in its implementation not effective even very bad. This is because there are still many users of social media users in Indonesia who commit acts against the law in Social media due to limited knowledge about the ITE Act. In addition, the adherence and awareness of the social media users community is generally very low, so this is also causing the rule of law on social media users is not effective. 2) Legal factors, legal policy factors, facilities or factors, community factors and legal culture factors are factors influencing the enforcement of Law Number 11 Year 2008 on Information and Electronic Transactions related to social media users in Indonesia. Because the five factors are causing the ineffectiveness of the implementation of Law Number 11 Year 2008 About Information and Electronic Transactions.Keywords: Criminal Law Policy, Criminal Acts, Cybercrime�ABSTRAK�Penelitian ini berjudul Kebijakan Hukum Terhadap Tindak Pidana Penghinaan Atau Pencemaran Nama Baik Melalui Internet Di Indonesia Sebagai Cybercrime. Tujuan Penelitian ini : 1) Untuk mengetahui kebijakan hukum pidana terhadap tindak pidana penghinaan/pencemaran nama baik melalui Internet di Indonesia. 2) Untuk mengetahui upaya mengatasi kendala kebijakan hukum pidana terhadap tindak pidana penghinaan/pencemaran nama baik melalui Internet di Indonesia.Hasil Penelitian : 1) Penegakan Hukum Undang-Undang Nomor 11 tahun 2008 Tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik yang berkaitan dengan pengguna media sosial di Indonesia dalam pelaksanaannya tidak efektif bahkan sangat buruk. Hal ini dikarenakan masih banyaknya masyarakat pengguna media sosial di Indonesia yang melakukan perbuatan melawan hukum di Media sosial akibat keterbatasan pengetahuan tentang Undang-Udang ITE. Selain itu, ketaatan serta kesadaran masyarakat pengguna media sosial yang pada umumnya sangat rendah, sehingga hal ini yang menyebabkan pula aturan hukum mengenai pengguna media sosial tidak efektif. 2) Faktor hukum, faktor kebijakan hukum, faktor sarana atau fasilitas, faktor masyarakat dan faktor budaya hukum adalah faktor yang mempengaruhi penegakan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 Tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik yang berkaitan dengan pengguna media sosial di Indonesia. Karena kelima faktor tersebut yang menyebabkan tidak efektifnya pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 Tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik.Kata Kunci : Kebijakan Hukum Pidana, Tindak Pidana Penghinaan, Cybercrime

LEGAL ESSENCE OF ANCIENT PROVERBS AND SAYS AND THEIR SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Dranishnikova ◽  
Ivan Semenov
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The Public ◽  
Moral Standards ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Status Position

The national legal system is determined by traditional elements characterizing the culture and customs that exist in the social environment in the form of moral standards and the law. However, the attitude of the population to the letter of the law, as a rule, initially contains negative properties in order to preserve personal freedom, status, position. Therefore, to solve pressing problems of rooting in the minds of society of the elementary foundations of the initial order, and then the rule of law in the public sphere, proverbs and sayings were developed that in essence contained legal educational criteria.

Theoretical and methodological determinants of the Robert von Mol’s concept of the social state

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Svetlana Pirozhok
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
The State ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Social State ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Legal Thought ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 19Th Century

The relevance of determining the theoretical and methodological determinants of the Robert von Moll’s concept of the social state is due to the need to determine the patterns of evolution of ideas about the state and law, as well as the need to assess the ability to use the potential of the Robert von Moll’s theoretical and legal heritage, his predecessors and contemporaries to identify the optimal model of the social state. Modern Russia attempts to build such state. The proclamation and consolidation of Russia as a social state governed by the rule of law at the constitutional level requires attention both to the experiments carried out in social and legal development, and to the practices of social reform, and also to those ideas that have not yet been embodied. The ideas of European scholars regarding the evolution of the state-legal organization of society in the early modern period, based on which Robert von Mohl (1799–1875) developed original concepts of a social state and a state governed by the rule of law are discussed in the article. An analysis of the state of European political and legal thought and identification of the factors that have a significant impact on the development of Robert von Mohl’s doctrine of a social state governed by the rule of law are the purposes of the scientific article. The methodological basis of the study was the dialectical-materialistic, general scientific (historical, systemic) and special (historical-legal, comparativelegal) methods of legal research. The method of reconstruction and interpretation of legal ideas had great importance. As a result of the study, it was concluded that in the first half of the 19th century in European political and legal thought various approaches was formed to consider the problems of social protection and how to resolve them. The development trend of European political science became the transition from ideas and principles formed in the conditions of police states and enlightened absolutism to the ideas of a state governed by the rule of law (constitutional) that protects the rights and freedoms of a citizen. At the same time, it was a question of the rights and freedoms of only a part of the population: the proletariat growing in number and significance was not always evaluated as an independent social stratum. The axiological principles of state justification have also changed. Rights and utility principle became dominant principles. In the first half of the 19th century the social issue as an independent scientific problem of the European political and legal thought was not posed and not systematically developed. Questions about the social essence of the state, the specifics of the implementation of the state social function, the features of public administration in the new stage of socio-economic development of society predetermined the emergence of the idea of a social state. This idea was comprehensively characterized in the Robert von Mohl’s works. He went down in the history of political and legal thought as founder of the concepts of social and governed by the rule of law state.

