scholarly journals Treatment of Hand and Wrist Pain

AAOHN Journal ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 233-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan W. Stralka ◽  
Janice A. Jackson ◽  
A. Ritchie Lewis
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Unit Group ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Sensory Testing ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group I ◽  
Stress Injuries ◽  
Repetitive Stress ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Group Post

To determine the effectiveness of high voltage pulsed current (HVPC) in reducing chronic hand edema, 120 individuals were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups. Group I clients were given an appropriate sized wrist splint, incorporating an energized, high voltage pulsed unit Group II clients were given an identical splint with a non-energized unit. Each client received daily treatments at the worksite consisting of 30 minute sessions totaling 20 treatments during a 35 day period. Pre-treatment and post-treatment evaluations included measurements of pain, grip strength, and edema volume; repetitive task testing; and Semmes-Weinstein Monofilament sensory testing. In the energized group, post-treatment evaluation showed statistically significant decreases in the amount of stimulation required to stimulate the median nerve and the amount of hand edema and pain. The energized group also had improved repetitive task times. None of these improvements occurred in the non-energized group. Based on these results, HVPC appears to be an effective method for minimizing the severity of repetitive stress injuries of the wrist.

scholarly journals PSII-33 Mitigation of testicular heat stress in boars with PG600

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 380-381
Author(s):  
John J Parrish ◽  
Jodi L Berndtson
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Fourier Harmonic ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Scrotal Insulation

Abstract Testicular heat stress due to increasing summer temperatures negatively impacts spermatogenesis reducing semen quality in boars. Scrotal insulation (SI) can mimic summer heat stress. Our hypothesis is that PG600 can mitigate heat stress in boars. PG600 is human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and equine chorionic gonadotropin (ECG) which have LH- and FSH-like effects respectively. During spermatogenesis, LH impacts testosterone production by Leydig cells and FSH impacts Sertoli cells to produce androgen receptors, inhibit apoptotic signals and sustain spermatogenesis. Eight boars (8–12 months of age) were randomly assigned to two treatment groups: SI + saline or SI + PG600. The SI was applied for 48 hrs. Injections were administered 24 hrs prior to SI application and again at onset of SI. PG600 was given at a standard gilt dose to induce puberty. Semen was collected every M-W-F for two weeks prior to treatment and 44 days post-treatment. Semen was evaluated for nuclear head shape via Fourier harmonic analysis (FHA) described as Harmonic amplitudes 0–5 (HA0-5). Semen for each collection day post-treatment was compared to the average of the semen collection days pre-treatment, described as day 0. Scrotal insulation produced a 3.7°C increase in average scrotal temperature for 48 hrs. Post-SI + saline, HA0 decreased on days 21–33 (P < 0.05), HA1 increased on day 30 (P < 0.05), HA2 decreased on day 35 (P < 0.05), HA3 increased on days 21–33 (P < 0.05), HA4 increased on days 21–26 (P < 0.05), and HA5 increased on days 21–30 (P < 0.05). Post-SI + PG600, decreased the number of days post-SI when changes in harmonic amplitudes were seen (P < 0.05) as well as the magnitude of the response (P < 0.05). PG600 was for the first time shown to significantly mitigated the response of boars to SI and testicular heat stress. Increased doses of PG600 may improve results.

scholarly journals 18 Impact of in-feed vs. in-water antibiotic administrations on the fecal prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibilities of Campylobacter and Salmonella in piglets

