scholarly journals Live Performance and Meat Yield Responses of Broilers to Progressive Concentrations of Dietary Energy Maintained at a Constant Metabolizable Energy-to-Crude Protein Ratio

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Hidalgo ◽  
W.A. Dozier ◽  
A.J. Davis ◽  
R.W. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Yield Responses

The nutrition of meat-type ducks. 2. The effects of variation in the energy and protein contents of diets on biological performance and carcass characteristics

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 865 ◽  
Author(s):  
AP Siregar ◽  
RB Cumming ◽  
DJ Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Biological Performance ◽  
Good Agreement

In three experiments, ducklings aged 2 or 3 weeks were grown to 8 weeks of age on diets containing from 12 to 25 % crude protein, and from 11 .6 to 15.2 MJ metabolizable energy (ME)/kg 'as fed'. Generally the highest growth rates and best feed conversions were observed on diets with the highest energy content. A dietary protein content of about 12% was adequate for maximum growth, best feed conversion, and the highest protein efficiency ratio. Where comparison could be made, males grew faster than females. ME contents of the diet determined by total collection of excreta or its estimation using Cr2O3 were in good agreement. ME values for the diets declined as ducklings aged, as did nitrogen balance. Carcass protein decreased and carcass fat increased as the energy (kJ) to protein (%) ratio increased. Dressing percentage tended to increase with increasing dietary energy. Females had higher dressing percentages than males. It would appear that, for best growth rate and feed conversion, a low protein of 12-13 % and a high energy diet of about 14.0 MJ ME/kg, corresponding to an energy to protein ratio of about 1000, are adequate for ducks grown from 2 to 8 weeks. For maximum carcass lean, and minimum fat content, a low energy (kJ) to protein (%) ratio of about 600 is desirable. This corresponds to dietary concentrations of about 15 MJ/ME kg of diet and 24% crude protein.

scholarly journals Using Linear Equations Approach to Formulate Balanced and Least-Cost Ration for Dairy Cattl

2021 ◽  
Vol 910 (1) ◽  
pp. 012089
Author(s):  
Sary Mahir Ailia Shaawi ◽  
Noor Ezat Jalil Astefan
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Mathematical Formulas ◽  
The Cost

Abstract The main objective of this study was to find an effective way to use linear equations for the purpose of creating a balanced ration at the lowest possible cost for dairy cattle by using linear equations and solving these equations through the Solver tool provided by MS-Excel. Samples of barley, corn, wheat bran, soybean meal and wheat straw were collected from the local markets and the necessary chemical analyzes were performed for them. after that the mathematical formulas of the linear equations were developed according to the specified constraints for crude protein ratio, value of metabolizable energy and the percentage of each calcium and phosphorus, which meets the needs of a medium-production dairy cow (15 kg) and weighting (650 kg). then the data was entered into Microsoft Excel and the equations were solved by Solver tool. The results showed a superior ability of linear equations to solve the problems consisting of several variables where the feed was formed by mixing barley, Corn, wheat bran, soybean meal, wheat hay, calcium phosphate and salt in proportions ( 5, 17.91, 50, 10.76, 13.66, 1.64 and 1) respectively, The cost of the feed mixture was (268.6 $/ton), which is the lowest possible cost for a ration that meets the required needs, linear programming will provide the animal breeders efficiency with the highest production by reducing the costs and balancing of the ration through the steps described in the search.

scholarly journals Metabolizable energy levels for meat quails from 15 to 35 days of age

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1852-1857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Cunha Lima Muniz ◽  
Sérgio Luiz de Toledo Barreto ◽  
Raquel Mencalha ◽  
Gabriel da Silva Viana ◽  
Renata de Souza Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Metabolizable Energy Intake

ABSTRACT: This trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of dietetic metabolizable energy levels on performance and carcass traits of meat quails from 15 to 35 days old. Five hundred sixty, 15-d old, meat quails were randomly assigned to five treatments (2.850; 2.950; 3.050; 3.150 e 3.250kcal of ME kg-1 of diet), with eight replicates and fourteen birds per experimental unit. Feed intake, protein and lysine intake and feed conversion decreased linearly as the metabolizable energy content of diets increased (P<0.01), whereas metabolizable energy intake, body weight, weight gain and viability were not affected (P>0.05) by the treatments. Diets did not influence (P>0.05) carcass traits as dry matter, moisture and protein content in carcass. However a quadratic effect (P<0.04) were observed on carcass fat content. Based on these results, the adequate metabolizable energy level to ensure better meat quails' growth is 3.250kcal of ME kg-1 diet, that corresponds to a metabolizable energy: crude protein ratio of 139,24.

scholarly journals Effect of varying dietary energy to protein ratio in creep feed on feed intake, growth performance and nutrient digestibility of pre-weaning Boer goats.

