scholarly journals PSII-33 Mitigation of testicular heat stress in boars with PG600

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 380-381
Author(s):  
John J Parrish ◽  
Jodi L Berndtson
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Fourier Harmonic ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Scrotal Insulation

Abstract Testicular heat stress due to increasing summer temperatures negatively impacts spermatogenesis reducing semen quality in boars. Scrotal insulation (SI) can mimic summer heat stress. Our hypothesis is that PG600 can mitigate heat stress in boars. PG600 is human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and equine chorionic gonadotropin (ECG) which have LH- and FSH-like effects respectively. During spermatogenesis, LH impacts testosterone production by Leydig cells and FSH impacts Sertoli cells to produce androgen receptors, inhibit apoptotic signals and sustain spermatogenesis. Eight boars (8–12 months of age) were randomly assigned to two treatment groups: SI + saline or SI + PG600. The SI was applied for 48 hrs. Injections were administered 24 hrs prior to SI application and again at onset of SI. PG600 was given at a standard gilt dose to induce puberty. Semen was collected every M-W-F for two weeks prior to treatment and 44 days post-treatment. Semen was evaluated for nuclear head shape via Fourier harmonic analysis (FHA) described as Harmonic amplitudes 0–5 (HA0-5). Semen for each collection day post-treatment was compared to the average of the semen collection days pre-treatment, described as day 0. Scrotal insulation produced a 3.7°C increase in average scrotal temperature for 48 hrs. Post-SI + saline, HA0 decreased on days 21–33 (P < 0.05), HA1 increased on day 30 (P < 0.05), HA2 decreased on day 35 (P < 0.05), HA3 increased on days 21–33 (P < 0.05), HA4 increased on days 21–26 (P < 0.05), and HA5 increased on days 21–30 (P < 0.05). Post-SI + PG600, decreased the number of days post-SI when changes in harmonic amplitudes were seen (P < 0.05) as well as the magnitude of the response (P < 0.05). PG600 was for the first time shown to significantly mitigated the response of boars to SI and testicular heat stress. Increased doses of PG600 may improve results.

scholarly journals 18 Impact of in-feed vs. in-water antibiotic administrations on the fecal prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibilities of Campylobacter and Salmonella in piglets

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 35-36
Author(s):  
Victor L Ishengoma ◽  
Raghavendra G Amachawadi ◽  
Kellen A Habib ◽  
Xiaorong Shi ◽  
Taghreed Mahmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Method ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Food Borne Pathogens ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Campylobacter and Salmonella are common food borne pathogens in the gut of pigs and are shed in the feces. The control of these bacteria in pigs is of importance in reducing the potential for transmission to humans. In swine, oral route, either in-feed or in-water, is by far the most common route of administration of antibiotics. Because the distribution of the antibiotic in the gut and the dosage are different, the impact of in-feed vs. in-water administration of antibiotics on the fecal shedding of food borne pathogens, Campylobacter and Salmonella, and on the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in gut bacteria is a largely unexplored area. Therefore, a study was conducted to compare the effects of in-feed and in-water antibiotic administration on fecal prevalence of Campylobacter and Salmonella and AMR development in nursery piglets. A total of 1,296 weaned piglets were allocated into pens (48 pens; 27 pigs per pen) distributed in a single room. Pens were assigned randomly to six treatment groups; Control (No antibiotic), In-feed chlortetracycline (CTC), In-water CTC, In-feed tiamulin, In-water tiamulin, and a combination of CTC and tiamulin (In-feed). Fresh fecal samples were collected randomly from 5 of 27 piglets from each pen on pre-treatment (days -7, 0), treatment (days 7, 14) and post-treatment (days 21, 28) phases. Bacterial isolations and identifications were done by culture method and PCR, respectively. Overall prevalence of Campylobacter and Salmonella were 18.2% (262/1,440) and 3.9% (56/1,440) respectively. Speciation of Campylobacter isolates indicated C. hyointestinalis (17.9%; 258/1,440) and C. coli (0.3%; 4/1,440). Pigs from control group had a higher prevalence (P< 0.05) of both Campylobacter and Salmonella when compared to other treatment groups. Both treatment and post-treatment phases had a significant effect on the prevalence of Campylobacter and Salmonella (P< 0.05).

Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin (eCG) improves bucks’ semen quality during the nonbreeding season

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 1096-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florencia Beracochea ◽  
María Noel Viera ◽  
Lucía Acevedo ◽  
Julián Santiago-Moreno ◽  
Rodolfo Ungerfeld
Keyword(s):  
Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Nonbreeding Season ◽  
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin

scholarly journals A study on treatment of resistant mastitis in dairy cows

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 786-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Chandrasekaran ◽  
A. P. Nambi ◽  
P. S. Thirunavukkarasu ◽  
S. Vairamuthu ◽  
P. Venkatesan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Clinical Recovery ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Staphylococcal Aureus

The study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and treatment of antibiotic resistant mastitis in dairy cows. The predominant resistant causative pathogen was Escherichia coli (50.64 %) followed by S. aureus (44.25 %) and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcal aureus (5.11%).These isolates were found sensitive to gentamicin, enrofloxcain, amoxicillin+sulbactam, ceftriaxone and resistant to amoxicillin, oxytetracycline, penicillin G and oxacillin. In all the treatment groups of E. coli, S. aureus and MRSA mastitis, the post treatment pH, SCC was significantly (P < 0.01) decreased when compared to pre treatment pH, SCC values and the post treatment electrical conductivity was significantly (P < 0.01) increased when compared to pre treatment electrical conductivity value. In E. coli mastitis, treated with amoxicillin+sulbactam, ceftriaxone, enrofloxacin and gentamicin showed 74.1%, 67.75 %, 76.67 % and 64.52 % clinical recovery and in S. aureus mastitis, showed 65.25 %, 65.25 %, 72.43 % and 68.98 % clinical recovery. In MRSA mastitis, enrofloxacin was found to be highly effective in comparison to amoxicillin+sulbcactam.

scholarly journals Treatment of Hand and Wrist Pain

AAOHN Journal ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 233-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan W. Stralka ◽  
Janice A. Jackson ◽  
A. Ritchie Lewis
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Unit Group ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Sensory Testing ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group I ◽  
Stress Injuries ◽  
Repetitive Stress ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Group Post

To determine the effectiveness of high voltage pulsed current (HVPC) in reducing chronic hand edema, 120 individuals were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups. Group I clients were given an appropriate sized wrist splint, incorporating an energized, high voltage pulsed unit Group II clients were given an identical splint with a non-energized unit. Each client received daily treatments at the worksite consisting of 30 minute sessions totaling 20 treatments during a 35 day period. Pre-treatment and post-treatment evaluations included measurements of pain, grip strength, and edema volume; repetitive task testing; and Semmes-Weinstein Monofilament sensory testing. In the energized group, post-treatment evaluation showed statistically significant decreases in the amount of stimulation required to stimulate the median nerve and the amount of hand edema and pain. The energized group also had improved repetitive task times. None of these improvements occurred in the non-energized group. Based on these results, HVPC appears to be an effective method for minimizing the severity of repetitive stress injuries of the wrist.

ctDNA-based mutational landscape following anti-EGFR antibodies in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) to uncover novel resistance mechanisms in the CCTG CO.26 trial.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 117-117
Author(s):  
James T. Topham ◽  
Christopher J. O'Callaghan ◽  
Harriet Feilotter ◽  
Hagen F. Kennecke ◽  
Young S Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Circulating Tumor Dna ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
Mutation Burden ◽  
Pre Treatment

