scholarly journals 43 Feed efficiency and behavior are associated with gut microbiome in three breeds of pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 24-24
Author(s):  
Francesco Tiezzi ◽  
Matteo Bergamaschi ◽  
Jeremy Howard ◽  
Christian Maltecca
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Occupation Time ◽  
Large White ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract Feed efficiency and behavior are important traits in the pork industry for economic, welfare, and environmental aspects. The gut microbiota plays an important role in nutrient digestibility and it is likely to influence these traits. The aim of this study was to characterize the feed efficiency, feeding behavior and gut microbiome relationships of pigs belonging to three different breeds. Individual body weight, feed intake and rate of Duroc (n = 222), Landrace (n = 244), and Large White (n = 221) pigs were recorded. Rectal fecal samples were collected from each animal at three time points (T1, start of trial; T2, mid-trial; T3, end of trial) and used for microbiome 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Individual feed intake and body weight were edited to obtain average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), average daily feeding rate (ADFR), average feed intake per visit (AFIV), average daily number of visits to feeder (ANVD), average daily occupation time (AOTD), average occupation time per visit (AOTV). The impact of gut microbiome on the traits studied was present and seemed to depend on the breed and the time point of recording. At T1, Oscillibacter and Phascolarctobacterium had negative impact on ANVD and ADFI in Duroc, Ruminococcus had negative impact on ADFI in Landrace and Parvimonas, Escherichia and Anaerovibrio had negative impact on ADFI and ANVD in Large White. At T2, Lactobacillus showed a positive impact on ADFR in Landrace and on ADFI in Large White. At T3, Ruminococcus, Faecalibacterium and Dorea had a positive impact on ADFI in Duroc, Staphylococcous had positive impact on ADFR in Landrace and Peptoniphilus had negative impact on ADFI in Large White. Gut microbiome may have an heterogenous impact on the regulation of feeding behavior and feed efficiency depending on the host genotype.

scholarly journals PSV-18 The role of leptin in feed efficiency and behavior attributes of commercial beef heifers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 162-162
Author(s):  
Nayan Bhowmik ◽  
Kris A Ringwall ◽  
Carl R Dahlen ◽  
Kendall C Swanson ◽  
Jeffrey A Clapper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Frame Size ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Plasma Leptin

Abstract Leptin is a 16-kDa-peptide hormone product of the leptin gene (LEP) that is predominantly synthesized by adipose tissues and has known involvement in regulation of feed intake, energy expenditure, reproduction, and immune functions. The objective was to determine the association of leptin genotype (LEP c.73C >T), leptin diplotype (LEPD) and plasma leptin hormone (LEPH) concentration with growth, feed intake, feed efficiency, and behavior characteristics in developing beef heifers. A total of 336 commercial beef heifers were genotyped for the LEP c.73C >T marker. Four single nucleotide polymorphism markers including LEP c.73C >T, ARS-BFGL-NGS-59298 (intron 1), BovineHD0400026029 (upstream) and BovineHD0400026063 (downstream) of LEP were considered for haplotype analysis. Eleven LEPD were identified for this study using parsimony-based analyses. Circulating levels of LEPH were measured on 333 heifers prior to their first breeding season and used to assign low or high concentration group based on population median. Data were analyzed using the mixed procedure of SAS for repeated measures, fixed effects of ancestral breed group (n = 4), dam age category (n = 4), frame size group (n = 4), project cycle nested within birth year (n = 6), week of feed trial × year, LEP (n = 3) or LEPD (n = 11) or LEPH (n = 2), as well as week × LEPH (only for LEPH). There were no significant differences between LEP genotypes (P ≥ 0.11) or LEPD (P ≥ 0.33) for any of the studied traits. Heifers with low LEPH ate fewer meals per day (P = 0.02) and had more DMI per meal (P = 0.04) compared to those with high plasma leptin. Further research is needed to better understand plasma LEPH concentration and its role in feeding behavior attributes. However, circulatory LEPH before the breeding season may serve as a predictor for feeding behavior.

scholarly journals 148 Residual feed intake and body weight gain relate to feeding behavior in Nellore bulls: Implications for performance and maintenance requirements

