scholarly journals 4 Effects of cooled floor pads and cooled drinking water on behavior of lactating sows under heat stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 2-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzhi Li ◽  
Maria Lou ◽  
Michael Reese ◽  
Eric Buchanan ◽  
Lee J Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Control Room ◽  
Treatment Room ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Birth Time

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate whether cooled floor pads and cooled drinking water could alleviate negative impacts of heat stress on lactating sows. Sows (n = 32; parity=1 to 6) farrowed in individual stalls in two rooms. In the treatment room, a cooling pad (56 cm×56 cm×5 cm deep) was embedded in the floor of each stall where the sow’s shoulder or chest rested while lying. The pad and water in the drinker were cooled to about 16°C and 15°C, respectively. The control room was identical except cooling pads were not operating and drinking water was at room temperature. Room temperatures were controlled at 29.4°C (0700h to 1900h) and 23.9°C (1900h to 0700h) in both rooms. Sixteen focal sows (8 per room) were video-recorded during farrowing, and days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 after farrowing. Videos were viewed continuously to register birth time of each piglet. Number of drinking bouts and duration of each bout were registered for 2 h (1530h to 1730h) each video-recording day. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. Number of piglets born was used as a covariate for analysis of farrowing behaviors. No significant difference was detected for litter size born (14.1 for control vs. 15.1 piglet/litter for treatment, SE=1.33; P = 0.61), still birth (0.6 vs. 1.1 piglets/litter, SE=0.28; P = 0.31), or birth interval (14.6 vs. 14.8 min, SE=1.78; P = 0.95). Frequency of drinking bouts (2.8 for control vs. 4.2 drinks/2h for treatment, SE=0.50; P = 0.12) and duration of drinking bouts (10.5 vs. 12.0 sec/bout, SE=0.84; P = 0.21) were not affected by treatment across observation days. However, cooled sows reduced rectal temperature (39.3 vs. 39.6 °C, SE=0.11; P = 0.04) compared to control sows, suggesting cooled sows may have experienced less heat stress. These results indicate that cooled floor pads combined with chilled drinking water could be effective in reducing heat stress in lactating sows

scholarly journals Effects of cooled floor pads combined with chilled drinking water on behavior and performance of lactating sows under heat stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Zhu ◽  
L J Johnston ◽  
M H Reese ◽  
E S Buchanan ◽  
J E Tallaksen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Drinking Frequency

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate whether cooled floor pads combined with chilled drinking water could alleviate negative impacts of heat stress on lactating sows. Thirty sows (Landrace × Yorkshire, Parity = 1 to 6) were housed in individual farrowing stalls in two rooms with temperatures being controlled at 29.4°C (0700–1900 hours) and 23.9°C (1900–0700 hours). Sows in one room (Cool), but not in the other room (Control) were provided cooled floor pads (21–22°C) and chilled drinking water (13–15°C). Behavior of sows (15 sows/treatment) was video recorded during farrowing, and days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 after farrowing. Videos were viewed continuously to register the birth time of each piglet, from which total farrowing duration and birth intervals were calculated. The number of drinking bouts and the duration of each drinking bout were registered for each sow through viewing videos continuously for 2 h (1530–1730 hours) each video-recording day. Postures (lying laterally, lying ventrally, sitting, and standing) were recorded by scanning video recordings at 5-min intervals for 24 h each video-recording day, and time budget for each posture was calculated. Rectal temperature and respiration rate were measured for all sows the day before and after farrowing, and then once weekly. Sow and litter performance was recorded. Data were analyzed using the Glimmix procedure of SAS. The cooling treatment did not affect sow behavior or litter performance. Sows in the Cool room had lower rectal temperature (P = 0.03) and lower respiration rate (P < 0.001), consumed more feed (P = 0.03), tended to have reduced weight loss (P = 0.07), and backfat loss (P = 0.07) during lactation than sows in the Control room. As lactation progressed, sows increased drinking frequency (P < 0.001) and time spent lying ventrally (P < 0.0001), standing (P < 0.001), and sitting (P < 0.0001), and decreased time spent lying laterally (P < 0.0001) in both Cool and Control rooms. While cooled floor pads combined with chilled drinking water did not affect sow behavior, they did alleviate heat stress partially, as indicated by decreased rectal temperature, respiration rate, weight, and backfat loss, and increased feed intake in lactating sows.