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-97
Author(s):  
Siti Noor Zalikha Razali ◽  
Wan Zahari Mohamed ◽  
Mohd Mokhtar Arshad ◽  
Abdul Rahman Aziz ◽  
Nur Hardy Abu Daud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Creep Feed ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary energy-to-protein ratios in the creep feed on feed intake, growth performance and nutrient digestibility of Boer kids before weaning. Twenty-four Boer kids, one months of age which were randomly divided into four treatment groups, with each group consisting of three males and three females. The animals were fed formulated creep feeds with varying metabolizable energy (ME) (MJ/kg DM) and crude protein (CP) contents as follows: 10 MJ ME/kg to 17% CP (Group 1, control), 10 MJ ME/kg to 18% CP (Group 2), 10 MJ ME/kg to 18% CP (Group 3) and 12 MJ ME/kg to 22% CP (Group 4). Throughout 67 days of the trial period, feed intake was found to be more in Group 3 (P < 0.05) compared to other groups. Dry matter intake (DMI) reduced in Group 4 when energy-to-protein ratio was increased. No significant difference (P > 0.05) were observed in live weight gain (LWG), body measurements and body condition score (BCS) between treatments. LWG for Groups 2 and 3 were found to be higher than the other groups. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) for Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 2.21: 1, 2.50: 1, 3.57: 1 and 4.65: 1, respectively. Significant difference (P < 0.05) was only observed in digestibility of crude protein where Group 4 had the highest percentage of CP digestibility, however, was not translated into better BW gain in the animals of this group. The results from this study suggested that dietary formulation that contained 10 MJ ME/kg to 17% CP was sufficient to Boer goat kids at the pre-weaning stage based on LWG, body measurement, BCS and FCR.

scholarly journals Prediction of metabolizable energy values in poultry offal meal for broiler chickens

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 2237-2245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edney Pereira da Silva ◽  
Carlos Bôa-Viagem Rabello ◽  
Luiz Fernando Teixeira Albino ◽  
Jorge Victor Ludke ◽  
Michele Bernardino de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Gross Energy

This research aimed at generating and evaluating prediction equations to estimate metabolizable energy values in poultry offal meal. The used information refers to values of apparent and true metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn and TMEn) and for chemical composition of poultry offal meal. The literature review only included published papers on poultry offal meal developed in Brazil, and that had AMEn and TMEn values obtained by the total excreta collection method from growing broiler chickens and the chemical composition in crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), mineral matter (MM), gross energy (GE), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P). The general equation obtained to estimate AMEn values of poultry offal meal was: AMEn = -2315.69 + 31.4439(CP) + 29.7697(MM) + 0.7689(GE) - 49.3611(Ca), R² = 72%. For meals with high fat contents (higher than 15%) and low mineral matter contents (lower than 10%), it is suggest the use of the equation AMEn = + 3245.07 + 46.8428(EE), R² = 76%, and for meals with high mineral matter content (higher than 10%), it is suggest the equations AMEn = 4059.15 - 440.397(P), R² = 82%. To estimate values of TMEn, it is suggested for meals with high mineral matter content the equation: TMEn = 5092.57 - 115.647(MM), R² = 78%, and for those with low contents of this component, the option is the equation: TMEn = 3617.83 - 15.7988(CP) - 18.2323(EE) - 96.3884(MM) + 0.4874(GE), R² = 76%.

scholarly journals Growth Performance, Meat Yield, and Economic Responses of Broilers Fed Diets Varying in Metabolizable Energy from Thirty to Fifty-Nine Days of Age

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.A. Dozier ◽  
C.J. Price ◽  
M.T. Kidd ◽  
A. Corzo ◽  
J. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Meat Yield

NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF HEAT TREATED WHOLE SOYBEANS

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. ARNOLD ◽  
J. D. SUMMERS ◽  
W. K. BILANSKI
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Toxic Factors ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Quantity Of Heat

The heat treatment of whole soybeans was investigated, with consideration for oven temperature, process time and the initial moisture content of the beans, with a view to optimizing the removal of the toxic factors and enhancing the feed utilization of the soybean. Two purified diets equal in both crude protein level and classical metabolizable energy level were used. One of the diets consisted of ground whole soybeans (both heat treated and raw), whereas the other diet, containing commercial soybean meal as the only source of protein, provided the control for the tests. Male, White Leghorn cockerel chicks were selected on a weight basis and randomized in battery pens. The experimental treatments were assigned at random to pens and the chicks were provided feed and water ad libitum. Three experiments were conducted using soybeans with initial moisture of 10, 12.5 and 16% and heat treatment for 10, 5 and 3 minutes in a still-air oven within a temperature range of 149–246 C. Certain combinations of time and temperature not only promoted weight gains and feed efficiencies superior to those of the commercial diet, but also resulted in minimal pancreatic hypertrophy. The data obtained reaffirmed that a critical quantity of heat is required to deactivate the toxic factors and to ensure maximum nutritive availability.

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