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 149-150
Author(s):  
Ana Clara B Menezes ◽  
Sebastião Valadares Filho ◽  
Pedro Benedetti ◽  
Marcos Pacheco ◽  
Pauliane Pucetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Maintenance Requirements

Abstract This study determined feed intake behavior, performance, feed efficiency, and maintenance requirements of bulls with high and low residual feed intake and body weight gain. Data were collected from 42 weaned Nellore bulls (initial BW 260 ± 8.1 kg; age 7 ± 1.0 mo) housed in a feedlot in a group pen that contained electronic feeders. Individual dry matter intake (DMI) was recorded daily and body weight (BW) was measured every 28 d over a 140-day period. Indexes of average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency, and residual feed intake (RFI) were calculated. Residual feed intake and gain (RFIG) was calculated according to previously published equations. Frequency of meals, duration per visit, and time spent feeding per day were recorded as feeding behavior measures. Maintenance requirements were calculated according to the BR-CORTE system. High RFIG bulls had lower DMI (P < 0.01), lower final BW (P < 0.01), and were more feed efficient (P < 0.01) than low RFIG bulls, but both groups had similar ADG (P = 0.55). No differences in feeding behavior were observed between the two groups (P > 0.05). The net energy requirements for maintenance, metabolizable energy for maintenance, and efficiency of metabolizable energy utilization were 76.5, 122.68 kcal/EBW0.75 daily, and 62.4%, respectively for high RFIG bulls, and 89.2, 143.76 kcal/EBW0.75 daily, and 62.0% for low RFIG bulls. This study reveals that low RFIG bulls are less feed efficient and have greater maintenance requirements than high RFIG bulls (0.16 ± 0.006 and 0.18 ± 0.006, respectively). As low RFIG eat more, and in beef cattle, feeding behavior is associated with methane emissions, we suggest further research evaluating this relationship be conducted. In addition, selection for high RFIG cattle would improve feed efficiency, reduce production costs, and could potentially reduce methane emissions.

PSXV-8 The study of feeding behavior traits in connection to feed efficiency in duroc boars bred in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 259-259
Author(s):  
Anna A Belous ◽  
Alexander A Sermyagin ◽  
Natalia A Zinovieva
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Testing Period ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate

Abstract The study of feeding behavior is of particular interest because it is directly related to efficiency of feeding. The aim of our study was to determine the genetic parameters of the feeding behavioral traits in Duroc boars (n = 766) in relation to the feed efficiency based on the analysis of variation components. Genstar and Shauer feeders were used to collect the behavioral data, including daily feed intake (DFI), total daily time spent in feeder (TPD), number of daily visits to feeder (NVD), average duration of each visit (TPV), feed intake per visit (FPV), and feed intake rate (FR). Genetic and environmental variabilities were determined by the mixed model equation using the REMLF90 program. Multiple regression analyses were used to adjust feed conversion rate (FCR) for the duration of the testing period, initial and final body weight, and average daily gain. The average initial body weight was 35.7 kg and the duration of testing period was 78.1 days. Actual FCR values reached 2.20 kg/kg with a phenotypic variability of 26.3%. Moderate values of heritability coefficients (h2) were observed for TPV (h2=0.168), FCR (h2=0.214), and DFI (h2=0.221) traits. The heritability parameters for FPV and TPD traits were higher and accounted to 0.269 and 0.290, respectively. The highest value of h2 was observed for NVD (0.494). Analyses of genetic correlations revealed several interesting findings. The boars, which more often visited feeding stations, spent more time in feeder (r2=+0.536 for NVD/TPD), herewith duration of each visit and feed intake rate were decreased (r2=–0.593 and –0.760 for NVD/TPV and NVD/FR, respectively). Feed conversion rate was positively correlated with TPD (r2=+0.530) and negatively correlated with FR (r2=–0,772). Our research results will be useful for development of artificial selection programs to select Duroc pigs for increased feeding efficiency. The study was supported by RFBR No19-316–90008.

scholarly journals Copy number variation of amylase alpha 2B gene is associated with feed efficiency traits in Large White pigs--title not given--

