scholarly journals Metabolizable energy levels for meat quails from 15 to 35 days of age

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1852-1857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Cunha Lima Muniz ◽  
Sérgio Luiz de Toledo Barreto ◽  
Raquel Mencalha ◽  
Gabriel da Silva Viana ◽  
Renata de Souza Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Metabolizable Energy Intake

ABSTRACT: This trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of dietetic metabolizable energy levels on performance and carcass traits of meat quails from 15 to 35 days old. Five hundred sixty, 15-d old, meat quails were randomly assigned to five treatments (2.850; 2.950; 3.050; 3.150 e 3.250kcal of ME kg-1 of diet), with eight replicates and fourteen birds per experimental unit. Feed intake, protein and lysine intake and feed conversion decreased linearly as the metabolizable energy content of diets increased (P<0.01), whereas metabolizable energy intake, body weight, weight gain and viability were not affected (P>0.05) by the treatments. Diets did not influence (P>0.05) carcass traits as dry matter, moisture and protein content in carcass. However a quadratic effect (P<0.04) were observed on carcass fat content. Based on these results, the adequate metabolizable energy level to ensure better meat quails' growth is 3.250kcal of ME kg-1 diet, that corresponds to a metabolizable energy: crude protein ratio of 139,24.

The nutritional value for meat chickens of water-damaged wheat from temporary bulk stores in Queensland

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 621 ◽  
Author(s):  
PF Mannion ◽  
BJ Blaney ◽  
MS Levitt
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Progressive Reduction ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
And Control

The nutritional value of water-damaged wheat and free-flowing wheat from temporary bulk stores at Goondiwindi was determined. Each was fed to meat chickens as the sole grain component or combined in several proportions, and compared with a control wheat in diets of similar nutrient composition. In addition, the nutrient composition of water-damaged and free-flowing wheat from temporary stores at Meeandarra, Thallon, Jandowae and Millmerran in southern Queensland was determined.A progressive reduction in the ratio of total amino acids to crude protein (0.98-0-70 w/w) and innitrogen-free extract (789-685 g kg-1 dry matter) was associated with increasing severity of water damage. Ether extract and gross energy contents of the dry matter were low in water-damaged wheat from all sites, but only the wheat with the most damage had a lower metabolizable energy content (12.99 versus 14.12 MJ kg-1) in the dry matter and as a proportion of gross energy (71% versus 76%) than free-flowing wheat from the same site.The three diets containing high levels of rotten (two diets) and severely water-damaged wheat (one diet) resulted in an average liveweight gain (26.1 g day-1) and feed conversion (1.86) which was poorer than that of the free-flowing wheat (28.1 g day-1, 1.59) and the average of other less water-damaged wheat treatments (29.7 g day-1, 1.57). The higher average liveweight gain of the latter treatments relative to the free-flowing wheat and control (27.3 g day-1) treatments was significant but was not reflected in better feed conversion. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed.

The nutrition of meat-type ducks. 2. The effects of variation in the energy and protein contents of diets on biological performance and carcass characteristics

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 865 ◽  
Author(s):  
AP Siregar ◽  
RB Cumming ◽  
DJ Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Biological Performance ◽  
Good Agreement

In three experiments, ducklings aged 2 or 3 weeks were grown to 8 weeks of age on diets containing from 12 to 25 % crude protein, and from 11 .6 to 15.2 MJ metabolizable energy (ME)/kg 'as fed'. Generally the highest growth rates and best feed conversions were observed on diets with the highest energy content. A dietary protein content of about 12% was adequate for maximum growth, best feed conversion, and the highest protein efficiency ratio. Where comparison could be made, males grew faster than females. ME contents of the diet determined by total collection of excreta or its estimation using Cr2O3 were in good agreement. ME values for the diets declined as ducklings aged, as did nitrogen balance. Carcass protein decreased and carcass fat increased as the energy (kJ) to protein (%) ratio increased. Dressing percentage tended to increase with increasing dietary energy. Females had higher dressing percentages than males. It would appear that, for best growth rate and feed conversion, a low protein of 12-13 % and a high energy diet of about 14.0 MJ ME/kg, corresponding to an energy to protein ratio of about 1000, are adequate for ducks grown from 2 to 8 weeks. For maximum carcass lean, and minimum fat content, a low energy (kJ) to protein (%) ratio of about 600 is desirable. This corresponds to dietary concentrations of about 15 MJ/ME kg of diet and 24% crude protein.

scholarly journals Evaluation of different corn textures in dry grain or silage forms for piglets from 7 to 15 kg