scholarly journals PSV-6 Effects of chilled drinking water and cooled floor pads on behavior of lactating sows under heat stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 153-154
Author(s):  
Yuzhi Li ◽  
Yunhui Zhu ◽  
Michael Reese ◽  
Eric Buchanan ◽  
Lee Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Drinking Frequency ◽  
And Control

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate effects of chilled drinking water and cooled floor pads on behavior of lactating sows under heat stress. Sows were housed in individual farrowing stalls in two rooms with temperatures being controlled at 29.4°C (0700h to 1900h) and 23.9°C (1900h to 0700h). Sows in one room (treatment), but not in the other room (control) were provided with chilled drinking water (13 to 15°C) and cooled floor pads (15 to 18°C). Behavior of sows (n=15 sows/treatment; parity=1 to 6) was video recorded during farrowing, and d 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 after farrowing. Videos were viewed to register birth time of each piglet. Number of drinking bouts and duration of each bout were registered for 2 h (1530h to 1730h) each day after farrowing. Postures (lying laterally, lying ventrally, sitting, and standing) were recorded by scanning video-recordings at 5-min intervals for 24 h each day after farrowing, and time budget for each posture was calculated. Data were analyzed using the Glimmix Procedure of SAS. No effect of treatment was detected for litter size born, farrowing duration, or birth interval (P >0.33; Table 1). Neither frequency nor duration of drinking bouts was affected by treatment (P >0.27). No significant difference was observed in time budget for each posture (P >0.46) between treatment and control groups. As lactation progressed, sows increased drinking frequency (from 1.2 drinks/2h on d 1 to 4.9 drinks/2h on d 21; P< 0.001) and time spent lying ventrally (8% to 14%; P< 0.0001), standing (4% to 10%; P< 0.001), and sitting (2% to 4%; P< 0.0001), and decreased time spent lying laterally (86% to 67%; P< 0.0001) in both control and treatment rooms. These results indicate that chilled drinking water and cooled floor pads did not affect behavior of sows during farrowing and lactation in the current study.

scholarly journals Pertambahan Bobot Badan dan Waktu Pembusukan Daging Ayam Broiler yang Diberi Ekstrak Jaloh Dikombinasi dengan Kromium

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Sugito Sugito ◽  
Erdiansyah Rahmi ◽  
Azhari Azhari ◽  
M. Isa
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The gain body weight and Spoilage of meat broiler which giving jaloh extract to combine with chromiumABSTRACT. A study was conducted on broiler chickens under heat stress to evaluate the effect of combined jaloh (Salix tetrasperma Roxb) extract with chromium mineral in the body weight, value of feed ratio conversion, and time to meat to become decomposed. Twenty four of 20-day old Cobb female broiler chickens were randomly assigned and divided to 4 treatment groups. Completely randomized design was used in this study. The treatments were as follows: 1) chickens given no heat stress and jaloh extract nor chromium (tCp); 2) chickens under heat stress without given jaloh extract nor chromium (Cp); 3) chickens under heat stress and given jaloh extract in 1.000 mg/lt drinking water (Cp+Ej); and 4) chickens under heat stress, given jaloh extract in 1.000 mg/lt drinking water, and chromium in 1.000 ug/lt drinking water (Cp+Ej+Cr). Heat stress given was 33 ± 1oC of cage temperature during 4 hours per day within 15 days. Jaloh extract and chromium treatments in drinking water were given at 2 hour before cage temperature reaching 33 ± 1oC and were stopped being given after 1 hour, when cage temperature back to room temperature. On the 16th day of the study chickens were measured before slaughtered. Samples obtained were chicken meat that taken from breast part (musculus pectoralis). The result suggested that either giving jaloh extract per se at the dose of 1.000 mg/lt in drinking water or combine it with chromium that given two hours before cage temperature reaching 33 ± 1oC, can prevent chickens from decreasing their body weight, decreasing value of feed ratio convertion, and extending time to meat to become decomposed.