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 35-36
Author(s):  
Victor L Ishengoma ◽  
Raghavendra G Amachawadi ◽  
Kellen A Habib ◽  
Xiaorong Shi ◽  
Taghreed Mahmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Method ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Food Borne Pathogens ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Campylobacter and Salmonella are common food borne pathogens in the gut of pigs and are shed in the feces. The control of these bacteria in pigs is of importance in reducing the potential for transmission to humans. In swine, oral route, either in-feed or in-water, is by far the most common route of administration of antibiotics. Because the distribution of the antibiotic in the gut and the dosage are different, the impact of in-feed vs. in-water administration of antibiotics on the fecal shedding of food borne pathogens, Campylobacter and Salmonella, and on the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in gut bacteria is a largely unexplored area. Therefore, a study was conducted to compare the effects of in-feed and in-water antibiotic administration on fecal prevalence of Campylobacter and Salmonella and AMR development in nursery piglets. A total of 1,296 weaned piglets were allocated into pens (48 pens; 27 pigs per pen) distributed in a single room. Pens were assigned randomly to six treatment groups; Control (No antibiotic), In-feed chlortetracycline (CTC), In-water CTC, In-feed tiamulin, In-water tiamulin, and a combination of CTC and tiamulin (In-feed). Fresh fecal samples were collected randomly from 5 of 27 piglets from each pen on pre-treatment (days -7, 0), treatment (days 7, 14) and post-treatment (days 21, 28) phases. Bacterial isolations and identifications were done by culture method and PCR, respectively. Overall prevalence of Campylobacter and Salmonella were 18.2% (262/1,440) and 3.9% (56/1,440) respectively. Speciation of Campylobacter isolates indicated C. hyointestinalis (17.9%; 258/1,440) and C. coli (0.3%; 4/1,440). Pigs from control group had a higher prevalence (P< 0.05) of both Campylobacter and Salmonella when compared to other treatment groups. Both treatment and post-treatment phases had a significant effect on the prevalence of Campylobacter and Salmonella (P< 0.05).

scholarly journals A study on treatment of resistant mastitis in dairy cows

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 786-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Chandrasekaran ◽  
A. P. Nambi ◽  
P. S. Thirunavukkarasu ◽  
S. Vairamuthu ◽  
P. Venkatesan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Clinical Recovery ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Staphylococcal Aureus

The study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and treatment of antibiotic resistant mastitis in dairy cows. The predominant resistant causative pathogen was Escherichia coli (50.64 %) followed by S. aureus (44.25 %) and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcal aureus (5.11%).These isolates were found sensitive to gentamicin, enrofloxcain, amoxicillin+sulbactam, ceftriaxone and resistant to amoxicillin, oxytetracycline, penicillin G and oxacillin. In all the treatment groups of E. coli, S. aureus and MRSA mastitis, the post treatment pH, SCC was significantly (P < 0.01) decreased when compared to pre treatment pH, SCC values and the post treatment electrical conductivity was significantly (P < 0.01) increased when compared to pre treatment electrical conductivity value. In E. coli mastitis, treated with amoxicillin+sulbactam, ceftriaxone, enrofloxacin and gentamicin showed 74.1%, 67.75 %, 76.67 % and 64.52 % clinical recovery and in S. aureus mastitis, showed 65.25 %, 65.25 %, 72.43 % and 68.98 % clinical recovery. In MRSA mastitis, enrofloxacin was found to be highly effective in comparison to amoxicillin+sulbcactam.

Tongue scrapping as a means of reducing oral mutans streptococci

2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
George White ◽  
Mirna Armaleh
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
Tooth Brushing ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Mutans streptococci (MS) are one of the most virulent cariogenic pathogens in the oral cavity. The effects of three oral hygiene techniques on salivary mutans streptococci levels were evaluated to see which mechanism would be most efficient in reducing salivary MS levels. Sixty patients, all in the permanent dentition, were selected and randomly distributed into three groups. Group I was asked to use a tongue scraper to brush the tongue once daily in the morning after normal tooth brushing routine. Group II was asked to place and let dissolve a Listerine Oral Care StripTM on the tongue once daily after normal oral hygiene routine. Group III was asked to rinse once every morning, for thirty seconds, with a saturated saline solution after routine tooth brushing. The instructions were done for a period of seven days. Baseline, one hour, three day, and seven day saliva samples were obtained and plated on CRT" by Vivadent MS-sensitive agar. All treatments groups show a significant reduction in colony counts from baseline and one or more post treatment periods and at one or more time periods between treatment groups. The most effective treatment in reducing colony counts was seen within Group I "Tongue Scraping" which demonstrated the greatest change from baseline to each of the post treatment periods. The least effective was Group II "Listerine Strip" which showed a statistically insignificant increase in colony count from baseline to 1-Hour and a significant decrease from baseline at the 7-day period only.