scholarly journals A Populist Monster and the future of Constitutional Democracy

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-100
Author(s):  
Andraž Teršek
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Constitutional Democracy ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Constitutional Courts ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The central objective of the post-socialist European countries which are also Member States of the EU and Council of Europe, as proclaimed and enshrined in their constitutions before their official independence, is the establishment of a democracy based on the rule of law and effective legal protection of fundamental human rights and freedoms. In this article the author explains what, in his opinion, is the main problem and why these goals are still not sufficiently achieved: the ruthless simplification of the understanding of the social function and functioning of constitutional courts, which is narrow, rigid and holistically focused primarily or exclusively on the question of whether the judges of these courts are “left or right” in purely daily-political sense, and consequently, whether constitutional court decisions are taken (described, understood) as either “left or right” in purely and shallow daily-party-political sense/manner. With nothing else between and no other foundation. The author describes such rhetoric, this kind of superficial labeling/marking, such an approach towards constitutional law-making as a matter of unbearable and unthinking simplicity, and introduces the term A Populist Monster. The reasons that have led to the problem of this kind of populism and its devastating effects on the quality and development of constitutional democracy and the rule of law are analyzed clearly and critically.

Civil society and the nature of urbanism: Britain, 1750–1850

Urban History ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Political Relationships ◽  
The Social ◽  
Making Choices ◽  
Urban Places

ABSTRACTThe concept of civil society provides a useful means of evaluating the social and political relationships of British towns. Civil society refers to the non-prescriptive relationships that lie between the state and kin. Such relationships are associated with the existence of the free market, the rule of law and a strong voluntary associational culture. Both theoretical analysis and historical evidence link civil society with the nature of urban places, their complexity, their function as a central place and their operation as a focus for flows of information. Between 1780 and 1820 the agencies of civil society in Britain provided an arena for making choices, for reasoned informed debate and for the collective provision and consumption of services in an open and pluralist manner.

The Role of the Constitutional Court in the Development of the Rule of Law in Kosovo

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-313
Author(s):  
Enver Hasani
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Constitutional History ◽  
Constitutional Courts ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Communist Countries

Kosovo’s Constitutional Court has played a role of paramount importance in the country’s recent history. The author uses a comparative analysis to discuss the role of the Court in light of the work and history of other European constitutional courts. This approach sheds light on the Court’s current role by analyzing Kosovo’s constitutional history, which shows that there has been a radical break with the past. This approach reveals the fact that Kosovo’s current Constitution does not reflect the material culture of the society of Kosovo. This radical break with the past is a result of the country’s tragic history, in which case the fight for constitutionalism means a fight for human dignity. In this battle for constitutionalism, the Court has been given very broad jurisdiction and a role to play in paving the way for Kosovo to move toward Euro-Atlantic integration in all spheres of life. Before reaching this conclusion, the author discusses the specificities of Kosovo’s transition, comparing it with other former communist countries. Among the specific features of constitutionalism in Kosovo are the role and position of the international community in the process of constitution-making and the overall design of constitutional justice in Kosovo. Throughout the article, a conclusion emerges that puts Kosovo’s Constitutional Court at the forefront of the fight for the rule of law and constitutionalism of liberal Western provenance.

scholarly journals Legal doctrine, legal science and protection of human rights (efficiency ratio)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Onischenko N.
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Current State ◽  
Legal Science ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The current state of Ukrainian society requires the scientific community to find answers to the general social impulses needed for reform strategies: from unconstructive attempts to replace the state with civil society to efforts aimed at their balanced interaction. It is the principle of social and political balance in the relationship between the rule of law and civil society should be the basis for correcting and correcting the unstable economic situation, overcoming acute social conflicts, establishing the rule of law, building a democratic state. It should be noted that it is quite clear that sometimes the implementation of a right requires at least not one, but clearly several opportunities, such as: economic, educational, social, gender, etc., existing in the relevant spatio-temporal continuum. Moreover, there is an indisputable thesis that there are no secondary or non-first-class or type of human rights, so every unrealized, not realized in time or not fully realized right, without a doubt, is based on the lack of, first of all, the corresponding real opportunities. It is also clear that the implementation of a certain right depends, for example, on the relevant regulations. we note that state-building processes, their dynamics, progressive trends depend on many factors. In this context, the interconnectedness of the development of a democratic, legal, social, European state and the formation of a mature, active, civil society was considered. Keywords: legal science, legal doctrine, human rights, rights and opportunities, legal development.

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