scholarly journals 152 Effects of a solar-powered cooling system on performance of heat-stressed lactating sows

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 145-146
Author(s):  
Lee Johnston ◽  
Mike Reese ◽  
Eric Buchanan ◽  
Yuzhi Li ◽  
Adrienne Hilbrands ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Electric Heating ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Solar Array ◽  
Control Room ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Solar Powered

Abstract We hypothesized that a solar-powered system designed to cool heat-stressed sows would improve sow performance and reduce use of fossil fuels in farrowing rooms. To test this hypothesis, we used two mirror-image, farrowing rooms equipped with 16 farrowing stalls each. Each farrowing stall in the COOLED room was equipped with a cooled flooring insert (Nooyen Manufacturing) under the sow and a single nipple drinker delivering chilled drinking water. Circulating water cooled by a water-source heat pump that was powered by a 20 kW photovoltaic solar array cooled the floor inserts (15 to 18°C) and chilled the drinking water (13 to 15°C). Heat harvested from sows partially warmed water (43 to 48°C) that circulated through pads in the piglet creep area. The CONTROL room was nearly identical to the COOLED room except there was no cooling and supplemental heat for piglets was provided by one heat lamp (125 W) per farrowing stall or an electric heating pad (Innovative Heating Technologies). Three farrowing groups were studied during summer and room heaters kept rooms above 24°C to ensure sows were heat stressed. Electric consumption in COOLED and CONTROL rooms was measured. Data were analyzed using Proc Glimmix with room treatment as a fixed effect and farrowing group as a random effect. The cooling system reduced sow respiration rate and body temperature (Table 1) which increased feed intake and reduced weight loss of sows over the 21-day lactation. However, the cooling system did not increase litter size or weight at weaning. Electricity use in the CONTROL room (26.4 kWh/d) was lower (P< 0.01) than the COOLED room (79.6 kWh/d). The solar array produced 91 kWh/d on average. In conclusion, the cooling system studied partially mitigated heat stress of lactating sows but did not improve sow performance and did not noticeably reduce consumption of fossil fuels.

scholarly journals Efek Pemberian Ekstrak Jaloh Dikombinasi dengan Probiotik dan Kromium Terhadap Profil Hematologi dan Titer Antibodi Vaksin ND pada Ayam Broiler yang Mengalami Stres Panas

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Sugito Sugito ◽  
Fakhrurrazi Fakhrurrazi ◽  
M. Isa
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Local Heat ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Newcastle Disease Vaccine

The effect of jaloh extract combined with probiotic and chromium on the haematology profiles and ND antibody vaccine of broiler given heat stressABSTRACT. The purpose of this study is to determine the respons of chicken broiler under heat stress that given drinking water contained extract jaloh combined with probiotic and Cr mineral in the profile of haematology and antibody respons of Newcastle Disease vaccine. Twenty four of 20-day old Cobb broiler chickens were randomly assigned and devided to 6 treatment groups. Completely randomized design was used in this study. The treatments were as follows: 1) chickens under heat stress, given jaloh extract, probiotic, and chromium (P1); 2. chickens under heat stress, given jaloh extract and probiotic (P2); 3. chickens under heat stress, given jaloh extract and chromium (P3); chickens under heat stress, given jaloh extract (P4); 5. chickens under heat stress without given jaloh extract nor chromium and probiotic (P5); and 6. chickens given no heat stress and jaloh extract nor chromium and probiotic (P6). Extract jaloh dose applied is 1.000 mg/lt water, dose of probiotic is 108 cfu/lt drinking water, and chromium given in the form of chloride chromium with dose 1000 ug/lt water. Local heat stress is provided by increasing cage temperature to the range of 33.0 ± 1°C during 5 hours per day u within 15 days. Jaloh extract, probiotic, and chromium treatments in drinking water were given at 2 hour before cage temperature reaching 33 ± 1oC and were stopped being given after 1 hour, when cage temperature back to room temperature. Blood was taken before chickens were ethanuatiated. The result suggested that giving jaloh extract to combine it with probiotic, and chromium has no significant effect in hematology profile. When combined extract jaloh with chromium (Cr), has potencial capability to stimulate improvement built of antibody (as immunomodulator) on broiler chicken heat stress.