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1757-1761
Author(s):  
José Vieira Neto ◽  
Vinícius de Souza Cantarelli ◽  
Elias Tadeu Fialho ◽  
Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo ◽  
Nikolas de Oliveira Amaral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Large White ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Independent Form ◽  
Ensilage Corn

The objective of this study was to evaluate different textures and storage forms of corn in piglet diets. Two experiments were conducted, one of which tested digestibility of nutrients and the other diet performance. In the digestibility trial, 24 crossbred (Landrace X Large White) barrows with an initial weight of 18.7 ± 1.5 kg were used. They were kept in metabolic cages in a randomized block design using the factorial arrangement 2 X 2 (type of corn - dent and flint X type of storage - moist grain silage and dry grain) and six replicates, with one animal as the experimental unit. The values of metabolizable energy (ME) obtained were 3841 kcal of ME/kg of dry matter (DM) from dry corn, 3912 kcal of ME/kg of DM from moist corn, 4022 kcal of DM from ensiled dry corn and 3928 kcal of ME/kg of DM from ensiled humidity corn. The ensilage process increases the digestibility coefficient of dry matter and crude protein and increases the digestible energy of the diets, independent of the process form. The type of corn did not influence these variables. In the performance trial, 60 barrows (initial weight of 6.5 ± 1.5 kg) of the same stock were used during 28 days of post-weaning distributed in the same experimental design, with five replicates and three animals as the experimental unit. The treatments did not influence the daily weigh gain or the daily feed intake. The dentate corn and the ensilage process decreased the feed conversion of the independent form (no significant interaction). The substitution of dry for ensilage corn increased the digestibility of the nutrients in the diets and the feed conversion of the piglets from 7 to 15 kg. Dentate corn promotes best feed conversion in this phase.

scholarly journals Effect of protein and energy levels in a constant ratio supplemented with methionine and lysine on performance of layers and on egg quality.

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
A.R. El Boushy ◽  
L.G.M. van Gils ◽  
M.C. Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Constant Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Egg Weight

Twenty groups of 36 laying hens in individual cages were fed on one of 5 diets in which the energy:protein ratio was constant. Diets 1 to 5 had crude protein 12.0, 12.9, 14.0, 15.0 and 16.0% and metabolizable energy 8.71, 9.57, 10.27, 11.10 and 11.70 MJ/kg. From 24 to 64 weeks old, egg production of hens given diets 1 to 5 was 71.46, 71.31, 72.51, 71.13 and 69.99%, respectively. Corresponding values of mean egg weight, weekly feed intake and efficiency of feed conversion were 60.51, 60.47, 61.11, 61.02, 61.07 g; 157.16, 147.56, 142.03, 130.37, 126.72 g; 3.674, 3.460, 3.262, 3.031, 3.014 kg feed/kg egg, respectively. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Fattening systems for sheep in western Victoria. 1. The influence of hay quality and of proportion of oats in the ration on the performance of Corriedale wethers

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (86) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
DS Gillespie ◽  
JW McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Metabolizable Energy Intake ◽  
Western Victoria

An experiment at Hamilton in western Victoria from June to October 1972 examined the feasibility of fattening two-year-old Corriedale wethers from 30 to 50 kg liveweight when fed simple rations in feedlots. Using a factorial design, treatments compared were mid-season or late cut pasture hay offered ad libitum and oat grain fed at 0, 0.25, 0.50 kg head-1 day-1 or ad libitum. Two additional groups were set stocked on green pasture; one of them was offered oat grain ad libitum. Performance of sheep in the feedlot (intake, liveweight and carcase gain, feed conversion and wool production) was influenced by hay type and level of oat feeding. Liveweight gain over the period of feeding increased linearly until oats comprised about 50 per cent of the daily dry matter intake, but the highest liveweight gain in the feedlot (127 g day-1) occurred when sheep were given a ration consisting of 25 per cent mid-season hay and 75 per cent oats. Sheep on pasture gained at an average of 146 g day-1. Irrespective of composition of the ration, liveweight gain increased by 20 g day1, carcase weight by 15 g day-1 and wool by 1.7 g day -1 for each additional MJ of metabolizable energy intake.

scholarly journals Comparative study of the nutritive values of the different varieties of rice straw

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Rahman ◽  
MR Alam ◽  
MR Amin ◽  
NG Das
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
P Content ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Key Words Rice

Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2010, 39(1&2): 75-82 This study was conducted to investigate the nutritional quality. The Dry matter (DM), Organic matter (OM), Crude protein (CP), Acid detergent fibre (ADF), Neutral detergent fibre (NDF), lignin, Ca and P contents of Pajam, Nijershail, Kablabadam, BR 11, BINA 5 and BRRI 29 varieties of rice straw varied from 92.21 to 93.05%, 81.21 to 86.24%, 3.49 to 5.10%, 41.38 to 46.32%, 72.16 to 77.57%, 4.3 to 6.97%, 0.10 to 0.245% and 0.046 to 0.146%, respectively. The OM content in Nijershail was significantly higher (P<0.01) than Kablabadam, BR 11, BRRI 29, Pajam and BINA 5, respectively. The variety BRRI 29 contained significantly higher (P<0.01) CP content (5.1%) than BINA 5, BR 11, Pajam, Nijershail and Kablabadam, respectively. Significantly (P<0.01) higher NDF content was found in BR 11 (77.57%) followed by Kablabadam, Nijershail, Pajam, BRRI 29 and BINA 5, respectively. Acid deter gut Fibre (ADF) content was significantly (P<0.05) higher in Nijershail (46.32%) than Kablabadam, BR 11, BINA 5, Pajam and BRRI 29, respectively. Significantly (P<0.01) higher lignin content was found in BRRI 29 (6.97%) compared to Kablabadam, BINA 5, Pajam, Nijershail and BR 11, respectively. The Ca content in Pajam and BR 11 was significantly (P<0.01) higher (0.245%) than Nijershail, BRRI 29, Kablabadam and BINA 5, respectively. BRRI 29 contained significantly (P<0.01) higher P content (0.146%) compared to BINA 5, Pajam, Nijershail, Kablabadam and BR 11, respectively. Organic Matter (OM) digestibility, and ME content in BRRI 29 was significantly (P<0.01) higher followed Nijershail, BINA 5, Pajam, Kablabadam and BR 11, respectively. Straw of BRRI 29 is expected to provide more nutrients, digestible organic nutrients and metabolizable energy to ruminants. Key words: Rice straw; Chemical composition; Energy content; Digestibility DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v39i1-2.9679 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2010, 39(1&2): 75-82

PSX-4 Performance of lambs born from ewes fed with different energy levels

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 468-469
Author(s):  
Luciano Brochine ◽  
Giuliana M Oliveira ◽  
Mayara S Pascotto ◽  
Mônica M Silva ◽  
Luisa Elena P Villa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Mean Values

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance, under confinement conditions, of lambs born from ewes fed different energy levels during the final gestation and lactation period. Seventy-one ewes were distributed in two treatments according to the metabolizable energy (ME) levels in the diet: CTL = according to the NRC (2007) recommendations for each stage (gestation and lactation); PLUS = CTL plus 10% of energy per kilogram of dry matter. The total ME intake for the CTL group was 4 and 4.2 Mcal/day during the end of gestation and lactation, respectively, and for the Plus group, the ME intake were 4.8 and 5 Mcal/day. Thirty-five intact male lambs were weaned at 60 days and confined for an additional 60 days. In confinement, lambs were fed ad libitum with the same experimental diet their ewes received. The experimental design was analyzed as randomized complete blocks. The metabolic weight (BW0.75) at the confinement was influenced by maternal nutrition. Lambs of ewes fed with lower energy content were lighter compared to the PLUS group. At the beginning and the end of the confinement, the BW0.75 of the CTL was 8.80 and 15 kg0.75, and the PLUS was 11.4 and 17.6 kg0.75, respectively (P &lt; 0.0001). The maternal diet containing higher energy content resulted in heavier carcass for commercialization. The values of weight gain and feed conversion were not influenced by maternal nutrition (P &gt; 0.005), with mean values of 350 and 4.72 g/d, respectively. We concluded that lambs from ewes fed with greater energy intake had heavier body weights at the beginning and at the end of the confinement, possibly increasing the sustainability of the meat lamb production systems.

