scholarly journals 72 Estimating the supply and movement of feed for beef production in Alberta, Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 46-46
Author(s):  
Genet Mengistu ◽  
Marcos Cordeiro ◽  
Getahun Legesse ◽  
Sarah Pogue ◽  
Amanda Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Deer ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Environmental Footprints ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Statistics Canada

Abstract This study estimated movement of feed between regions of Alberta to meet the needs of the beef sector in 2001, 2006, 2011 and 2016, and included barley and wheat grain, grass hay and grass-legume hay, which can be cost-effectively transported. Feed demands of beef and other livestock (i.e., dairy cattle, chickens, pigs, sheep, bison, horses, turkeys and other poultry) were estimated using county-level inventories from Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development and Statistics Canada, and aggregated to 7 land-use regions: Lower Athabasca, Upper Athabasca, Lower Peace, Upper Peace, North Saskatchewan, Red Deer and South Saskatchewan. Feed requirements were sourced from literature and expert opinion pertinent to Canadian context, and feed demand estimated using annualized feeding days and dry matter (DM) intake. Feed available for beef production was estimated from crop yields minus other livestock feed use. Average feed demand for beef production across Alberta was (tons of DM) 2.71 M, 0.68 M, 2.21 M, and 1.95 M for barley and wheat grain, grass hay, and grass-legume hay, respectively. North Saskatchewan, Red Deer and South Saskatchewan accounted for 90% of the total demand for barley and wheat grain and 81% of grass hay and grass-legume hay. South Saskatchewan had the largest feed deficit and required feed movement in all years. Across years, barley grain deficits ranged from -94% to -31%, grass hay deficit from -142% to a surplus of 1.6% and grass-legume hay deficits from -167% to -15%. Unmet deficits at provincial level occurred for barley grain (2006), grass hay (2001) and grass-legume hay (2001, 2006). Wheat was surplus in all years, ranging from 17% to 90%. Feed movement is critical to support beef production in Alberta, and is highly variable depending on crop yield in different regions. This analysis enables the beef industry to assess provincial feed sourcing and environmental footprints.

114 What Is the Impact of Dairy Influence Cattle on the Traditional Beef Industry Structure?

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 38-39
Author(s):  
Bradley J Johnson ◽  
Luke Fuerniss
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Industry Structure ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The U.S. cow inventory includes approximately 31 million beef cows and 9 million dairy cows, so flow of cattle from dairies into beef production influences the traditional beef industry structure. Dairy-influenced cattle have historically entered the beef supply chain as cull cows and calf-fed Holstein steers. Culled dairy cows account for approximately half of the cows harvested in the United States annually. Fed steers and heifers of dairy influence are estimated to account for 15% of annual steer and heifer slaughter. Advancements in data availability, genomics, and reproductive technologies have enabled more precise selection of dairy replacement heifers and more pregnancies to be allocated to a terminal sire. Recently, the use of beef semen to breed dairy cows that are not desirable for producing replacement heifers has become more widespread. Beef-on-dairy calves are often moved to calf ranches shortly after birth where they are weaned and grown before transitioning to traditional grow yards or feedlots. In comparison to traditional range beef production, calves of dairy origin are weaned at a younger age, have more restricted mobility early in life, and are fed a delivered ration for a greater number of days. While carcasses of dairy-originated fed cattle excel in subcutaneous leanness and marbling, calves originating from dairies typically experience greater morbidity, poorer feed conversion, and poorer dressed yields compared to native fed cattle. Future opportunities to optimize beef production from the dairy herd include refining sire selection to consistently produce high quality calves, reducing variation in calfhood management, and identifying optimal nutrition and growth technology programs for calves from dairies.

