Extraction of Pesticides from Environmental Samples by Steam Distillation

Abstract Steam distillation was used to extract several pesticides from samples of soil, plant tissue, and air (by using polyurethane foam filters). The major advantages of steam distillation over most other procedures are the small amounts of organic solvent required (10 mL) and the elimination of extract cleanup. In addition, the procedure is reasonably rapid and requires no special laboratory glassware. Recoveries of 22 pesticides from fortified samples were >75%, except for toxaphene and methoxychlor; recoveries were greater for the more volatile pesticides. Steam distillation extraction recoveries of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides from weathered (33 years) soil samples, compared with exhaustive Soxhlet extraction, were similar, except for DDT residues which depended on soil type. DDT residue extraction from a muck by distillation was poor (only 21–60% compared with Soxhlet extraction). The procedure is apparently limited to fairly nonpolar pesticides that are stable in steam or heat.

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Theory of the equilibrium in a microapparatus for the isolation and concentration of organic substances from water by continuous steam distillation-extraction

Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications ◽

10.1135/cccc19852115 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 50 (10) ◽

pp. 2115-2121 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Václav Janda ◽

Bohuslav Doležal

Keyword(s):

Phase Equilibrium ◽

Organic Solvent ◽

Water Sample ◽

Organic Substance ◽

Concentration Factor ◽

Chromatographic Analysis ◽

Steam Distillation ◽

Organic Substances ◽

Azeotropic Mixtures ◽

Steam Distillation Extraction

The phase equilibrium establishing in a microapparatus designed for the isolation and concentration of organic substances from water by continuous steam distillation-extraction is treated. This technique, used for the preconcentration of water pollutants followed by the gas chromatographic analysis of the extract, is suitable for organic substances with boiling temperatures higher than that of water which form azeotropic mixtures with water, the boiling temperatures of which are lower than those of water and the organic substances themselves. The organic solvent used for the extraction must have a very low boiling temperature. The recovery from the whole procedure and the concentration factor depend on the volumes of the water sample and the organic solvent as well as on the volume of the space where the extraction of the organic substance from the aqueous condensate takes place.

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Study on the Different Method of Extraction of Star Anise Oil

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202021303035 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 213 ◽

pp. 03035

Author(s):

Haidi Cheng ◽

Tianmin Sun

Keyword(s):

Petroleum Ether ◽

Extraction Method ◽

Steam Distillation ◽

Acid Ethyl Ester ◽

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Extraction Rate ◽

Ultrasonic Extraction ◽

Star Anise ◽

Steam Distillation Extraction ◽

Method Of Extraction

The three reagents of anhydrous ethanol, petroleum ether and ethyl acetate were selected by soxlet extraction, steam distillation and ultrasonic extraction to extract the star anise oil from the fine anise powder. Three kinds of methods for extracting star anise oil were studied on different pattern organic solvent. The result of the different volume fractions of ethanol is that the highest extraction rate is 99.7% ethanol. It can be seen that the extraction rate are: ethanol > petroleum ether > acetic acid ethyl ester. The different methods of extracting the star anise oil shows that the extraction rate are: soxhlet extraction method > ultrasonic extraction method > steam distillation extraction method. In summary, it can be seen by soxhlet extraction method and the best solvent is 99.7% ethanol.

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Comparison of mentha extracts obtained by different extraction methods

Acta periodica technologica ◽

10.2298/apt0637145m ◽

2006 ◽

pp. 145-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Slavica Milic ◽

Zika Lepojevic ◽

Dusan Adamovic ◽

Ibrahim Mujic ◽

Zoran Zekovic

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Supercritical Fluid ◽

Steam Distillation ◽

Methylene Chloride ◽

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Quantitative Composition ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Steam Distillation Extraction

The different methods of mentha extraction, such as steam distillation, extraction by methylene chloride (Soxhlet extraction) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) by carbon dioxide (CO J were investigated. SFE by CO, was performed at pressure of 100 bar and temperature of40?C. The extraction yield, as well as qualitative and quantitative composition of obtained extracts, determined by GC-MS method, were compared.