117 Background: Previous studies have identified MAPK and PIK3CA/AKT/mTOR pathways as common mechanisms of acquired resistance to anti-EGFR antibodies (EGFRab) in mCRC. However, such alterations do not account for all patients that become treatment resistant. Using paired whole-exome (WES; tissue) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA; plasma) sequencing, we performed characterization of the EGFRab resistance landscape in patients with mCRC. Methods: Post-treatment (ctDNA; plasma) sequencing was performed for 169 patients with mCRC, with 112 (66%) patients also receiving pre-treatment (WES; primary tumor) sequencing as part of the CO.26 trial. 66 (39%) patients received EGFRab previously at a median of 132.0 days prior to plasma sampling. Using bespoke bioinformatics pipelines (WES) coupled with the GuardantOMNI assay (plasma), we compared somatic mutation (SNV/indel, CNV and fusion) frequencies between pre- and post-EGFRab timepoints, and contrasted results between the two groups. Results: Significant increases in de novo acquisition of EGFR (p = 5.6e-4), KRAS (p = 0.011), ZNF217 (p = 0.0022), MAP2K1 (p = 0.0078) and LRP1B (p = 0.017) SNV/indels were unique to the EGFRab group and often occurred as multiple, low allele frequency events in the same patient. De novo copy number amplification of known resistance genes EGFR/ BRAF/ MET were observed in EGFRab-treated patients (p < 0.05), along with SMO (p = 6.8e-7), PTEN inhibitory gene PREX2 (p = 5.6e-4), FLT3 (p = 2.0e-5), NOTCH4 (p = 6.3e-5), ERBB2 (7.4e-4), KMT2A (p = 3.7e-4) and ARID1B (p = 0.0014). Genes impacted by fusion events in EGFRab-treated patients included BRAF-KIAA1549 (1 patient) and MET-CAV1 (1 patient), and these events were not detected in matched pre-treatment samples. EGFRab-treated patients were found to acquire a combination of multiple (≥5) mutation events (SNV/indel, CNV or fusion) at much higher frequency compared to non-EGFRab-treated patients (67% versus 25% of patients, p = 8.7e-8). Tumor mutation burden (TMB) was not significantly different (p = 0.71) between treatment groups prior to therapy initiation, while post-treatment TMB was significantly higher (p = 1.8e-7) in EGFRab-treated patients (median 25.4 versus 13.1 mut/mb). Conclusions: In addition to previously established resistance pathways, we identified acquired alterations in additional genes such as SMO, PREX2 and epigenetic modifiers KMT2A/ARID1B in EGFRab-treated patients . Moreover, we highlight the phenomenon by which EGFRab-treated tumors acquire multiple concurrent resistance mutations and heightened TMB. Our analysis provides novel insight into the landscape of resistance mechanisms to EGFRab in mCRC while highlighting the potential role for immunotherapy post-EGFRab. Clinical trial information: NCT02870920.

Maternal Responsivity Predicts the Prelinguistic Communication Intervention That Facilitates Generalized Intentional Communication

1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1207-1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Yoder ◽  
Steven F. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Family Systems Theory ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Intentional Communication ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Maternal Responsivity ◽  
Prelinguistic Communication ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Family Variables

Family systems theory posits that the relative effectiveness of early interventions will vary depending on various aspects of the family. This study tested whether maternal responsivity would predict the extent to which Prelinguistic Milieu Teaching (PMT) facilitated generalized intentional communication better than a contrast treatment that was conducted in a small group by a responsive adult (i.e., Responsive Small Group, RSG). Fifty-eight children with developmental disabilities in the prelinguistic communication period of development were randomly assigned to one of the two staff-implemented treatment groups. Thirty were assigned to RSG; 28 were assigned to PMT. Mothers were kept naive to the intervention methods, hypotheses, and measures. In families with mothers who responded to a high percentage of the children's communication acts at the pre-treatment period, the children in the PMT group used more frequent intentional communication in post-treatment generalization sessions with a trainer and mothers than did children in the RSG group. In the families with mothers who responded to fewer than 39% of their children's communication acts, children in the RSG intervention used more frequent intentional communication in post-treatment generalization sessions with the mothers than did children in the PMT intervention. Other family variables and no child variables that we measured could account for these findings.

Cytoprotective Effect of Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction and α-Tocopherol Vitamin E Isoforms Against Glutamate-Induced Cell Death in Neuronal Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 0140-0151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thilaga Rati Selvaraju ◽  
Huzwah Khaza’ai ◽  
Sharmili Vidyadaran ◽  
Mohd Sokhini Abd Mutalib ◽  
Vasudevan Ramachandran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Neuronal Cells ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Tocotrienol Rich Fraction ◽  
Major Mediator

Glutamate is the major mediator of excitatory signals in the mammalian central nervous system. Extreme amounts of glutamate in the extracellular spaces can lead to numerous neurodegenerative diseases. We aimed to clarify the potential of the following vitamin E isomers, tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) and α-tocopherol (α-TCP), as potent neuroprotective agents against glutamate-induced injury in neuronal SK-N-SH cells. Cells were treated before and after glutamate injury (pre- and post-treatment, respectively) with 100 - 300 ng/ml TRF/α-TCP. Exposure to 120 mM glutamate significantly reduced cell viability to 76 % and 79 % in the pre- and post-treatment studies, respectively; however, pre- and post-treatment with TRF/α-TCP attenuated the cytotoxic effect of glutamate. Compared to the positive control (glutamate-injured cells not treated with TRF/α-TCP), pre-treatment with 100, 200, and 300 ng/ml TRF significantly improved cell viability following glutamate injury to 95.2 %, 95.0 %, and 95.6 %, respectively (p < 0.05).The isomers not only conferred neuroprotection by enhancing mitochondrial activity and depleting free radical production, but also increased cell viability and recovery upon glutamate insult. Our results suggest that vitamin E has potent antioxidant potential for protecting against glutamate injury and recovering glutamate-injured neuronal cells. Our findings also indicate that both TRF and α-TCP could play key roles as anti-apoptotic agents with neuroprotective properties.