Evaluation of phosphate fertilizers: II. Residual value of nitrophosphates, Gafsa rock phosphate, basic slag and potassium metaphosphate for potatoes, barley and swedes grown in rotation, with special reference to changes in soil phosphorus status

1968 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. G. Mattingly
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Residual Value ◽  
Basic Slag ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizers

SUMMARYThe residual value of three nitrophosphates, potassium metaphosphate, basic slag and rock phosphate was compared with that of superphosphate in two experiments with potatoes, barley and swedes grown in rotation. The residual value of the fertilizers was also compared with that of (a) six cumulative annual dressings of superphosphate supplying either one-half or the same total amounts of phosphate and (b) single fresh applications of superphosphate applied once in each rotation. Yields and phosphorus uptakes are discussed in relation to the amounts of soil phosphate soluble in 0·5 M-NaHCO3.In the first rotation residues of rock phosphate produced about 1 ton/acre less potato tubers than residues of other fertilizers and cumulative annual applications of superphosphate produced 0·6–0·9 tons/acre less tubers than all residues except rock phosphate. In the second rotation residues of fertilizers increased tuber yields less than cumulative dressings of superphosphate. Over two rotations mean yields from residues and from cumulative dressings were the same. Mean yields of barley over two rotations were 1–3 cwt/acre greater from residues than from cumulative annual dressings; the residual value of the different phosphates was the same. For swedes residues from the alternative phosphates, including basic slag and rock phosphate, were equivalent to those from superphosphate and gave the same mean yields as six cumulative dressings of superphosphate broadcast at planting.Average residual values of alternative phosphate fertilizers, calculated from (a) yield response, (b) P uptake, and (c) soil analysis were: superphosphate, 100; nitrophosphates, 100–102; potassium metaphosphate, 95; basic slag, 94; Gafsa rock phosphate, 92. Mean percentage ‘fresh’ superphosphate equivalents of residues from all fertilizers were 17 and 26% after the first rotation and 11 and 15% after the second rotation for potatoes and swedes respectively.The percentage of the total variance in crop yields accounted for by linear regression on NaHCO3-soluble P ranged from 38 to 70% for potatoes, 9 to 28% for barley grain and 42 to 92% for swedes. Mean yields of the crops increased by 0·24 ± 0·037 tons/acre (potatoes), 0·22 ± 0·08 cwt/acre (barley) and 1·16 ±0·148 tons/acre (swedes) for each ppm NaHCO3-soluble phosphorus in the soil at harvest.

Beef Cattle Production and Trade

2014 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Beef Cattle Production ◽  
Australian Experience

Beef Cattle Production and Trade covers all aspects of the beef industry from paddock to plate. It is an international text with an emphasis on Australian beef production, written by experts in the field. The book begins with an overview of the historical evolution of world beef consumption and introductory chapters on carcass and meat quality, market preparation and world beef production. North America, Brazil, China, South-East Asia and Japan are discussed in separate chapters, followed by Australian beef production, including feed lotting and live export. The remaining chapters summarise R&D, emphasising the Australian experience, and look at different production systems and aspects of animal husbandry such as health, reproduction, grazing, feeding and finishing, genetics and breeding, production efficiency, environmental management and business management. The final chapter examines various case studies in northern and southern Australia, covering feed demand and supply, supplements, pasture management, heifer and weaner management, and management of internal and external parasites.

Macro and micro-mineral profile of feeds, fodders and blood of livestock under farm condition in Mathura district of India

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Prasad Gupta ◽  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Debashis Roy ◽  
Muneendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Critical Level ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Mineral Analysis ◽  
Mineral Profile ◽  
Mn Content ◽  
Cu And Zn

This study was conducted to find out the macro and micro-mineral profile of different feedstuffs and blood mineral profile of bovines in different physiological stages under farm condition in Mathura. Mineral analysis of feeds showed deficiency of Ca, P, Cu and Zn in wheat straw and Na in berseem. The cereal grains were deficient in Ca, Na, Cu and Mn. Maize and sorghum fodders were deficient in Na and Mn content than recommended critical level. Wheat straw, wheat grain, barley grain and mustered cake were deficient in Cu and all feeds contained excess of Fe. Plasma levels of macro (Ca, P and Na) and trace (Fe, Zn, Mn) minerals were above the recommended critical level except Cu. So it may be concluded that supplementation of Cu in the diet of farm animals containing high Fe feed ingredients is important for proper growth and production.