ctDNA-based mutational landscape following anti-EGFR antibodies in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) to uncover novel resistance mechanisms in the CCTG CO.26 trial.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 117-117
Author(s):  
James T. Topham ◽  
Christopher J. O'Callaghan ◽  
Harriet Feilotter ◽  
Hagen F. Kennecke ◽  
Young S Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Circulating Tumor Dna ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
Mutation Burden ◽  
Pre Treatment

117 Background: Previous studies have identified MAPK and PIK3CA/AKT/mTOR pathways as common mechanisms of acquired resistance to anti-EGFR antibodies (EGFRab) in mCRC. However, such alterations do not account for all patients that become treatment resistant. Using paired whole-exome (WES; tissue) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA; plasma) sequencing, we performed characterization of the EGFRab resistance landscape in patients with mCRC. Methods: Post-treatment (ctDNA; plasma) sequencing was performed for 169 patients with mCRC, with 112 (66%) patients also receiving pre-treatment (WES; primary tumor) sequencing as part of the CO.26 trial. 66 (39%) patients received EGFRab previously at a median of 132.0 days prior to plasma sampling. Using bespoke bioinformatics pipelines (WES) coupled with the GuardantOMNI assay (plasma), we compared somatic mutation (SNV/indel, CNV and fusion) frequencies between pre- and post-EGFRab timepoints, and contrasted results between the two groups. Results: Significant increases in de novo acquisition of EGFR (p = 5.6e-4), KRAS (p = 0.011), ZNF217 (p = 0.0022), MAP2K1 (p = 0.0078) and LRP1B (p = 0.017) SNV/indels were unique to the EGFRab group and often occurred as multiple, low allele frequency events in the same patient. De novo copy number amplification of known resistance genes EGFR/ BRAF/ MET were observed in EGFRab-treated patients (p < 0.05), along with SMO (p = 6.8e-7), PTEN inhibitory gene PREX2 (p = 5.6e-4), FLT3 (p = 2.0e-5), NOTCH4 (p = 6.3e-5), ERBB2 (7.4e-4), KMT2A (p = 3.7e-4) and ARID1B (p = 0.0014). Genes impacted by fusion events in EGFRab-treated patients included BRAF-KIAA1549 (1 patient) and MET-CAV1 (1 patient), and these events were not detected in matched pre-treatment samples. EGFRab-treated patients were found to acquire a combination of multiple (≥5) mutation events (SNV/indel, CNV or fusion) at much higher frequency compared to non-EGFRab-treated patients (67% versus 25% of patients, p = 8.7e-8). Tumor mutation burden (TMB) was not significantly different (p = 0.71) between treatment groups prior to therapy initiation, while post-treatment TMB was significantly higher (p = 1.8e-7) in EGFRab-treated patients (median 25.4 versus 13.1 mut/mb). Conclusions: In addition to previously established resistance pathways, we identified acquired alterations in additional genes such as SMO, PREX2 and epigenetic modifiers KMT2A/ARID1B in EGFRab-treated patients . Moreover, we highlight the phenomenon by which EGFRab-treated tumors acquire multiple concurrent resistance mutations and heightened TMB. Our analysis provides novel insight into the landscape of resistance mechanisms to EGFRab in mCRC while highlighting the potential role for immunotherapy post-EGFRab. Clinical trial information: NCT02870920.