STUDIES OF PENICILLIN IN PEDIATRICS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 664-671
Author(s):  
B. M. KAGAN ◽  
M. NIERENBERG ◽  
D. GOLDBERG ◽  
A. MILZER
Keyword(s):  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Sesame Oil ◽  
Peanut Oil ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Procaine Penicillin ◽  
Pertinent Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pediatric Use

Table I summarizes most of the pertinent data in this report on the serum penicillin concentrations 12 and 24 hours after intramuscular injection of K penicillin G in peanut oil and beeswax, which is fluid at room temperature, and of three different procaine penicillin preparations. These three preparations are procaine penicillin G in sesame oil, procaine penicillin G in peanut oil with 2% aluminum monostearate, and procaine penicillin G in water with Na-carboxymethylcellulose. When they were given in a dosage of 8000 u./lb. to infants and children, weighing between 4.5 and 18.0 kg., there was no statistically significant difference in the serum levels obtained. A dosage schedule for these preparations is suggested for pediatric use. The aqueous preparation offers some advantages which are discussed. Experiences are reported which emphasize the necessity of avoiding intravenous administration of all these preparations.

Thiol-mediated etching of gold nanorods as a neoteric strategy for room-temperature and multicolor detection of nitrite and nitrate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzieh Sepahvand ◽  
Forough Ghasemi ◽  
Hossein Mirseyed Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Gold Nanorods ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Living Organisms

The excessive presence of nitrite and nitrate in the environmental matrixes has raised concerns among the scientific communities due to their negative impacts on human health and living organisms. Considering...

Abstract P189: Method of Cold Saline Storage for Prehospital Induced Hypothermia

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitch Kampmeyer ◽  
Clifton W Callaway
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Prehospital Care ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Induced Hypothermia ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Storage Unit ◽  
Cold Saline ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ambient Room Temperature

Recent research supports the use of cold IV fluid as a method for initiating therapeutic hypothermia in post-cardiac arrest resuscitation. However, prehospital care programs employing this treatment have encountered various difficulties. Barriers to prehospital induced hypothermia protocols include the lack of effective or economically reasonable methods to maintain cold saline in the field. Objective. Determine the time that a standard commercial cooler can maintain two 1-liter normal saline solution (NSS) bags below 4°C in 3 different environments. Methods. Environments simulating an ambulance compartment were created for the experiment. NSS temperatures were continuously recorded inside a standard commercial cooler with or without ice packs (IPs) under one of three scenarios: ambient room temperature (25°C) without (IPs), ambient room temperature with IPs and 50°C ambient temperature with IPs. Four trials under each condition were performed. Time to warm to 4°C was compared using Kaplan-Meier log rank test. Results. In a room temperature environment with IPs, the NSS warmed to 4°C in a mean interval of 29 hrs 53 mins versus in ambient room temperature without IPs (1 hr 21 mins) versus in constant hot environment of 50°C with IPs (10 hrs 50 mins). A significant difference was found between the three environments (log-rank =17.90, dF =2, p =0.0001). Conclusions. Low technology methods in the form of a cooler and IPs can provide cold NSS storage for longer than a full 24 hour shift in a room temperature ambulance. In hot ambient conditions, 4°C NSS can be maintained for nearly 11 hours using this method. This model exhibits an economical, easily deployable cold saline storage unit.

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