A comparison of ley and arable farming systems

1960 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Lewis ◽  
John Procter ◽  
A. E. M. Hood
Keyword(s):  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Arable Crops ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Arable Farming

1. Alternate husbandry systems containing 1-, 2- and 3-year grazed leys were compared with continuous arable cropping at Jealott's Hill during the period 1945–56. Kale and wheat were used as successive test crops to measure the fertility accruing from the following crop sequences: (a) 3-year ley; (b) wheat, 2-year ley; (c) wheat, barley, 1-year ley; (d) wheat, barley, barley. A study was also made of the effect on crop yields of compost, dung and N fertilizer dressings applied to kale.2. The yields of kale and wheat were improved considerably by 1-, 2- and 3-year leys. Increments were: 5·2 tons fresh kale per acre and 8·7 cwt. wheat grain per acre from 1-year ley, 9·0 tons kale and 13·5 cwt. wheat per acre from 2-year ley and 9·2 tons kale and 15·0 cwt. wheat per acre from 3-year ley. Two- and 3-year leys were markedly superior to 1-year ley in their effects on kale and wheat. The slight benefit apparent in wheat yields from 3-year ley compared with 2-year ley was not significant and so the 2- and 3-year leys may be considered equal in their effect on the succeeding arable crops. In the third arable crop, wheat, the 2-year ley was still effective to the extent of 3·9 cwt. grain per acre but the residual effect of the 1-year ley had largely disappeared. Yields under the all-arable system were considered to have been reduced by the poor physical and nutrient status of the soil, by increased incidence of ‘take-all’ in wheat and by more weed growth.3. The response of kale to dung averaged only 1·1 tons per acre over all four rotations but this was largely obtained in the ley systems and little after all-arable cropping. Compost was generally ineffective on kale with some signs of detrimental effect, especially in the arable system. Wheat following kale benefited equally from dung and compost applied in the previous year; the average response to organics was 1·6 cwt. grain per acre and this was unaffected by rotation. The residual value of dung on subsequent crops amounted to an average of 2·0 cwt. grain per acre per annum but compost had no significant effect.4. The response to an additional 0·4 cwt. fertilizer N per acre to kale was greatest after continuous arable cropping and virtually nil after 3-year ley. Wheat grain yields were improved by 1·0 cwt. per acre on average by the addition of the extra 0·4 cwt. fertilizer N per acre to kale in the previous year.5. It was concluded that when mixed farming is practised the aim should be to have the land under grass for at least as long as it is under arable, e.g. 3 years of ley with 3 years of arable.

scholarly journals A simulation-based approach for evaluating and comparing the environmental footprints of beef production systems1

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (11) ◽  
pp. 5427-5437 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Rotz ◽  
B. J. Isenberg ◽  
K. R. Stackhouse-Lawson ◽  
E. J. Pollak
Keyword(s):  
Beef Production ◽  
Environmental Footprints ◽  
Simulation Based

scholarly journals FACTORS INFLUENCING CHANGES OF BEEF CATTLE HERD QUANTITY AND SIZE: CASE OF LATVIA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andra ZVIRBULE ◽  
Raivis ANDERSONS
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Factors Affecting

Beef production volumes in Latvia have been different over a long period of time, beef output growth has been noted, as well as its sharp decrease, so it is important to analyze, what are the most important factors that are affecting beef production volumes, that will give an idea of the possibilities for beef market regulation. Consequently, the study objective can be defined: Identify factors affecting beef production in Latvia. For this research statistical methods, correlation analysis, induction, deduction, analysis and synthesis were used. These methods gave an accurate picture of factors that are affecting beef production volumes. According to the results, it can be concluded that beef production volumes are significantly affected by such factors as demand for beef. The results of this research indicate that Latvia beef production volumes are affected by the market demand. As an essential factor for increasing the number of beef cattle in Latvia, export opportunities are available where increasing amount of fresh or chilled beef exported in EUR is increasing the number of suckler cows, where there is a close positive relationship (r = 0.76), which indicates an increase in demand from Latvian meat beef holding output. The quality of the soil in the region and climatic conditions will affect the specialization of farms. The largest number of bovine animals is grown in regions of Vidzeme and Latgale, where average cereal production is lowest per hectare. Pierīga and Zemgale regions have high crop yields on average per hectare, so in this region the number of bovine animals is the smallest.