Maternal Responsivity Predicts the Prelinguistic Communication Intervention That Facilitates Generalized Intentional Communication

1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1207-1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Yoder ◽  
Steven F. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Family Systems Theory ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Intentional Communication ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Maternal Responsivity ◽  
Prelinguistic Communication ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Family Variables

Family systems theory posits that the relative effectiveness of early interventions will vary depending on various aspects of the family. This study tested whether maternal responsivity would predict the extent to which Prelinguistic Milieu Teaching (PMT) facilitated generalized intentional communication better than a contrast treatment that was conducted in a small group by a responsive adult (i.e., Responsive Small Group, RSG). Fifty-eight children with developmental disabilities in the prelinguistic communication period of development were randomly assigned to one of the two staff-implemented treatment groups. Thirty were assigned to RSG; 28 were assigned to PMT. Mothers were kept naive to the intervention methods, hypotheses, and measures. In families with mothers who responded to a high percentage of the children's communication acts at the pre-treatment period, the children in the PMT group used more frequent intentional communication in post-treatment generalization sessions with a trainer and mothers than did children in the RSG group. In the families with mothers who responded to fewer than 39% of their children's communication acts, children in the RSG intervention used more frequent intentional communication in post-treatment generalization sessions with the mothers than did children in the PMT intervention. Other family variables and no child variables that we measured could account for these findings.

scholarly journals Vitamin E effect on osmotic fragility in β thalassemia major

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 280
Author(s):  
Agus Fitrianto ◽  
Moedrik Tamam ◽  
Nyoman Suci Widyastiti
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Osmotic Fragility ◽  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Vitamin E Supplementation

Background Blood transfusion remains the main therapy for anemia in β thalassemia major patients. However, frequent transfusions can cause oxidative stress in response to iron overload. Vitamin E is considered to be the best lipid-soluble exogenous antioxidant in humans. It can protect phospholipid membrane from peroxidarion. Erythrocyte osmotic fragility is a useful test to assess for the improvement of red blood cells in thalassemia patients after vitamin E supplementation.Objective To investigate the effect of vitamin E for improving erythrocyte osmotic fragility in β thalassemia major and for decreasing the need for frequent transfusions.Methods T his was a double blind placebo controlled randomized clinical trial on children aged 2-14 years with thalassemia major who received frequent blood transfusions. Fifty subjects were divided into 2 groups: group I with vitamin E supplementation and group II with placebo, as a control group, for a period of 1 month. Pre- and post-treatment data on erythrocyte osmotic fragility and hemoglobin level were analyzed with non-paired T-test.Results Improved erythrocyte osmotic fragility was found: in group I, pre-treatment 31.59 (SD 6.342)% to post-treatment 38.08 (SD 7.165)%, compared to the control group pre-treatment 34.40 (SD 6.985)% to post-treatment 29.26 (SD 9.011)% (P=0.0001). Comparison of the mean delta Hb level in group  I was 0.94 (SD 0.605) gr% and that of group II was - 0.23 (SD 1.199) gr% (P=0.0001).Conclusion Vitamin E supplementation improves erythrocyte fragility and Hb level in β thalassemia major pediatric patients.

Modulatory effect of Polyalthia longifolia leaves against cadmium-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajibade O. Oyeyemi ◽  
Olatunde A. Oseni ◽  
Adebimpe O. Babatunde ◽  
Olorunfemi R. Molehin
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Group I ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Polyalthia Longifolia

AbstractBackgroundCadmium serves as a major pollutant in the environment and it has been documented for its widespread harmful effects. This study sought to investigate the prophylactic and the curative effects of aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts of Polyalthia longifolia against cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.MethodsAnimals in group I served as the normal control and administered distilled water only for 14 days, group II was administered cadmium (4 mg/kg/body weight) for 7 days, groups III and IV rats served as the prophylactic group and were pre-treated with P. longifolia aqueous and methanolic leaf extract for 7 days and then exposed to cadmium for another 7 days, serving as pre-treatment group, groups V, VI, VII, and VIII served as curative groups and were first exposed to cadmium for 7 days and then post-treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract and 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of methanolic extract P. longifolia for another 7 days.ResultsPre- and post-treatment with both extracts of P. longifolia revealed a significant hepatoprotective ability by decreasing the alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transaminase, acid phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transferase enzymatic activities were elevated due to cadmium intoxication. Pre- and post-treatment with aqueous and methanolic extract of P. longifolia extract significantly decreased hepatic malondialdehyde levels, together with an improvement in the antioxidant status of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, and reduced glutathione of rats exposed to cadmium. Histopathology examinations also confirm the above biochemical findings.ConclusionThe findings from this work suggested that P. longifolia may be beneficial in ameliorating the cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats.