Foraging efficiency: energy expenditure versus energy gain in free-ranging black-tailed deer

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 442-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine L. Parker ◽  
Michael P. Gillingham ◽  
Thomas A. Hanley ◽  
Charles T. Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy Intake ◽  
Free Ranging

Foraging efficiency (metabolizable energy intake/energy expenditure when foraging) was determined over a 2-year period in nine free-ranging Sitka black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis) in Alaska, and related to foraging-bout duration, distances travelled, and average speeds of travel. We calculated the energy-intake component from seasonal dry matter and energy content, dry matter digestibility, and a metabolizable energy coefficient for each plant species ingested. We estimated energy expenditures when foraging as the sum of energy costs of standing, horizontal and vertical locomotion, sinking depths in snow, and supplementary expenditures associated with temperatures outside thermoneutrality. Energy intake per minute averaged 4.0 times more in summer than winter; energy expenditure was 1.2 times greater in summer. Animals obtained higher amounts of metabolizable energy with higher amounts of energy invested. Energy intake during foraging bouts in summer was 2.5 times the energy invested; in contrast, energy intake during winter was only 0.7 times the energy expended. Changes in body mass of deer throughout the year increased asymptotically with foraging efficiency, driven primarily by the rate of metabolizable energy intake. Within a season, summer intake rates and winter rates of energy expediture had the greatest effects on the relation between foraging efficiency and mass status. Seasonal changes in foraging efficiency result in seasonal cycles in body mass and condition in black-tailed deer. Body reserves accumulated during summer, however, are essential for over-winter survival of north-temperate ungulates because energy demands cannot be met by foraging alone.

scholarly journals Intake, gain and carcass traits of Hereford and Charolais bulls offered diets based on triticale, barley and grass silages

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arto Kalevi Huuskonen ◽  
Seija Jaakkola ◽  
Katariina Manni
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Barley Silage

Total mixed rations (TMR) based on grass silage (GS), triticale silage (TS), mixture of GS and TS, barley silage (BS) and mixture of GS and BS were fed to fifty Hereford (HF) and fifty Charolais (CH) bulls. The proportion (g kg-1 dry matter [DM]) of the silages in the TMRs were as follows: (1) GS (600); (2) TS (600); (3) GS (300) and TS (300); (4) BS (600); (5) GS (300) and BS (300). Concentrate proportion was 400 g kg-1 DM. According to feed analyses, the GS had 15 and 8% higher metabolizable energy (ME) concentration as well as 51 and 49% higher crude protein (CP) concentration compared to TS and BS, respectively. Average DM intake (DMI) on TS and BS containing diets was higher compared to GS as a sole forage (p=0.001). Compared to the TS based rations the use of BS rations increased daily DMI by 5% (p<0.05). In CH bulls, DMI decreased 0.8 kg d-1when GS partially replaced TS or BS while in HF bulls the use of silage mixtures slightly increased DMI (0.23 kg d-1). The live weight gain (LWG) and carcass gain of the CH bulls were 5 and 26% higher, respectively, compared to the HF bulls. Inclusion of GS in the diet increased LWG and carcass gain with TS but decreased them with BS (interaction p<0.01). The experiment demonstrated lower feeding value of TS compared to BS in the diet of the bulls. Whole crop silage based rations increased DMI compared to GS as a sole forage in the TMR. When GS partially replaced TS or BS, interactions in LWG and carcass gain results demonstrated higher feeding value for BS and lower for TS compared to GS. Feeding treatments had only minor effects on carcass traits of the bulls.

scholarly journals Combined supplementation of chromium-yeast and selenium-yeast on finishing barrows

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Puhl Rodrigues ◽  
Charles Kiefer ◽  
Karina Márcia Ribeiro de Souza Nascimento ◽  
Anderson Corassa ◽  
Elis Regina de Moraes Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Selenium Yeast ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
Combined Supplementation ◽  
Chromium Yeast ◽  
Metabolizable Energy Intake

ABSTRACT: The present study was performed to evaluate the association of chromium-yeast and selenium-yeast as nutritional additives to enhance performance and quantitative characteristics in the carcass of finishing barrows. A total of 48 barrows, commercial hybrid, with initial weight of 68.3±3.5 kg and final weight of 99.6±3.6 kg, were utilized for the study. The animals were distributed in a randomized complete block design, consisting of three levels of chromium-yeast and selenium-yeast (i.e., without supplementation of chromium-yeast and selenium-yeast, supplementation of 0.4 mg kg-1 chromium-yeast and 0.3 mg kg-1 selenium-yeast, and supplementation of 0.8 mg kg-1 chromium-yeast and 0.6 mg kg-1 selenium-yeast) with eight replicates and two animals per experimental unit. The supplementation of chromium and selenium-yeast did not significantly affect (P>0.05) the average daily feed intake, digestible lysine, crude protein and metabolizable energy intake, average daily weight gain, feed conversion, weight and carcass length, back fat thickness, muscle depth, percentage and amount of lean meat, and carcass allowance. These findings suggest that supplementation of chromium and selenium-yeast does not affect the performance or quantitative characteristics in the carcass of finishing barrows.

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