Once-bred heifer systems

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 ◽  
pp. 8-8
Author(s):  
I Rigby
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Downward Trend ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
Cull Cows ◽  
The Uk

Major changes are taking place in the UK beef industry, as a result of the reduction in dairy cow numbers due to milk quotas. Similar reductions are taking place throughout Europe and have resulted in a strong export market for UK calves. Consequently in 1988 there were 800,000 fewer calves available for beef production than there were when quotas were introduced. This downward trend is forecast to continue and by 1990 the EEC will no longer be self-sufficient for veal and beef.At times of calf shortages the concept of once-bred heifer beef (producing one calf out of a heifer otherwise destined for slaughter as clean beef, and then slaughtering her shortly after calving) has been considered as a way of generating extra calves and meeting the shortfall. Historically low fertility in young heifers, and high levels of dystokia have limited the commercial uptake of the technique. In addition returns have been low because heifers that have produced a calf are not eligible for Variable Beef Premium payments and, being unfamiliar with this type of slaughter animal the meat trade has regarded tham as cull cows and paid a reduced price.

Nutrient composition of wheat grain and wheat bran in East Azerbaijan province of Iran

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 226-226
Author(s):  
Hossein Janmohammadi ◽  
Akbar Taghizadeh ◽  
Nasrollah Pirani ◽  
Djalil Shoja ◽  
Ali Nikkhah
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Production Area ◽  
East Azerbaijan

In Iran, East Azerbaijan province is one of the most important farm animal production area and feedstuffs such as wheat grain (WG) and wheat bran (WB) together with alfalfa hay, barley grain, and wheat straw are the most common ingredients of animal rations. In recent years, production of WG and its main by-product, WB, have considerably been increased. Organic matter and mineral contents of WG in a given area can be influenced markedly by climate, soil and fertilizer treatments, growth stage and agronomic factors. Nutrient composition of WB also depends on variety of WG and mill processing conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the nutrient composition of WG and WB to use in formulating balanced rations. The objective of present study was to determine nutrient composition of WG and WB in East Azerbaijan.

Greenhouse gas emissions of Canadian beef production in 1981 as compared with 2011

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Legesse ◽  
K. A. Beauchemin ◽  
K. H. Ominski ◽  
E. J. McGeough ◽  
R. Kroebel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Breeding Herd ◽  
The Impact

The present study compared the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and breeding herd and land requirements of Canadian beef production in 1981 and 2011. In the analysis, temporal and regional differences in feed types, feeding systems, cattle categories, average daily gains and carcass weights were considered. Emissions were estimated using life-cycle assessment (cradle to farm gate), based primarily on Holos, a Canadian whole-farm emissions model. In 2011, beef production in Canada required only 71% of the breeding herd (i.e. cows, bulls, calves and replacement heifers) and 76% of the land needed to produce the same amount of liveweight for slaughter as in 1981. Compared with 1981, in 2011 the same amount of slaughter weight was produced, with a 14% decline in CH4 emissions, 15% decline in N2O emissions and a 12% decline in CO2 emissions from fossil fuel use. Enteric CH4 production accounted for 73% of total GHG emissions in both years. The estimated intensity of GHG emissions per kilogram of liveweight that left the farm was 14.0 kg CO2 equivalents for 1981 and 12.0 kg CO2 equivalents for 2011, a decline of 14%. A significant reduction in GHG intensity over the past three decades occurred as a result of increased average daily gain and slaughter weight, improved reproductive efficiency, reduced time to slaughter, increased crop yields and a shift towards high-grain diets that enabled cattle to be marketed at an earlier age. Future studies are necessary to examine the impact of beef production on other sustainability metrics, including water use, air quality, biodiversity and provision of ecosystems services.

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