Cytoprotective Effect of Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction and α-Tocopherol Vitamin E Isoforms Against Glutamate-Induced Cell Death in Neuronal Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 0140-0151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thilaga Rati Selvaraju ◽  
Huzwah Khaza’ai ◽  
Sharmili Vidyadaran ◽  
Mohd Sokhini Abd Mutalib ◽  
Vasudevan Ramachandran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Neuronal Cells ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Tocotrienol Rich Fraction ◽  
Major Mediator

Glutamate is the major mediator of excitatory signals in the mammalian central nervous system. Extreme amounts of glutamate in the extracellular spaces can lead to numerous neurodegenerative diseases. We aimed to clarify the potential of the following vitamin E isomers, tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) and α-tocopherol (α-TCP), as potent neuroprotective agents against glutamate-induced injury in neuronal SK-N-SH cells. Cells were treated before and after glutamate injury (pre- and post-treatment, respectively) with 100 - 300 ng/ml TRF/α-TCP. Exposure to 120 mM glutamate significantly reduced cell viability to 76 % and 79 % in the pre- and post-treatment studies, respectively; however, pre- and post-treatment with TRF/α-TCP attenuated the cytotoxic effect of glutamate. Compared to the positive control (glutamate-injured cells not treated with TRF/α-TCP), pre-treatment with 100, 200, and 300 ng/ml TRF significantly improved cell viability following glutamate injury to 95.2 %, 95.0 %, and 95.6 %, respectively (p < 0.05).The isomers not only conferred neuroprotection by enhancing mitochondrial activity and depleting free radical production, but also increased cell viability and recovery upon glutamate insult. Our results suggest that vitamin E has potent antioxidant potential for protecting against glutamate injury and recovering glutamate-injured neuronal cells. Our findings also indicate that both TRF and α-TCP could play key roles as anti-apoptotic agents with neuroprotective properties.

Evaluation of unconventional poultry feed in broilers

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Trial Period ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Group I ◽  
Unconventional Feed

Background: Commercial broiler is a rapidly growing sector in Bangladesh. The broilers are supplied with the balanced ration prepared from a number of ingredients which are not available uniformly throughout the years. On the other hands, manufactured feeds are costly and inconvenient for the rural farmers. This study is undertaken to use unconventional feed ingredients aiming to decrease the broiler production cost. Method: A total of ninety-nine day- old broiler chicks (Hubbard) of either sex were used in this study in 3 treatment groups to assess processed unconventional feed item (shoti, blood meal, poultry dropping and molasses) on growth and profitability upon rearing for 60 days. Broilers were reared in dip litter system and were fed ad libitum on conventional and unconventional diet dividing into 3 treatment diets namely, treatment diet 1 (T1: Conventional as control), treatment diet 2 (T2: unconventional with blood meal and shoti), and treatment diet 3 (T3: unconventional with blood meal, shoti, poultry droppings and molasses) throughout the trial period. Treatment group 1 (T1) was used as control. Results: Broilers fed on control diet (conventional feed) achieved higher (P<0.01) body weight, while the broilers offered diets with the highest amount of unconventional feed had the lowest body weight. Increased (P<0.01) feed intake was observed during 21days and 49 days of age when broilers fed diets with the supplementation, but no significant differences were found among the groups in terms of feed consumption during 33 day of age. FCR differed significantly (P<.01) throughout the trial period with the broilers fed diets without supplementation of unconventional feed item had the superior FCR than the others. Mortality rate was 6.06%,9.09%, and 9.09% in treatment group I, treatment group II, and treatment group III respectively while live weights, feed conversion and feed consumption was unaffected by all the dietary groups with/without incorporation of unconventional feed item up to day 60 days of age. Statistically significant (P<0.01) decreased live weight was observed among the treatment groups in 60-day-old birds. Productivity and cost-benefit analysis were performed. Conclusion: Use of unconventional feed ingredients in broiler production greatly reduces the feed cost with little hampering the growth rate and hence, it is profitable for the farmers.

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