CONTRACEPTION BY AN INJECTABLE LONG-ACTING OESTROGEN-PROGESTOGEN AGENT. III

1972 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Rolf Plesner
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Period ◽  
Treatment Cycle ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Mixed Phase ◽  
Discontinuation Of Treatment ◽  
Phase Type ◽  
Secretory Type ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Fertile Women

ABSTRACT Twenty-two fertile women were treated cyclically in from 4–30 cycles (mean 15.5) with a total of 341 injections of Deladroxate®, an injectable, long-acting oestrogen-progestogen. The injections were administered on the 8th (7th–9th) day of each cycle. Before treatment, the last pre-treatment cycle was controlled by means of daily recordings of the basal body temperature (BBT), urinary excretion of pregnanediol and total pituitary gonadotrophins at certain intervals, and by endometrial biopsies obtained late in the cycle. The effects of Deladroxate® on ovulation, on pituitary gonadotrophic function, and on the endometrium were controlled by the above mentioned parameters during cycles 1, 3, and 6, and all assessments were repeated after discontinuation of treatment. During treatment, there was a statistically significant fall in gonadotrophin excretion values (as compared with the pre-treatment values), and the fall was found to be gradually progressive during treatment. After discontinuation of treatment, there seemed to be a tendency towards an increase in the excretion values. Suppression of ovulation as determined by means of the pregnanediol excretion during treatment, was effective in nearly all of the treatment cycles checked. The fall in pregnanediol excretion was also gradually progressive during treatment, while there was a slight increase in excretion values in the post-treatment period. During treatment, 79 BBT curves were recorded. Nearly 50 % were monophasic, indicating anovulatory cycles, 17 curves were biphasic, but with the rise in temperature occurring at non-characteristic times in the cycles, 18 curves were classified as thermogenic because of a rise in temperature occurring within 24 hours after the injection, and 5 curves were not assessable. During the first month after discontinuation of treatment, 8 out of 10 recorded curves were monophasic. Out of 53 endometrial biopsies obtained around the 23rd day of the cycle, 31 were of the mixed phase type, but showing a predominance of proliferative patterns, 15 were of the secretory type, and 7 were purely proliferative. Out of 15 biopsies obtained in the post-treatment period, only two were of the mixed phase type, 12 were proliferative and one was purely secretory.

Pre-treatment and post-treatment visual functions in congenital myopia alone versus congenital myopia complicated by amblyopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
A. Mukhina ◽  
◽  
I. Boichuk ◽  
L. Zhuravliova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Treatment ◽  
Visual Functions ◽  
Pre Treatment

scholarly journals Relationship between metamorphopsia and inner retinal microstructure following intravitreal ranibizumab injection for branch retinal vein occlusion

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshimi Sugiura ◽  
Fumiki Okamoto ◽  
Tomoya Murakami ◽  
Shohei Morikawa ◽  
Takahiro Hiraoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macular Edema ◽  
Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Intravitreal Ranibizumab ◽  
Vein Occlusion ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Number Of Injections

AbstractTo evaluate the effects of intravitreal ranibizumab injection (IVR) on metamorphopsia in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), and to assess the relationship between metamorphopsia and inner retinal microstructure and other factors. Thirty-three treatment-naïve eyes of 33 patients with macular edema caused by BRVO with at least 12 months of follow-up were included. The degree of metamorphopsia was quantified using the M-CHARTS. Retinal microstructure was assessed with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Disorganization of the retinal inner layers (DRIL) at the first month after resolution of the macular edema (early DRIL) and at 12 months after treatment (after DRIL) was studied. Central retinal thickness (CRT), and status of the external limiting membrane as well as ellipsoid zone were also evaluated. IVR treatment significantly improved best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and CRT, but the mean metamorphopsia score did not improve even after 12 months. Post-treatment metamorphopsia scores showed a significant correlation with pre-treatment metamorphopsia scores (P < 0.005), the extent of early DRIL (P < 0.05) and after DRIL (P < 0.05), and the number of injections (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that the post-treatment mean metamorphopsia score was significantly correlated with the pre-treatment mean metamorphopsia score (P < 0.05). IVR treatment significantly improved BCVA and CRT, but not metamorphopsia. Post-treatment metamorphopsia scores were significantly associated with pre-treatment metamorphopsia scores, the extent of DRIL, and the number of injections. Prognostic factor of metamorphopsia was the degree of pre-treatment metamorphopsia.

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