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsukasa Yoshidomi ◽  
Kazuaki Tanaka ◽  
Tatsuya Takizawa ◽  
Satoshi Nikaido ◽  
Tetsuya Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copy Number Variation ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Number Variation

Copy number variation (CNV) of the AMY gene in humans has been enthusiastically studied for its association with starch digestibility and obesity. The alpha-amylase (AMY) is a major starch digestive enzyme in mammals. This study aimed to determine the association between CNV of the porcine pancreatic amylase (AMY2B) gene and feed efficiency. Improvement of feed efficiency in growing pigs is of great economic interest. We assayed the copy number of AMY2B by using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) in a Large White pig population. We identified three genotypes for AMY2B CNVs, namely I/I (homozygotes of haplotype I; a chromosome with one copy of AMY2B), I/II (heterozygotes of haplotype I and II; a chromosome with two copies) and II/II (homozygotes of haplotype II). We tested the genotypes of the parental generation consisting of six males, 21 females and 265 offspring piglets to validate the AMY2B CNV genotyping. With very few mistyping exceptions, copy numbers of AMY2B were transmitted to piglets in segregation ratios following Mendelian inheritance. Finally, we performed an association analysis between the CNV of the AMY2B gene and feed efficiency traits in 207 uncastrated male pigs. The generalised linear model analysis showed the significant effects of AMY2B CNV genotype on average daily feed intake, total feed intake and feed conversion ratio during growth from 30 kg to 100 kg body weight. However, it was not associated with average daily gain, backfat thickness and loin eye muscle area. Individuals with the genotype I/I had about 76.6 ± 27.1 g lower average daily feed intake, 5.35 ± 1.90 kg lower total feed intake and 0.089 8 ± 0.026 5 lower feed conversion ratio than individuals with I/II and II/II genotypes. Thus, AMY2B CNV has the potential to be an effective genetic marker that could reduce feed costs for pig farming.  

scholarly journals PSVIII-38 Late-Breaking Abstract: Estimating genetic parameters of feed efficiency traits in American mink

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 347-347
Author(s):  
Pourya Davoudi ◽  
Duy Ngoc Do ◽  
Guoyu Hu ◽  
Siavash Salek Ardestani ◽  
Younes Miar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
American Mink ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Selection For

Abstract Feed cost is the major input cost in the mink industry and thus improvement of feed efficiency through selection for high feed efficient mink is necessary for the mink farmers. The objective of this study was to estimate the heritability, phenotypic and genetic correlations for different feed efficiency measures, including final body weight (FBW), daily feed intake (DFI), average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and residual feed intake (RFI). For this purpose, 1,088 American mink from the Canadian Center for Fur Animal Research at Dalhousie Faculty of Agriculture were recorded for daily feed intake and body weight from August 1 to November 14 in 2018 and 2019. The univariate models were used to test the significance of sex, birth year and color as fixed effects, and dam as a random effect. Genetic parameters were estimated via bivariate models using ASReml-R version 4. Estimates of heritabilities (±SE) were 0.41±0.10, 0.37±0.11, 0.33±0.14, 0.24±0.09 and 0.22±0.09 for FBW, DFI, ADG, FCR and RFI, respectively. The genetic correlation (±SE) was moderate to high between FCR and RFI (0.68±0.15) and between FCR and ADG (-0.86±0.06). In addition, RFI had low non-significant (P > 0.05) genetic correlations with ADG (0.04 ± 0.26) and BW (0.16 ± 0.24) but significant (P < 0.05) high genetic correlation with DFI (0.74 ± 0.11) indicating that selection for lower RFI will reduce feed intake without adverse effects on the animal size and growth rate. The results suggested that RFI can be implemented in genetic/genomic selection programs to reduce feed intake in the mink production system.