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Quantification of Tire-Tread Particles Using Extractable Organic Zinc as Tracer

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/1.3538846 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 72 (5) ◽

pp. 969-977 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Patrik Fauser ◽

Jens Christian Tjell ◽

Hans Mosbaek ◽

Kim Pilegaard

Keyword(s):

Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽

Atomic Absorption ◽

Environmental Samples ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Absorption Spectrometry ◽

Soil Samples ◽

New Method ◽

Organic Zinc

Abstract A method for identifying and quantifying tire-tread particles in the environment has been developed. It is based on the measurement of extractable organic zinc. The high sensitivity of atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) with a heated graphite atomizer (HGA) permits assessment of submilligram amounts of tire debris in environmental samples. The analysis is performed on aerosol and soil samples. This new method is more accurate and faster than the previously reported IR method.

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Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons Categories Concentration in Soils Within the Vicinity Housing Heavy-Duty Diesel Generators in Three Universities in Port Harcourt South-South Nigeria

Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews ◽

10.33140/eesrr.04.01.07 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Keyword(s):

Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Health Hazard ◽

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Heavy Duty ◽

Flame Ionization ◽

Port Harcourt ◽

Diesel Generators ◽

Heavy Duty Diesel

Total petroleum hydrocarbons pollution of soil samples randomly collected from three Nigeria Universities in Port Harcourt due to the use of heavy-duty diesel generators was studied to ascertains the level of concentration of the different hydrocarbons’ categories. The soil samples were collected at two different depths of 0.00-0.50m and 0.50-1.00m. The Universities were Ignatius Ajuru University of Education (IAUE), Rivers State University (RSU) and University of Port Harcourt (UNIPORT). The different total petroleum hydrocarbons categories were Gasoline Range Organics (GRO), Diesel Range Organics (DRO) and Lube Oil Range. Soxhlet extraction method was used in extracting the samples and due column clean-up was performed for chromatographic analysis. Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector was used to determine the level of concentrations of the different categories of total petroleum hydrocarbons. The results showed that at 0.00-0.50m depth, IAUE was 4.42145, 945.4784, and 525.66919 mg/Kg for GRO, DRO and lube oil range respectively, RSU was not detected, 494.44799 and 458.6715 mg/Kg for GRO, DRO and lube oil range respectively and UNIPORT was 4.40920, 501.2246 and 467.71426 mg/Kg for GRO, DRO and lube oil range respectively. At 0.50-1.00m depth IAUE was 2.75132, 596.35126, and 311.84451 mg/Kg for GRO, DRO and lube oil range respectively, RSU was not detected, 298.06899 and 270.61619 mg/Kg for GRO, DRO and lube oil range respectively and UNIPORT was 2.77780, 301.74701 and 276.88684 mg/Kg for GRO, DRO and lube oil range respectively. The level of soil contamination Showed that GRO > DRO > lube oil range. The observation showed that hydrocarbon pollution decreased with increase in depth. The level of DRO and lube oil range in the studied areas exceeded the limit acceptable and therefore adequate steps should be taken to remedy the situation so that it will not pose any health hazard to the workers operating the heavy-duty generators.

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Diversity ofLeptospiraspp. in Rats and Environment from Urban Areas of Sarawak, Malaysia

Journal of Tropical Medicine ◽

10.1155/2017/3760674 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Chai Fung Pui ◽

Lesley Maurice Bilung ◽

Kasing Apun ◽

Lela Su’ut

Keyword(s):

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Water Samples ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Environmental Samples ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Prevalence Studies ◽