Genetic and phenotypic parameter estimates between production, feed intake, feed efficiency, body weight and linear type traits in first lactation Holsteins

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Kennedy ◽  
J. C. M. Dekkers ◽  
R. K. Moore ◽  
L. Jairath
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Type Traits

Production and feed intake data on 36 115 first lactation Holstein cows obtained from Quebec Dairy Herd Analysis Service were combined with conformation data from the Holstein Association of Canada to estimate genetic correlations among production, energy intake, and conformation traits. Traits considered were 305-d milk yield, 305-d grain energy and total energy intake, feed efficiency (fat corrected milk yield/total energy intake), body weight at calving, capacity, size, stature, rump width and final score. Genetic and phenotypic parameters were estimated using Restricted Maximum Likelihood based on two-trait animal mixed model analyses. The model contained fixed effects of herd-year, season of calving, age of calving, sire group and a random animal genetic effect. Estimates of heritability were within the published range for all traits. Of the conformation traits examined, capacity, size and stature had the highest correlations with body weight, with phenotypic correlations between 0.36 and 0.43, and genetic correlations between 0.61 and 0.79. Feed efficiency was negatively correlated to all body size measures, both phenotypically (−0.01 to −0.29) and genetically (−0.31 to −0.53), but most significantly with body weight, capacity, size, and stature. Fat-corrected milk yield showed negligible phenotypic and low to moderately negative genetic (−0.07 to −0.29) correlations with body weight and related type traits. Total energy intake was positively related to all measures of body size, most notably body weight, while grain energy intake had moderately negative genetic correlations (−0.20 to −0.40) with the same body size traits. Because of their detrimental relationships with feed efficiency, negative selection emphasis should be placed on body weight and the related type traits capacity, size and stature. Capacity, size and stature are of moderate utility when selecting indirectly for body weight, total energy intake and feed efficiency. Key words: Dairy cattle, genetics, production, conformation, feed efficiency

scholarly journals 434 Late-Breaking: Expression of Growth hormone Gene (GH) and Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-2) in metabolic tissues of pigs are affected by unconventional dietary feed sources

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 42-43
Author(s):  
Ufuoma G Sorhue ◽  
Ikenna Omeje ◽  
Ifeanyichukwu udeh ◽  
Adimabua M Moemeka ◽  
Raphael E Onainor
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Growth Hormone Gene ◽  
Feed Conversion

Abstract This study was conducted to examine the growth performance and expression patterns of growth hormone gene and insulin-like growth factor in metabolic tissues of pigs fed different unconventional feed sources. A total of 45 growing pigs were randomly assigned to 5 dietary treatments at 9 animals per treatment and 3 animals per replicate. Treatment one (T1) comprise of whole maize (WM) which served as the control, T2: brewers dried grain (BDG), T3: cassava peel meal (CPM), T4: plantain peel meal (PPM) and T5: corn husk meal (CHM) at 35% inclusion in the diet. Data collected and analyzed includes; initial body weight (IBW), final body weight (FBW), average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily weight gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed efficiency (FE). At the end of the feeding trial, three animals per treatment (one animal per replicate) were slaughtered; the duodenum and liver were collected and stored using RNALater prior to RNA extraction. Real-time qPCR was performed in 40cycles using the PowerUp SYBR Green reagent and analysed using the Delta-Delta Ct method. All data were subjected to analysis of variance in a completely randomized design. The results showed that the treatment diets had effect on growth performance with significant differences (P < 0.05) observed for average final weight, average total weight gain, average daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency while the initial weight were not significantly different (P > 0.05). IGF-2 was differentially expressed in the liver and duodenum across treatments while significant differences were not observed in the expression pattern of the growth hormone gene in both tissues. This study showed promise for the use of unconventional feeding stuffs in pig feeding and reveals that genes influencing performance characters are differentially expressed in relation to the source of unconventional feeds used in compounding pig diet.

scholarly journals Supplementation strategies for dairy cows kept in tropical grass pastures

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joelson Antonio Silva ◽  
Camilla Gabriela Miranda Silva ◽  
Daniel De Paula Sousa ◽  
Nelcino Francisco de Paula ◽  
Ana Paula Da Silva Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Mineral Mixture ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
Tropical Grass

This study aimed to evaluate the supplementation strategies on forage intake and nutrient digestibility, feeding behavior, milk production and composition, feed efficiency, nitrogen balance and body weight change of dairy cows kept in Tanzania grass pastures (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzania) in the dry season. We used eight crossbred Holstein and Zebu cows in the final third of lactation, with an average weight of 505±44 kg and initial milk production of 9.0±1.44 kg day-1, in a double 4X4 Latin square design. The experiment consisted of four experimental periods of 17 days each, with nine days for initial adaptation and eight days to collect data. Treatments consisted of mineral mix and supplements (energy, protein or multiple) provided in the amount of 2 kg per cow day-1. Supplements promoted increased consumption of dry matter and nutrients (P < 0.05), without changing the forage intake in relation to the mineral mixture. The treatments did not affect the feeding behavior of animals (P > 0.05). There was an increase (P < 0.05) of 19.51% in milk production in the supplemented animals and productive responses approximate marginal 0.64 kg of milk for each kg of supplied supplement, however, the different supplements promoted a drop in the milk fat. There were higher net energy values of animal lactation for protein-energy supplementation and mineral mixture, but no change was observed in feed efficiency and energy efficiency. The performance of dairy cows kept in tropical grass pasture can be improved with the use of a concentrate supplementation of 0.40% of body weight per day-1 without compromising the forage intake of animals.

Effect of feeding different levels of lysine and protein on the performance of WLH layers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naga Raja Kumari K ◽  
Ravinder Reddy V ◽  
Chinni Preetham V ◽  
Srinivas Kumar ◽  
D.Sen A.R. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Lysine Concentration ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

A trial was conducted to evaluate the requirement of digestible lysine at various protein levels in the diet of WLH layers (BV-300) from 25-44 weeks of age. Layers (528) were fed with diets containing two protein levels i.e. 13.36 and 15.78 % each with 5 % concentration variations of lysine (0.50, 0.55, 0.60, 0.65, and 0.70) and a control with 17 % CP and 0.70 % lysine. Each diet was fed to six replicates of eight birds. Egg production, feed intake, body weight were not influenced either by the concentration of lysine or by level of protein in diet. Increased (P d” 0.05) egg weight and egg mass were observed with increasing lysine in diets. Better feed efficiency was observed with increasing lysine concentration. It can be concluded that WLH layers require approximately 0.65% lysine with 13.36% CP or 0.63% lysine with 15.78% CP (i.e. 598.80 vs 570 mg/h/day) in diet.

FEEDING BEHAVIOR OF POULTS EXPOSED TO PRE- AND POST-HATCHING VISUAL STIMULATION

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. LEWIS ◽  
J. F. HURNIK
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Large White ◽  
Turkey Poults ◽  
Body Weights

A total of 4000 Large White turkey poults were used in two experiments conducted to study the attraction of chromatic flashing lights. The first experiment concentrated on the change in sensibility to colored flashing lights of poults exposed to the same visual stimulation during the final stage of incubation. The second experiment was designed to determine whether the use of flashing lights could reduce the adverse effects of toe clipping and transportation. In both experiments the colored flashing lights were attached to the feeders. Visual stimulation in the hatcher did not significantly enhance the attraction of the poults to the lights on the feeders. Similarly, the use of colored flashing lights only partially compensated for the effects of transportation and toe clipping on the feed intake and early growth of the poults. On average, the transported poults (0, 24 and 48 h) consumed less feed during the 13 days of the experiment (0 h, 165.5 ± 3.1 g; 24 h, 153.4 ± 3.3 g and 48 h, 125.0 ± 2.4 g) and were lighter at 13 days of age (0 h, 201.1 ± 2.2 g; 24 h, 189.6 ± 2.2 g and 48 h, 167.4 ± 1.8 g) than nontransported ones. Transportation also increased mortality (0 h, 8.2%; 24 h, 10% and 48 h, 19.8%). Toe clipped poults initiated feeding after a longer latency (14.5 min vs. 34.3 min) and in the 1st wk of life they spent less time on net feed intake (3.9% vs. 1.3%). Correspondingly, their feed consumption up to 6 days of age was reduced (39.3 ± 2.1 g vs. 35.2 ± 1.6 g) and body weights at 13 days were lower (188.5 ± 2.8 g vs. 183.5 ± 2.5 g).

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