Pcr Method ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Soil And Water

Various prevalence studies onLeptospirain animals and humans, as well as environmental samples, had been conducted worldwide, including Malaysia. However, limited studies have been documented on the presence of pathogenic, intermediate, and saprophyticLeptospirain selected animals and environments. This study was therefore conducted to detectLeptospiraspp. in rats, soil, and water from urban areas of Sarawak using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. A total of 107 rats, 292 soil samples, and 324 water samples were collected from April 2014 to February 2015. PathogenicLeptospirawas present in 5.6% (6/107) of rats, 11.6% (34/292) of soil samples, and 1.9% (6/324) of water samples. IntermediateLeptospirawas present in 2.7% (8/292) of soil samples and 1.9% (6/324) of water samples. SaprophyticLeptospirawas present in 10.3% (11/107) of rats, 1.4% (4/292) of soil samples, and 0.3% (1/324) of water samples. From this study, 76Leptospiraspp. were isolated. Based on DNA sequencing, the dominantLeptospiraspp. circulating in urban areas of Sarawak are pathogenicLeptospira noguchii, intermediateLeptospira wolffiiserovar Khorat, and saprophyticLeptospira meyeri, respectively. Overall, this study provided important surveillance data on the prevalence ofLeptospiraspp. from rats and the environment, with dominant local serovars in urban areas of Sarawak.

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Determination of nonylphenol isomers in landfill leachate and municipal wastewater using steam distillation extraction coupled with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Journal of Chromatography A ◽

10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.109 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 1230 ◽

pp. 110-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Caixiang Zhang ◽

Robert P. Eganhouse ◽

James Pontolillo ◽

Isabelle M. Cozzarelli ◽

Yanxin Wang

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Landfill Leachate ◽

Municipal Wastewater ◽

Steam Distillation ◽

Time Of Flight ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽

Steam Distillation Extraction

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Gamma spectroscopy methodology for large amounts of environmental samples in Sweden 30 years after the Chernobyl accident

EPJ Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/epjconf/202023925002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 239 ◽

pp. 25002

Author(s):

Mattias Lantz ◽

Erik Andersson-Sundén ◽

Peter Andersson ◽

Abigail Barker ◽

Cecilia Gustavsson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chernobyl Accident ◽

Environmental Samples ◽

Hpge Detector ◽

Gamma Spectroscopy ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Biological Processes ◽

Transfer Factors ◽

Radon Daughters ◽

Citizen Science Project ◽

Swedish Citizen

In a Swedish citizen science project, more than 200 elementary school classes participated in collecting fungi, soil samples, and droppings from deer and wild boar, from all over Sweden. The samples have been sent to a laboratory at Uppsala University where they are being analyzed through gamma spectroscopy with a shielded HPGe detector. The main objective is to scan the samples for 137Cs from the Chernobyl accident and compare the data with measurements from 1986, but uptake of naturally occuring radionuclides like 40K and radon daughters will also be determined. Together with the soil samples, transfer factors will be derived, and correlations for these factors will be sought for different species of fungi and soil types. The potential for correlating the results with different biological processes will also be investigated, in part through the collected animal droppings. This is a work in progress where the present status of the experimental setup and methodology are presented. Issues with the initial approach for corrections are discussed and preliminary results are presented.

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Research on the Extraction of Dendranthema Morifolium Volatile Oils by Microwave-Assisted Steam Distillation Extraction

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.1049 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 634-638 ◽

pp. 1049-1053

Author(s):

Hui Lin Cao ◽

Shuang Ran Liang ◽

Yang Tian ◽

Zhi Ling Chen ◽

Jian Ping Chao

Keyword(s):

Extraction Method ◽

Steam Distillation ◽

Extraction Efficiency ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Volatile Oils ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Steam Extraction ◽

Steam Distillation Extraction ◽

Optimum Extraction ◽

Modern Technologies

Microwave-assisted steam extraction system combines the advantages of both conventional and modern technologies. MAE is probably going to be the leading technology in essential oil producing industry. In our research, one-factor and uniform experimental designs are used to determine the optimum extraction conditions, and the results are as follows: the extraction yield is measured as 2.30% with 3h of reflux time, when degree of pulverization is 90, immersing time is 3h, yield of solid to liquid equals 12: 1 ml/g. The chemicals in the production were examined by GC-MS. More than 40 kinds of chemicals were detected, which is consistent with that of the traditional steam extraction method. However, the extraction efficiency is dramatically increased when the steam extraction is assisted with microwave heating, and it is up to 3.8 times.

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